Table Of Contents
Configuring Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
Contents
Prerequisites for Configuring Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
How to Configure Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
Configuring Via-Zones
Configure Remote Zones
Configure Local Zones
In-Service Updates to Gatekeeper Zone Prefix Configuration
Configuring Call-Capacity Thresholds
Configuring LRQ Resource Rejection
Configuring the Sequential LRQ Timer
H.323 Standard-Based Hopcount Field in LRQ
Dynamic Control of Gatekeeper Sequential LRQ Processing Through GKTMP
Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Restrictions for ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Information About ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Configuring ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Examples
Verifying Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Configuring Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
Restrictions for Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
Information About Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
Configuring Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
Verifying Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Configuring RAS Retry and Timer
Configuring Real-Time Call Type Reporting Through GKTMP
Examples
Configuring Alternate Endpoint Call Attempts in RADIUS Call Accounting Records
Unique Calling Party Information with Alternate Endpoints
Verifying Gatekeeper Configuration and Operation
Examples
Troubleshooting Gatekeeper Configuration and Operation
Configuration Examples for Gatekeepers
Universal Gatekeeper Configurations: Example
Via-Zone Gatekeeper: Example
Additional References
Related Documents
Standards
MIBs
RFCs
Technical Assistance
Feature Information for Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper Configuration Guide
Configuring Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
Revised: Month Day, Year
First Published: June 19, 2006
Last Updated: July 11, 2008
This chapter describes fundamental configuration tasks required for Configuring Cisco Unified Border Element with gatekeeper functionality. A Cisco Unified Border Element, in this guide also called an IP-to-IP gateway (IPIPGW), border element (BE), or session border controller, facilitates connectivity between independent VoIP networks by enabling H.323 VoIP and videoconferencing calls from one IP network to another. This gateway performs most of the same functions of a PSTN-to-IP gateway, but typically joins two IP call legs, rather than a PSTN and an IP call leg.
Finding Feature Information in This Module
Your Cisco IOS software release may not support all of the features documented in this module. To reach links to specific feature documentation in this module and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, use the Feature Information for Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper Configuration Guide
Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS Software Images
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Activation Before you can configure the software features described in this guide, you will need a Product Authorization Key (PAK). Before you start the configuration process, please register your products and activate your PAK at the following URL
http://www.cisco.com/go/license.
Contents
•
Prerequisites for Configuring Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
•
How to Configure Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
•
Configuration Examples for Gatekeepers
•
Additional References
•
Feature Information for Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper Configuration Guide
Prerequisites for Configuring Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
•
Perform the prerequisites listed in the Cisco Unified Border Element at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/voice/cube/configuration/guide/vb-gw-overview.html#wp1158812
•
Perform basic H.323 gatekeeper configuration.
Note
For configuration instructions, see the "Configuring H.323 Gatekeepers and Proxies" chapter of the Cisco IOS H.323 Configuration Guide, Release 15.0
How to Configure Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper
This section describes how to configure and verify the Cisco UBE features on gatekeepers.
•
Configuring Via-Zones (required)
•
In-Service Updates to Gatekeeper Zone Prefix Configuration
•
Configuring Call-Capacity Thresholds
•
Configuring LRQ Resource Rejection
•
Configuring the Sequential LRQ Timer
•
H.323 Standard-Based Hopcount Field in LRQ
•
Dynamic Control of Gatekeeper Sequential LRQ Processing Through GKTMP
•
Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
•
Configuring Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
•
Configuring RAS Retry and Timer
•
Configuring Real-Time Call Type Reporting Through GKTMP
•
Configuring Alternate Endpoint Call Attempts in RADIUS Call Accounting Records
•
Unique Calling Party Information with Alternate Endpoints
•
Verifying Gatekeeper Configuration and Operation
•
Troubleshooting Gatekeeper Configuration and Operation
Note
For sample gatekeeper configurations, see the "Configuration Examples for Gatekeepers" section.
Configuring Via-Zones
Via-zone gatekeepers differ from legacy gatekeepers in how LRQ and ARQ messages are used for call routing. Using via-zone gatekeepers will maintain normal clusters and functionality. Legacy gatekeepers examine incoming LRQs based on the called number, and more specifically the dialedDigits field in the destinationInfo portion of the LRQ. Via-zone gatekeepers look at the origination point of the LRQ before looking at the called number. If an LRQ comes from a gatekeeper listed in the via-zone gatekeeper's remote zone configurations, the gatekeeper checks to see that the zone remote configuration contains an invia or outvia keyword. If the configuration contains these keywords, the gatekeeper uses the new via-zone behavior; if not, it uses legacy behavior.
For ARQ messages, the gatekeeper determines if an outvia keyword is configured on the destination zone. If the outvia keyword is configured, and the zone named with the outvia keyword is local to the gatekeeper, the call is directed to a Cisco Multiservice IP-to-IP Gateway in that zone by returning an ACF pointing to the Cisco Multiservice IP-to-IP Gateway. If the zone named with the outvia keyword is remote, the gatekeeper sends a location request to the outvia gatekeeper rather than the remote zone gatekeeper. The invia keyword is not used in processing the ARQ.
