Introduction
This document describes how to setup the Multilayer Data Switch (MDS) 9000 to transfer information via the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol without providing a password for the user.
Problem
Transferring files from an MDS switch over SSH, using protocols like Secure Copy (SCP), requires a password by default. Interactively providing an SSH password can be inconvenient and some external user scripts may not be able to provide the password interactively.
Solution
Generate public/private keypairs on the MDS switch and add the public key to a user account authorized_keys file on the SSH server.
Pre-requisites
For this example, a generic Linux server (RedHat, Ubuntu, etc.) configured with an SSH server and client installed.
Overview
This document outlines the steps required for an SSH transfer from the MDS 9000 to a linux server without providing a password, which is described in four steps.
- Setting up the public/private key pair for the user account which will be setup to “copy” the data out of the switch. (i.e. the account from which the SSH or SCP command will be executed, in this example “testuser”)
- Setting up the public/private key pair for the user account on the Linux host so that user “testuser” should copy or move the information out of the switch without having to provide the password from the switch prompt.
- Test SCP from the switch to the Linux host.
Setting up the public/private key pair for the user account on the MDS
From MDS 9000 switch, create the username “testuser” with password and role as network-admin. Make sure to create the user and network-admin role user for keypair generation to work.
sw12# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sw12(config)# username testuser password cisco_123 role network-admin
sw12(config)# cop run start
[########################################] 100%
sw12(config)#
SSH into the switch from the Linux host with the username created in previous step:
sj-lnx[85]:~$ ssh testuser@192.168.12.112
User Access Verification
Password:
Cisco Nexus Operating System (NX-OS) Software
TAC support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 2002-2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The copyrights to certain works contained in this software are
owned by other third parties and used and distributed under
license. Certain components of this software are licensed under
the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2.0 or the GNU
Lesser General Public License (LGPL) Version 2.1. A copy of each
such license is available at
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.php and
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
sw12#
Generate the keypair for user testuser using rsa with length of 1024 bits.
sw12# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sw12(config)# username testuser keypair generate rsa 1024
generating rsa key(1024 bits)......
generated rsa key
sw12(config)# show username testuser keypair
**************************************
rsa Keys generated:Tue Apr 16 15:05:18 2013
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAs3RocZLGp0y0sTdKXydmJDQVG//wAWXys7xk2DrcgQco
fY8+bRUBAUfMasoOVUvrCvV0qOdC8woV4KgF0nQgfX/mhuKqjWHW6IEBMmPY8v+OjXn+Avj3CH8K7h1z
tmbtFPo04rR7ivJx/boPQopk7mlpeocEzpVihOCIRiVJaj0=
bitcount:1024
fingerprint:
8b:d8:7b:2f:bf:14:ee:bc:a4:d3:54:0a:9a:4d:db:60
**************************************
could not retrieve dsa key information
**************************************
sw12(config)# cop run start
[########################################] 100%
sw12(config)#
Export the keypair to bootflash:, provide the Passphrase (Whatever you want, just make a note of it somewhere.)
sw12(config)# username testuser keypair export bootflash:testuser_rsa rsa
Enter Passphrase:
sw12(config)# dir bootflash:
16384 Apr 15 15:21:31 2012 lost+found/
18693120 Apr 15 15:22:55 2012 m9100-s3ek9-kickstart-mz.5.0.1a.bin
73579433 Apr 15 15:23:53 2012 m9100-s3ek9-mz.5.0.1a.bin
5778 Apr 15 15:24:48 2013 mts.log
951 Apr 16 15:07:01 2013 testuser_rsa
219 Apr 16 15:07:02 2013 testuser_rsa.pub
Usage for bootflash://sup-local
143622144 bytes used
533487616 bytes free
677109760 bytes total
sw12(config)#
Setting up the public/private key pair for the user account on the Linux host
Copy the rsa public key for user testuser from the switch onto the Linux host with username "testuser" already present. Please note that you will need to provide the password for username testuser which may or may not be the same as what was previously created on the switch.
