Preparing for Router Installation
This document provides preinstallation information, such as recommendations and requirements that should be before installing your router. See the following sections to prepare for installation:
- Warnings
- Safety Recommendations
- General Site Requirements
- Rack Requirements
- Router Environmental Requirements
- Network Cabling Specifications
- Installation Checklist
- Creating a Site Log
To see translated warnings that appear in this publication, see the Cisco 2900 and 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information document.
Warnings
Warning Statements
Warning
Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install, replace, or service this equipment. Statement 1030
Warning This equipment must be installed and maintained by service personnel as defined by AS/NZS 3260. Incorrectly connecting this equipment to a general-purpose outlet could be hazardous. The telecommunications lines must be disconnected 1) before unplugging the main power connector or 2) while the housing is open, or both. Statement 1043
Warning This unit might have more than one power supply connection. All connections must be removed to de-energize the unit. Statement 1028
Warning Blank faceplates and cover panels serve three important functions: they prevent exposure to hazardous voltages and currents inside the chassis; they contain electromagnetic interference (EMI) that might disrupt other equipment; and they direct the flow of cooling air through the chassis. Do not operate the system unless all cards, faceplates, front covers, and rear covers are in place. Statement 1029
Warning Hazardous network voltages are present in WAN ports regardless of whether power to the unit is OFF or ON. To avoid electric shock, use caution when working near WAN ports. When detaching cables, detach the end away from the unit first. Statement 1026
Warning This equipment must be grounded. Never defeat the ground conductor or operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor. Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you are uncertain that suitable grounding is available. Statement 1024
Warning Before opening the unit, disconnect the telephone-network cables to avoid contact with telephone-network voltages. Statement 1041
Warning Do not use this product near water; for example, near a bath tub, wash bowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool. Statement 1035
Warning Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specifically designed for wet locations. Statement 1036
Warning Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface. Statement 1037
Warning Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Statement 1038
Warning To report a gas leak, do not use a telephone in the vicinity of the leak. Statement 1039
Warning his unit is intended for installation in restricted access areas. A restricted access area can be accessed only through the use of a special tool, lock and key, or other means of security. Statement 1017
Protection from Airborne Pollutants
Cisco ISR platforms are designed for and intended to be deployed/installed in environmentally controlled spaces that maintain ambient conditions meeting the environmental parameters defined in the documentation for the equipment. Sites that subject the equipment to direct exposure to airborne pollutants from sources such as automotive and other vehicular traffic, industrial sites, or other sources that generate pollutants, are not supported. Such exposure may include corrosive materials that can lead to early failure of the equipment.
Safety Recommendations
Follow these guidelines to ensure general safety:
- Keep the chassis area clear and dust-free during and after installation.
- If you remove the chassis cover, put it in a safe place.
- Keep tools and chassis components away from walk areas.
- Do not wear loose clothing that could get caught in the chassis. Fasten your tie or scarf and roll up your sleeves.
- Wear safety glasses when working under conditions that might be hazardous to your eyes.
- Do not perform any action that creates a hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe.
Safety with Electricity
Warning This unit might have more than one power supply connection. All connections must be removed to de-energize the unit. Statement 1028
Warning Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during periods of lightning activity. Statement 1001
Warning Read the installation instructions before connecting the system to the power source. Statement 1004
Warning Blank faceplates and cover panels serve three important functions: they prevent exposure to hazardous voltages and currents inside the chassis; they contain electromagnetic interference (EMI) that might disrupt other equipment; and they direct the flow of cooling air through the chassis. Do not operate the system unless all cards, faceplates, front covers, and rear covers are in place.
Statement 1029
Warning The covers are an integral part of the safety design of the product. Do not operate the unit without the covers installed. Statement 1077
Follow these guidelines when working on equipment powered by electricity:
- Locate the emergency power-off switch in the room in which you are working. If an electrical accident occurs, you can quickly turn off the power.
- Disconnect all power before doing the following:
– Installing or removing a chassis
- Look carefully for possible hazards in your work area, such as moist floors, ungrounded power extension cables, frayed power cords, and missing safety grounds.
- Do not work alone if hazardous conditions exist.
- Never assume that power is disconnected from a circuit. Always check.
- Never open the enclosure of the internal power supply.
- If an electrical accident occurs, proceed as follows:
– Use caution; do not become a victim yourself.
– Turn off power to the device.
– If possible, send another person to get medical aid. Otherwise, assess the condition of the victim and then call for help.
– Determine if the person needs rescue breathing or external cardiac compressions; then take appropriate action.
In addition, use the following guidelines when working with any equipment that is disconnected from a power source but still connected to telephone wiring or other network cabling:
- Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm.
- Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specifically designed for it.
- Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line is disconnected at the network interface.
- Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines.
Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage equipment and impair electrical circuitry. It can occur if electronic printed circuit cards are improperly handled and can cause complete or intermittent failures. Always follow ESD prevention procedures when removing and replacing modules:
- Ensure that the router chassis is electrically connected to ground.
- Wear an ESD-preventive wrist strap, ensuring that it makes good skin contact. Connect the clip to an unpainted surface of the chassis frame to channel unwanted ESD voltages safely to ground. To guard against ESD damage and shocks, the wrist strap and cord must operate effectively.
- If no wrist strap is available, ground yourself by touching a metal part of the chassis.