Note
•
Video calls can take advantage of the benefits offered by via-zone gatekeeper processing. For a more detailed description of how via-zone gatekeepers process calls, see the "Configuring Via-Zones" section.
•
Using the zone local command, you can specify invia and outvia gatekeepers to be used for intrazone video calls. You can also use the enable-intrazone keyword to force all intrazone calls to use the via-zone gatekeeper.
This section contains the following information:
•
Configure Remote Zones
•
Configure Local Zones
Configure Remote Zones
To configure remote zones on the gatekeeper, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
zone remote gatekeeper-name domain-name [ras-IP-address] [invia inbound-gatekeeper | outvia outbound-gatekeeper [enable-intrazone]]
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
zone remote gatekeeper-name domain-name
[ras-IP-address] [invia inbound-gatekeeper |
outvia outbound-gatekeeper [enable-intrazone]]
Example:
Router(config-gk)# zone remote termGK cisco
10.16.193.158 1719 invia hurricane outvia
hurricane
|
Defines the remote gatekeeper zone. Keywords and arguments are as follows:
• zone-name—Name (ID) of the remote zone gatekeeper.
• domain-name—Name (ID) of the domain that the remote zone is serving.
• ip-address—IP address for the remote gatekeeper.
• port-number—RAS signaling port number for the remote zone. Range: 1 to 65535. Default: the well-known RAS port number 1719.
• invia inbound-gatekeeper—Name of the via-zone gatekeeper to use for calls coming from the remote zone name.
• outvia outbound-gatekeeper—Name of the via-zone gatekeeper to use for calls coming to the remote zone name.
|
Step 5
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
Configure Local Zones
To configure local zones on the gatekeeper, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
zone local gatekeeper-name domain-name [ras-IP-address] [invia inbound-gatekeeper | outvia outbound-gatekeeper [enable-intrazone]]
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
zone local gatekeeper-name domain-name
[ras-IP-address] [invia inbound-gatekeeper |
outvia outbound-gatekeeper [enable-intrazone]]
Example:
Router(config-gk)# zone local termGK example.com
10.16.193.158 invia hurricane outvia hurricane
enable-intrazone
|
Defines the local gatekeeper zone. Keywords and arguments are as follows:
• gatekeeper-name—Gatekeeper name or zone name
• domain-name—Domain name served by this gatekeeper
• ras-IP-address—IP address of one of the interfaces on the gatekeeper
• invia inbound-gatekeeper—Gatekeeper for calls entering this zone
• outvia outbound-gatekeeper—Gatekeeper for calls leaving this zone
• enable-intrazone—All intrazone calls must use the via-zone gatekeeper
|
Step 5
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
In-Service Updates to Gatekeeper Zone Prefix Configuration
This feature increases the availability of H.323 VoIP networks by allowing changes to a gatekeeper zone prefix while the gatekeeper is running and managing active E.164 registrations.
Prior to Cisco IOS Release 12.4(6)T the gatekeeper had to be shut down before changes can be applied. The shutdown removed all existing calls and registrations, making modification of zone prefix configurations inconvenient and costly for customers.
No configuration is required.
Configuring Call-Capacity Thresholds
To configure call-capacity thresholds on the gatekeeper, perform the following steps.
Note
Setting the threshold on the gatekeeper causes the gatekeeper to send an ARJ message to the gateway if call capacity is exceeded. If LRJ resource rejection is configured, the gatekeeper also sends an LRJ message in response to an LRQ message when call capacity is exceeded.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
endpoint resource threshold onset high-water-mark abatement low-water-mark
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
endpoint resource threshold onset high-water-mark
abatement low-water-mark
Example:
Router(config-gk)# endpoint resource threshold
onset 85 abatement 65
|
Sets the call volume thresholds in the gatekeeper for monitoring its gateway. Keywords and arguments are as follows:
• onset high-water-mark—Maximum call-volume usage for the gateway, as a percentage. Range: 1 to 99. Default: 90.
• abatement low-water-mark—Minimum call-volume usage for the gateway, as a percentage. Range: 1 to 99. Default: 80.
|
Step 5
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
Configuring LRQ Resource Rejection
By default, the gatekeeper does not reject LRQs based on resource limits of the endpoints. To configure the gatekeeper to reject LRQs, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
lrq reject-resource-low
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
lrq reject-resource-low
Example:
Router(config-gk)# lrq reject-resource-low
|
Configures the gatekeeper to reject an LRQ if the endpoints that can service a call are out of resources.
|
Step 5
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
Configuring the Sequential LRQ Timer
This features allows service providers the ability to define the time window during which the gatekeeper collects responses from the gateway before resending a RAS message to a gatekeeper and to set the number of times to resend the RAS message after the timeout period expires. To configure the sequential LRQ timer, perform the following tasks.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
timer lrq seq delay
5.
timer lrq window decisec
6.
no shutdown
7.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
timer lrq seq delay
Example:
Router(config-gk)# timer lrq seq delay 1
|
Defines the time interval between successive sequential LRQs.
|
Step 5
|
timer lrq window decisec
Example:
Router(config-gk)# timer lrq window decisec 3
|
Defines the time window during which the gatekeeper collects responses to one or more outstanding LRQs.
|
Step 6
|
no shutdown
Example:
Router(config-gk)# no shutdown
|
Enables the gatekeeper.
|
Step 7
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
H.323 Standard-Based Hopcount Field in LRQ
This feature adds support for H.225 version 4 standard hopCount field in the LocationRequest RAS message.