Note: These instructions use an example where the testuser account path is /users/testuser. Depending on your Linux version this path may be different.
sw12(config)# copy bootflash:testuser_rsa.pub scp://testuser@192.168.12.100/users/testuser/.ssh
The authenticity of host '192.168.12.100 (192.168.12.100)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 91:42:28:58:f9:51:31:4d:ba:ac:95:50:51:09:96:74.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.12.100' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
testuser@192.168.12.100's password:
testuser_rsa.pub 100% 219 0.2KB/s 00:00
sw12(config)# dir bootflash:
16384 Apr 15 15:21:31 2012 lost+found/
18693120 Apr 15 15:22:55 2012 m9100-s3ek9-kickstart-mz.5.0.1a.bin
73579433 Apr 15 15:23:53 2012 m9100-s3ek9-mz.5.0.1a.bin
5778 Apr 15 15:24:48 2013 mts.log
951 Apr 16 15:07:01 2013 testuser_rsa
219 Apr 16 15:07:02 2013 testuser_rsa.pub
Usage for bootflash://sup-local
143622144 bytes used
533487616 bytes free
677109760 bytes total
sw12(config)#
On the Linux server you need to add contents of the testuser_rsa.pub file to the authorized_keys file (or authorized_keys2 file depending on your version of SSH):
sj-lnx[91]:~/$ cd .ssh
sj-lnx[92]:~/.ssh$ chmod 644 authorized_keys2
sj-lnx[93]:~/.ssh$ ls -lrt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 testuser eng 16 Apr 7 2005 authorized_keys -> authorized_keys2
-rw-r--r-- 1 testuser eng 1327 Apr 16 15:04 authorized_keys2
-rw-r--r-- 1 testuser eng 219 Apr 16 15:13 testuser_rsa.pub
sj-lnx[94]:~/.ssh$ cat testuser_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAs3RocZLGp0y0sTdKXydmJDQVG//wAWXys7xk2DrcgQcofY8+bRUBAUfMasoOVUvrCvV0qOdC8woV4KgF0nQgfX/mhuKqjWHW6IEBMmPY8v+OjXn+Avj3CH8K7h1ztmbtFPo04rR7ivJx/boPQopk7mlpeocEzpVihOCIRiVJaj0= root@sw12
sj-lnx[95]:~/.ssh$ cat testuser_ras.pub >> authorized_keys2
sj-lnx[96]:~/.ssh$ cat authorized_keys2
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEA1XMy4dbF5Vy4+wvYWS7s/luE/HoyX+HD6Kwrre5lEP7ZRKm1S3blWxZeYIYuhL7kU714ZM0r4NzEcV2Jdt6/7Hai5FlnKqA04AOAYH6jiPcw0fjdLB98q96B4G5XvaoV7VP2HTNn7Uw5DpQ3+ODwjCgQE7PvBOS2yGKt9gYbLd8= root@sw12
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAs3RocZLGp0y0sTdKXydmJDQVG//wAWXys7xk2DrcgQcofY8+bRUBAUfMasoOVUvrCvV0qOdC8woV4KgF0nQgfX/mhuKqjWHW6IEBMmPY8v+OjXn+Avj3CH8K7h1ztmbtFPo04rR7ivJx/boPQopk7mlpeocEzpVihOCIRiVJaj0= root@sw12
sj-lnx[97]:~/.ssh$
Test SCP from the switch to the Linux host.
Test SCP from the switch to Linux server and verify the copy from switch to the server without providing the password. (Please note that “No password is prompted for…”)
sw12(config)# dir bootflash:
16384 Apr 15 15:21:31 2012 lost+found/
18693120 Apr 15 15:22:55 2012 m9100-s3ek9-kickstart-mz.5.0.1a.bin
73579433 Apr 15 15:23:53 2012 m9100-s3ek9-mz.5.0.1a.bin
5778 Apr 15 15:24:48 2013 mts.log
951 Apr 16 15:07:01 2013 testuser_rsa
219 Apr 16 15:07:02 2013 testuser_rsa.pub
Usage for bootflash://sup-local
143622144 bytes used
533487616 bytes free
677109760 bytes total
sw12(config)# copy bootflash:mts.log scp://testuser@192.168.12.100/users/testuser
mts.log 100% 5778 5.6KB/s 00:00
sw12(config)#
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