The hopCount field defines the number of gatekeepers through which a message may propagate. If hopCount is greater than 0, the gatekeeper inserts the new hop count value into the message to be forwarded. If hopCount has reached 0, the gatekeeper will not forward the message.
The hopCount field was added in H225 version 4. The Cisco gatekeeper supported the same mechanism before it was added to the standard using Non-Standard fields. Support for the Non-Standard mechanism for backward compatibility exists.
No configuration is required.
Dynamic Control of Gatekeeper Sequential LRQ Processing Through GKTMP
If a gatekeeper receives a location reject message (LRJ) When an alternate gatekeeper is connected, the default process is to repeat the location request (LRQ). This feature allows service providers to reject traffic at the Gatekeeper Transaction Message Protocol (GKTMP) server.
No configuration is required.
Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
This feature provides additional security checks upon receiving the registration request (RRQ) from an endpoint. Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for gatekeepers describes comparisons made in the endpoint ID, aliases, source address, RAS address, and call signaling address for the end point to its registration and reject the request if the appropriate fields don't match.
The enhanced security checks at the gatekeeper compares source address, RAS address and call signaling addresses for the endpoint and sends the reject RRQ if the appropriate fields don't match. To configure enhanced security checks at the gatekeeper for RRQ, perform the steps in this section. This section contains the following subsections:
•
Restrictions for ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
•
Information About ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
•
Configuring ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
•
Verifying Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Restrictions for ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Security enhancements on the ARQ to not enforce control between ARQ and Setup; it is still possible for an unauthorized user with a VoIP account to:
•
Establish a call on behalf of another user by sending the correct source info in the ARQ along with spoofed source info in the Setup.
•
Send a valid ARQ to enable any unregistered third party endpoint to pass the call.
Information About ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
The Gatekeeper in the Cisco UBE performs the initial security checks upon receiving the registration request (RRQ) from an endpoint. The GK should reject the RRQ if the security checks fail. The enhanced security features are beneficial for networks that have the Cisco Unifed Border Element co-located in the same box as their gatekeeper.
This feature describes how the gatekeeper should be less verbose when the security checks fails and return a generic error condition (securityDenial) and how to handle legitimate endpoints that return specific error causes.
The following enhanced checks should be done by the gatekeeper on a RRQ:
High RRQ—new registrations or repeated refresh RRQ
•
Match transport address. Reject RAS messages from endpoints if they do not use the same ip address for both RAS as well as call signaling.
Check the RAS address presented, if the address is not "source address = = ras address (RRQ) = = call signaling address (RRQ)"; send a security denial (RRJ).
•
Match alias address(es) list sent in the RAS message with the alias address(es) already registered with the GK. If any alias address is found to be duplicate (i.e. registered with another endpoint), reject the RAS message.
For all alias addresses in the RRQ if a registered endpoint is found
–
If the register endpoint call signaling address is not the same as call signaling address in the RRQ: send security denial (RRJ).
–
If the endpoint ID is present in the RRQ and is not the same as the registers endpoint; send security denial (RRJ).
Low RRQ—keepalives
•
Check the RAS address presented in the RRQ, if the address is not "ras address = = source address = = registered endpoint's address"; send a security denial (RRJ).
•
If the call signaling address present in the RRQ is not "call sig address= = source address= = registered endpoint's call signaling address; send security denial (RRJ)
Enhanced Security checks at GK for ARQ/DRQ/ BRQ/URQ/IIR
Security loopholes addressed by:
•
Checks done for RRQ/ARQ/URQ/BRQ/DRQ requests.
•
Checks done for IRR responses to maintain uniformity
Configuring ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
To enable ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
security match source-ip
5.
security match alias-address-list
6.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
security match source-ip
Example:
Router(config-gk)# security
|
Configures the gatekeeper to check the source, ras, and call signaling address for all relevant RAS messages.
|
Step 5
|
security match alias-address-list
Example:
Router(config-gk)# security match
alias-address-list
|
Configures the gatekeeper to perform checks on the alias-address list for all relevant RAS messages.
|
Step 6
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
Examples
Router(config)# gatekeeper
Router(config-gk)# security match source-ip
Router(config-gk)# security match alias-address-list
Verifying Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
The following example shows the configuration of a gatekeeper with the Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations feature enabled. Note that the aaa alias-address command must be enabled for the gatekeeper to send the source address and alias-address information in the AAA requests. This command is enabled by default and not visible to users for manual configuration.
Router# show run all | security gatekeeper
zone local OGK cisco.com 10.10.10.4 invia OGK outvia OGK
zone remote TGK cisco.com 10.10.10.5 1719
security match alias-address-list
security aaa alias-address
Configuring Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
The Extended InterZone Clear Token support provides the ability for terminating gatekeeper (TGK) or originating gatekeeper OGK) to compute the Inter-Zone Clear Token (IZCT) hash token based on the Destination Alias, Destination CSA, Destination epid, Source Alias, Source CSA & Source epid. Currently gatekeepers compute the IZCT hash token only based on the Destination Alias. Extending the IZCT abilities increases Billing and Service integrity.
This feature provides additional security checks upon receiving the registration request (RRQ) from an endpoint. Enhanced Admission Request (ARQ) and RRQ Security for gatekeepers describes comparisons made in the endpoint ID, aliases, source address, RAS address, and call signaling address for the end point to its registration and reject the request if the appropriate fields don't match.
The enhanced security checks at the gatekeeper compares source address, RAS address and call signaling addresses for the endpoint and sends the reject RRQ if the appropriate fields don't match. To configure enhanced security checks at the gatekeeper for RRQ, perform the steps in this section. This section contains the following subsections:
•
Restrictions for ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
•
Information About ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
•
Configuring ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
•
Verifying Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
Restrictions for Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
•
The security izct command must be configured at OGK/TGK in order to enable the feature.
•
The call will fail if the hash keyword at TGK is changed from the point of computation of IZCT hash token to the point of re-computation of IZCT hash token after receiving the ARQ from TGW.
•
The IZCT token generated is valid only for 30 seconds
•
IZCT Hash token generated by TGK can be used for multiple calls only with in 30 seconds.
•
When configuring an outgoing gateway (OGW) <-> outgoing gatekeeper (OGK) <-> a trunking gatekeeper (TGK) <-> a trunking gateway (TGW). The secutity izct command is optional at the OGK, and required at the TGK. If hash parameter is not specified at the TGK, then dest-alias (default) will be used for hash token computation.
Information About Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
•
The Hash keyword at OGK and TGK do not need to match.
•
More than one hash keyword can be configured for thesecurity izct command
Configuring Extended InterZone Clear Token Support
To enable Extended InterZone Clear Token Support, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
security izct password password [hash {dest-alias | src-alias | src-csa | dest-csa | src-epid | dst-epid}]
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
security izct password password[hash {dest-alias
|src-alias |src-csa |dest-csa |src-epid
|dst-epid}]
Example:
Router(config-gk)# security izct password example
hash dest-alias
|
Configures the gatekeeper to perform checks on the alias-address list for all relevant RAS messages.
|
Step 5
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
Verifying Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
The following example shows the configuration of a gatekeeper with the Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations feature enabled. Note that the aaa alias-address command must be enabled for the gatekeeper to send the source address and alias-address information in the AAA requests. This command is enabled by default and not visible to users for manual configuration.
Router# show run all | security gatekeeper
zone local OGK cisco.com 10.10.10.4 invia OGK outvia OGK
zone remote TGK cisco.com 10.10.10.5 1719
security match alias-address-list
security aaa alias-address
Configuring RAS Retry and Timer
This features allows service providers the ability to control transmit time margins on Cisco gatekeepers by changing the RAS message timeout LRQ value and message retry counter values.
The ras timeout lrq command configures the number of seconds for the gateway to wait before resending an RAS message to a gatekeeper. The ras retry command configures the number of times to resend the RAS message after the timeout period expires. The default values for timeouts and retries are acceptable in most networks. You can use these commands if you are experiencing problems in RAS message transmission between gateways and gatekeepers. For example, if you have gatekeepers that are slow to respond to a type of RAS request, increasing the timeout value and the number of retries increases the call success rate, preventing lost billing information and unnecessary switchover to an alternate gatekeeper.
To configure RAS message timeout values and retry counters, perform the following tasks.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
ras timeout lrq2
5.
ras retry lrq 1
6.
no shutdown
7.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
ras timeout lrq 2
Example:
Router(config-gk)# ras timeout lrq 2
|
Configures the gatekeeper RAS message timeout values.
|
Step 5
|
ras retry lrq 1
Example:
Router(config-gk)# ras retry lrq 1
|
Configures the gatekeeper RAS message retry value.
|
Step 6
|
no shutdown
Example:
Router(config-gk)# no shutdown
|
Enables the gatekeeper.
|
Step 7
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk)# exit
|
Exits the current mode.
|
Configuring Real-Time Call Type Reporting Through GKTMP
This feature allows Cisco H.323 VoIP gateways to report the call type to a Cisco IOS Gatekeeper at the end of each call through an RAS DRQ message using an external call routing application through GKTMP. This allows an external call routing application to consider the call type when it makes decisions about how to route subsequent calls to the same destination.
To configure the call-type trigger from the gatekeeper to the RouteServer on receipt of the DRQ perform the following tasks.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
gatekeeper
4.
server trigger drq
5.
destination-info call-info-type
6.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
gatekeeper
Example:
Router(config)# gatekeeper
|
Enters gatekeeper configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
server trigger drq
Example:
Router(config-gk)# server trigger drq ZGK2 1
RouteServer 1.1.1.1 10000
|
Configures the disengage request (DRQ) trigger statically on the gatekeeper.
|
Step 5
|
destination-info call-info-type voice
Example:
Router(config-gk_drqtrigger)# destination-info
call-info-type voice
|
Specifies the call type filter in the gatekeeper DRQ trigger submode.
|
Step 6
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-gk_drqtrigger)# exit
|
Exits the gatekeeper DRQ trigger submode.
|
Examples
The following example shows the configuration to trigger the call type from the gatekeeper to RouteServer on receipt of a disengage request (DRQ). In this example the DRQ will be sent to a route server for voice, fax, and modem:
zone local ZGK2 example.com
zone remote DGK example.com 10.5.5.5 1719
gw-type-prefix 1#* default-technology
server registration-port 8888
server trigger drq ZGK2 1 RouteServer 10.1.1.1 10000
Configuring Alternate Endpoint Call Attempts in RADIUS Call Accounting Records
This feature controls alternate endpoint hunting based on call disconnect cause codes.Alternate end point hunt is enabled by default. If you configure this feature you can control (disable) hunting based on call disconnect cause codes.
To configure alternate endpoint call attempts in RADIUS call accounting records tried in an Cisco UBE, perform the following steps.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
voice service {voip | voatm}
4.
no h225 alt-ep hunt [all | cause-code]
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
voice service {voip | voatm}
Example:
Router(config)# voice service voip
|
Enters voice service configuration mode and specifies a voice encapsulation type.
|
Step 4
|
h323
Example:
Router(config-voice-service)# h323
|
Enters H.323 voice-service configuration mode.
|
Step 5
|
no h225 alt-ep hunt [all | cause-code]
Example:
Router(conf-serv-h323)# no h225 alt-ep hunt
user-busy
|
Disables alternate endpoint hunts based on call disconnect cause codes.
• all—Continue hunt for all disconnect cause codes.
• cause-code—May be entered as standard Q.850 number or as text.
Note Alternate endpoint hunt is enabled for all cause codes by default. Command will be visible only for the negated hunt cause codes (with no prefixed).
|
Unique Calling Party Information with Alternate Endpoints
This feature enables alternate endpoint capabilities of the Cisco IOS H.323 gatekeeper and voice gateway to associate a unique calling party number automatic number identification (ANI) with each alternate endpoint using the GKTMP.
Verifying Gatekeeper Configuration and Operation
To verify gatekeeper configuration and operation, perform the following steps (listed alphabetically) as appropriate.
Step 1
show gatekeeper circuit
Use this command to view information on calls in progress.
Step 2
show gatekeeper endpoint
Use this command to view information on endpoint registrations.
Step 3
how gatekeeper performance stats
Use this command to view RAS information, including via-zone statistics.
Step 4
show gatekeeper status
Use this command to view call-capacity thresholds.
Step 5
show gatekeeper zone status
Use this command to verify gatekeeper configuration.
Step 6
show running-config | begin gatekeeper
Use this command to verify gatekeeper configuration.
Examples
This section contains the following output examples:
•
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper circuit Command
•
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper endpoint Command
•
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper performance stats Command
•
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper status Command
•
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper zone status Command
•
Sample Output for the show running-config Command
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper circuit Command
Router# show gatekeeper circuit
Circuit Endpoint Max Calls Avail Calls Resources Zone
------- -------- --------- ----------- --------- ----
cisco-default-h323-circuit
Note
The word "calls" refers to call legs in some commands and output.
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper endpoint Command
Router# show gatekeeper endpoint
GATEKEEPER ENDPOINT REGISTRATION
================================
CallSignalAddr Port RASSignalAddr Port Zone Name Type Flags
--------------- ----- --------------- ----- --------- ---- -----
172.19.148.202 1720 172.19.148.202 2052 vepzone TERM
172.19.148.205 1720 172.19.148.205 55995 vepzone H323-GW
Voice Capacity Max.= 1000 Avail.= 1000 Current.= 0
172.19.148.208 1720 172.19.148.208 17201 vepzone TERM
172.19.232.138 1720 172.19.232.138 17201 vepzone TERM
Total number of active registrations = 4
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper performance stats Command
Table 1 describes the significant RAS via-zone fields shown in the display.
Router# show gatekeeper performance stats
-----Gatekeeper Performance Statistics-----
Performance statistics captured since: 01:50:17 UTC Sun Mar 3 2002
Gatekeeper level Admission Statistics:
ARQs received from originating endpoints: 14
ACFs sent to the originating endpoint: 14
ARJs sent to the originating endpoint: 0
ARJs sent due to overload: 0
Number of concurrent calls: 0
Number of concurrent originating calls: 0
Gatekeeper level Location Statistics:
LRJs sent due to overload: 0
Gatekeeper level Registration Statistics:
Total Registered Endpoints: 4
Gatekeeper level Disengage Statistics:
Gatekeeper viazone message counters:
Table 1 show gatekeeper performance stats Field Descriptions
Field
|
Description
|
inLRQ
|
Message counter associated with the invia keyword. If the invia is a local zone, this counter identifies the number of LRQs terminated by the local invia gatekeeper.
|
infwdLRQ
|
Message counter associated with the invia keyword. If the invia is a remote zone, this counter identifies the number of LRQs that were forwarded to the remote invia gatekeeper.
|
inerrLRQ
|
Message counter associated with the invia keyword. Number of times the LRQ could not be processed because the invia gatekeeper ID could not be found. Usually caused by a misspelled gatekeeper name.
|
outLRQ
|
Message counter associated with the outvia keyword. If the outvia is a local zone, this counter identifies the number of LRQs terminated by the local outvia gatekeeper. This counter applies only in configurations where no invia gatekeeper is specified.
|
outfwdLRQ
|
Message counter associated with the outvia keyword. If the outvia is a remote zone, this counter identifies the number of LRQs that were forwarded to the remote outvia gatekeeper. This counter applies only in configurations where no invia gatekeeper is specified.
|
outerrLRQ
|
Message counter associated with the outvia keyword. Number of times the LRQ could not be processed because the outvia gatekeeper ID could not be found. Usually caused by a misspelled gatekeeper name. This counter applies only in configurations where no invia gatekeeper is specified.
|
outARQ
|
Message counter associated with the outvia keyword. Identifies the number of originating ARQs handled by the local gatekeeper if the outvia is in the local zone.
|
outfwdARQ
|
Message counter associated with the outvia keyword. If the outvia gatekeeper is a remote zone, this number identifies the number of originating ARQs received by this gatekeeper that resulted in LRQs being sent to the outvia gatekeeper.
|
outerrARQ
|
Message counter associated with the outvia keyword. Number of times the originating ARQ could not be processed because the outvia gatekeeper ID could not be found. Usually caused by a misspelled gatekeeper name.
|
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper status Command
Router# show gatekeeper status
Endpoint Throttling: DISABLED
Maximum Remote Bandwidth: unlimited
Current Remote Bandwidth: 0 kbps
Current Remote Bandwidth (w/ Alt GKs): 0 kbps
Sample Output for the show gatekeeper zone status Command
Router# show gatekeeper zone status
GK name Domain Name RAS Address PORT FLAGS
------- ----------- ----------- ----- -----
vepzone 172.19.148.10 172.19.148.209 1719 LSV
invia:vepzone, outvia:vepzone
BANDWIDTH INFORMATION (kbps) :
Maximum total bandwidth : unlimited
Current total bandwidth : 0
Maximum interzone bandwidth : unlimited
Current interzone bandwidth : 0
Maximum session bandwidth : unlimited
All Other Subnets : (Enabled)
PROXY USAGE CONFIGURATION :
Inbound Calls from all other zones :
to terminals in local zone vepzone : do not use proxy
to gateways in local zone vepzone : do not use proxy
to MCUs in local zone vepzone : do not use proxy
Outbound Calls to all other zones :
from terminals in local zone vepzone : do not use proxy
from gateways in local zone vepzone : do not use proxy
from MCUs in local zone vepzone : do not use proxy
Sample Output for the show running-config Command
Router# show running-config
zone local viagk2local1 mcebutest2.example.com 200.1.1.96 invia viagk2 outvia viagk2
enable-intrazone
zone local viagk2 mcebutest.example.com invia viagk2 outvia viagk2 enable-intrazone
zone local viagk2local2 mcebutest2.example.com
zone remote viagk1 mcebutest.example.com 200.1.1.76 1719 invia viagk2 outvia viagk2
zone remote dgk-us mcebutest.example.com 200.1.1.90 1719
zone remote viagk3 mcebutest.example.com 200.1.1.85 1719 invia viagk2 outvia viagk2
zone prefix viagk1 131013720..
zone prefix viagk3 14122351...
gw-type-prefix 7#* default-technology
no use-proxy viagk2local1 default inbound-to terminal
no use-proxy viagk2local1 default outbound-from terminal
no use-proxy viagk2 default inbound-to terminal
no use-proxy viagk2 default outbound-from terminal
Troubleshooting Gatekeeper Configuration and Operation
Caution 
Under moderate traffic loads, these
debug commands produce a high volume of output.
•
Use the debug voip ipipgw command to debug the Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper feature.
•
Use any of the following additional debug commands (listed alphabetically) on the gatekeeper as appropriate:
–
debug gatekeeper call 10
–
debug gatekeeper endpoint 10
–
debug gatekeeper main 10
–
debug gatekeeper zone 10
–
debug h225 asn1
–
debug ras
Note
For examples of show and debug command output and details on interpreting the output, see the following resources:
•
Cisco IOS Debug Command Reference
•
Cisco IOS Voice Troubleshooting and Monitoring Guide
•
Troubleshooting and Debugging VoIP Call Basics
•
VoIP Debug Commands
Configuration Examples for Gatekeepers
This chapter includes the following configuration examples:
•
Universal Gatekeeper Configurations: Example
•
Via-Zone Gatekeeper: Example
Universal Gatekeeper Configurations: Example
The size and complexity of gatekeeper configuration become greater as the number of interoperating gatekeepers increases in the VoIP network. One solution to minimize the configuration complexity of the gatekeepers is to maintain a "master list" of remote zones. With this strategy, the master list is applied to the gatekeeper configuration, and the proper remote zone is changed to be the local zone. For example:
zone remote Scotland example.com 10.18.194.165
zone remote transAtlantic example.com 10.18.194.183
zone remote transPacific example.com 10.18.194.180
zone remote USA example.com 10.18.200.135 outvia transPacific
zone remote Brazil example.com 10.18.194.179
The call flow between USA and Scotland now has calls originating from Scotland to the USA going through a trans-Pacific Cisco UBE and calls from the USA to Scotland going through a trans-Atlantic Cisco UBE.
To add another example, if you want all calls originated from Scotland to be routed through Cisco UBEs in the trans-Atlantic zone, the master file is changed as shown in the following example:
zone remote transAtlantic example.com 10.18.194.183
zone remote transPacific example.com 10.18.194.180
zone remote Scotland example.com 10.18.194.165 outvia transAtlantic
zone remote USA example.com 10.18.200.135 outvia transAtlantic
zone remote Brazil example.com 10.18.194.179
All of the examples shown illustrate the concept of a master gatekeeper configuration. Also, even though the USA and Scotland gatekeepers have a via-zone keyword in their configuration, this does not imply that they have any Cisco UBEs registered to them. Call resolution for Brazil, for example, happens according to the traditional logic for calls originating from the USA and Scotland.
Via-Zone Gatekeeper: Example
Figure 1 shows an example configuration of the Via-zone Gatekeeper feature.
Figure 1 Via-zone Gatekeeper Feature Topology
Originating Gateway Configuration: Example
ip address 10.16.8.132 255.255.255.0
h323-gateway voip interface
h323-gateway voip id GK408 ipaddr 10.16.8.123 1718
h323-gateway voip h323-id GW408
destination-pattern 919.......
Originating Gatekeeper Configuration: Example
zone local GK408 usa 10.16.8.123
zone remote GKVIA usa 10.16.8.24 1719
Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper Configuration: Example
no allow-connections any to pots
no allow-connections pots to any
allow-connections h323 to h323
ip circuit max-calls 1000
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.16.8.145 255.255.255.0
ip route-cache same-interface
h323-gateway voip interface
h323-gateway voip id GKVIA ipaddr 10.16.8.24 1718
h323-gateway voip h323-id IPIPGW
h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 1#
incoming called-number 919.......
destination-pattern 919.......
Via-Zone Gatekeeper Configuration: Example
zone local GKVIA usa 10.16.8.24
zone remote GK919 usa 10.16.8.146 1719 invia GKVIA outvia GKVIA
Terminating Gateway: Example
ip address 10.16.8.134 255.255.255.0
h323-gateway voip interface
h323-gateway voip id GK919 ipaddr 10.16.8.146 1718
h323-gateway voip h323-id GW919
h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 919
destination-pattern 919.......
Terminating Gatekeeper Configuration: Example
zone local GK919 usa 10.16.8.146
gw-type-prefix 1#* default-technology
Additional References
The following sections provide additional references related to the Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper.
Note
•
In addition to the references listed below, each chapter provides additional references related to Cisco Unified Border Element.
•
Some of the products and services mentioned in this guide may have reached end of life, end of sale, or both. Details are available at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/prod_end_of_life.html.
•
The preface and glossary for the entire voice-configuration library suite of documents is listed below.
Related Documents
Related Topic
|
Document Title
|
Cisco IOS commands
|
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
|
Cisco IOS Voice commands
|
Cisco IOS Voice Command Reference
|
Cisco IOS Voice Configuration Library
|
For more information about Cisco IOS voice features, including feature documents, and troubleshooting information—at
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3/vvf_c/ cisco_ios_voice_configuration_library_glossary/vcl.htm
|
Cisco IOS Release 15.0
|
Cisco IOS Release 15.0 Configuration Guides
|
Cisco IOS Release 12.4
|
• Cisco IOS Release 12.4 Configuration Guides
• Cisco IOS Release 12.4T Configuration Guides
|
Cisco IOS Release 12.3
|
• Cisco IOS Release 12.3 documentation
• Cisco IOS Voice commands
• Cisco IOS Voice Troubleshooting and Monitoring Guide
• Tcl IVR Version 2.0 Programming Guide
|
Cisco IOS Release 12.2
|
Cisco IOS Voice, Video, and Fax Configuration Guide, Release 12.2
|
DSP documentation
|
High-Density Packet Voice Feature Card for Cisco AS5350XM and AS5400XM Universal Gateways
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_4t/12_4t11/vfc_dsp.html
|
GKTMP (GK API) Documents
|
• GKTMP Command Reference: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/gktmp/gktmpv4_2 /gk_cli.htm
• GKTMP Messages: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/gktmp/gktmpv4_2/gk_tmp.html
|
internet Low Bitrate Codec (iLBC) Documents
|
• Codecs section of the Dial Peer Configuration on Voice Gateway Routers Guide
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3/vvf_c/dial_peer/ dp_ovrvw.html
• Dial Peer Features and Configuration section of the Dial Peer Configuration on Voice Gateway Routers Guide
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3/vvf_c/dial_peer/ dp_confg.html
|
Cisco Unified Border Element Configuration Examples
|
• Local-to-remote network using the IPIPGW http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_configuration_ example09186a00801b0803.shtml
• Remote-to-local network using the IPIPGW: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/ technologies_configuration_example09186a0080203edc.shtml
• Remote-to-remote network using the IPIPGW: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/ technologies_configuration_example09186a0080203edd.shtml
• Remote-to-remote network using two IPIPGWs: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/ technologies_configuration_example09186a0080203edb.shtml
|
Related Application Guides
|
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Cisco IOS Interoperability Guide
• Cisco IOS Fax, Modem, and Text Support over IP Configuration Guide
• "Configuring T.38 Fax Relay" chapter
• Cisco IOS SIP Configuration Guide
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CallManager) Programming Guides
• Quality of Service for Voice over IP
|
Related Platform Documents
|
• Cisco 2600 Series Multiservice Platforms
• Cisco 2800 Series Integrated Services Routers
• Cisco 3600 Series Multiservice Platforms
• Cisco 3700 Series Multiservice Access Routers
• Cisco 3800 Series Integrated Services Routers
• Cisco 7200 Series Routers
• Cisco 7301
|
Related gateway configuration documentation
|
Media and Signaling Authentication and Encryption Feature for Cisco IOS H.323 Gateways.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_4t/12_4t11/htsecure.htm
|
Cisco IOS NAT Configuration Guide, Release 12.4T
|
Configuring Cisco IOS Hosted NAT Traversal for Session Border Controller
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_4t/ip_addr/configuration/guide/htnatsbc.html
|
Troubleshooting and Debugging guides
|
• Cisco IOS Debug Command Reference, Release 12.4 at
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/debug/command/reference/db_book.html
• Troubleshooting and Debugging VoIP Call Basics at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094045.shtml
• VoIP Debug Commands at
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/1700/1750/software/configuration/guide/debug.html
|
Standards
Standard
|
Title
|
H.323 Version 4 and earlier
|
H.323 (ITU-T VOIP protocols)
|
MIBs
MIB
|
MIBs Link
|
None.
|
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
|
RFCs
RFC
|
Title
|
RFC 2833
|
RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals
|
RFC 3261
|
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
|
Technical Assistance
Description
|
Link
|
The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
To receive security and technical information about your products, you can subscribe to various services, such as the Product Alert Tool (accessed from Field Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter, and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
|
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
|
Feature Information for Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper Configuration Guide
Table 2 lists the features in this module and provides links to specific configuration information. Only features that were introduced or modified in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(13)T3 or a later release appear in the table. Table 2 lists only the Cisco IOS software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given Cisco IOS software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that Cisco IOS software release train also support that feature.
Table 2 Feature Information for Cisco Unified Border Element Overview
Feature Name
|
Release
|
Feature Information
|
Cisco UBE Image Consolidation
|
12.3(7)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Dynamic Control of Gatekeeper Sequential LRQ Processing Through GKTMP
|
12.4(4)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Enhanced ARQ and RRQ Security for Gatekeeper Registrations
|
12.4(15)XY
12.4(20)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Extended InterZone Clear Token
|
12.4(15)XZ
12.4(20)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
H.323 Standard Based Hopcount Field in LRQ.
|
12.4(4)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
In-Service Updates to Gatekeeper Zone Prefix Configuration
|
12.4(6)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
RAS Retry and Timer; Sequential LRQ Timer
|
12.4(4)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Real-Time Call Type Reporting Through GKTMP
|
12.4(4)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Restriction for Video Calls made from a Cisco Unified Communications Manager to an Cisco Unified Border Element
|
12.3(8)T
|
This restriction was added.
|
Support for Cisco 7200 and Cisco 7301
|
12.3(8)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Support for the Cisco 2801
|
12.4(4)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Support for the Cisco 2811, Cisco 2821, Cisco 2851, Cisco 3825, and Cisco 3845
|
12.3(11)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
Unique Calling Party Information with Alternate Endpoints
|
12.4(6)T
|
This feature was introduced.
|
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Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses. Any examples, command display output, and figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.
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