For the safety of your equipment, periodically check the resistance value of the antistatic strap. It should be between 1 and 10 megohms (Mohm).
General Site Requirements
This section describes the requirements your site must meet for safe installation and operation of your router. Ensure that the site is properly prepared before beginning installation. If you are experiencing shutdowns or unusually high errors with your existing equipment, this section can also help you isolate the cause of failures and prevent future problems.
Rack Requirements
Some Cisco routers include brackets for use with a 19-inch rack or, if specified in your order, optional larger brackets for use with a 23-inch rack.
The following information can help you plan your equipment rack configuration:
- Allow clearance around the rack for maintenance.
- Allow at least one rack unit of vertical space between routers.
- Enclosed racks must have adequate ventilation. Ensure that the rack is not congested, because each router generates heat. An enclosed rack should have louvered sides and a fan to provide cooling air. Heat generated by equipment near the bottom of the rack can be drawn upward into the intake ports of the equipment above it.
- When mounting a chassis in an open rack, ensure that the rack frame does not block the intake or exhaust ports. If the chassis is installed on slides, check the position of the chassis when it is seated in the rack.
Router Environmental Requirements
Cisco 2900 series routers can be placed on a desktop or installed in a rack. The Cisco 2901 router can also be wall mounted. The location of your router and the layout of your equipment rack or wiring room are extremely important considerations for proper operation. Equipment placed too close together, inadequate ventilation, and inaccessible panels can cause malfunctions and shutdowns, and can make maintenance difficult. Plan for access to both front and rear panels of the router.
When planning your site layout and equipment locations, refer to the “General Site Requirements” section, section. If you are currently experiencing shutdowns or an unusually high number of errors with your existing equipment, these precautions and recommendations may help you isolate the cause of failure and prevent future problems.
- Ensure that the room where your router operates has adequate air circulation. Electrical equipment generates heat. Without adequate air circulation, ambient air temperature may not cool equipment to acceptable operating temperatures.
- Always follow ESD-prevention procedures described in the “Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage” section to avoid damage to equipment. Damage from static discharge can cause immediate or intermittent equipment failure.
- Ensure that the chassis cover and module rear panels are secure. All empty network module slots, interface card slots, and power supply bays must have filler panels installed. The chassis is designed to allow cooling air to flow within it, through specially designed cooling slots. A chassis with uncovered openings permits air leaks, which may interrupt and reduce the flow of air across internal components.
- Baffles can help to isolate exhaust air from intake air, which also helps to draw cooling air through the chassis. The best placement of the baffles depends on the airflow patterns in the rack, which can be found by experimenting with different configurations.
- When equipment installed in a rack (particularly in an enclosed rack) fails, try operating the equipment by itself, if possible. Power off other equipment in the rack (and in adjacent racks) to allow the router under test a maximum of cooling air and clean power.
Power Guidelines and Requirements
Check the power at your site to ensure that you are receiving “clean” power (free of spikes and noise). Install a power conditioner if necessary.
The AC power supply includes the following features:
- Autoselects either 110 V or 220 V operation.
- All units include a 6-foot (1.8-meter) electrical power cord. (A label near the power inlet indicates the correct voltage, frequency [AC-powered systems only], current draw, and power dissipation for the unit.)
For the power requirements for the Cisco 2900 and 3900 series routers, see the specifications table for each router model, which can be found at the following link:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2900/hardware/installation/guide/Overview.html#wp1207121
Network Cabling Specifications
The following sections describe the cables needed to install your Cisco 2900 and 3900 series ISR in the following sections:
Console and Auxiliary Port Considerations
The router includes an asynchronous serial console port and an auxiliary port. The console and auxiliary ports provide access to the router either locally using a console terminal connected to the console port, or remotely using a modem connected to the auxiliary port. This section discusses important cabling information to consider before connecting the router to a console terminal or modem.
The main difference between the console and auxiliary ports is that the auxiliary port supports hardware flow control and the console port does not. Flow control paces the transmission of data between a sending device and a receiving device. Flow control ensures that the receiving device can absorb the data sent to it before the sending device sends more. When the buffers on the receiving device are full, a message is sent to the sending device to suspend transmission until the data in the buffers has been processed. Because the auxiliary port supports flow control, it is ideally suited for use with the high-speed transmissions of a modem. Console terminals send data at speeds slower than modems do; therefore, the console port is ideally suited for use with console terminals.
Console Port Connections
The router has both EIA/TIA-232 asynchronous (RJ-45) and USB 5-pin mini Type B, 2.0 compliant serial console ports. The console ports do not have any hardware flow control. Shielded USB cables with properly terminated shields are recommended.
EIA/TIA-232
Depending on the cable and the adapter used, this port appears as a DTE or DCE device at the end of the cable. Only one port can be used at the same time.
The default parameters for the console port are 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. The console port does not support hardware flow control. For detailed information about installing a console terminal, see the “Connecting to a Console Terminal or Modem” section.
For cable and port pinouts, see the Cisco Modular Access Router Cable Specifications document located at Cisco.com.
USB Serial Console
The USB serial console port connects directly to the USB connector of a PC using a USB Type A to 5-pin mini USB Type-B cable. The USB Console supports full speed (12Mb/s) operation. The console port does not support hardware flow control.
Note Always use shielded USB cables with a properly terminated shield.
The default parameters for the console port are 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. The console port does not support mode control. For detailed information about installing a console terminal, see the “Connecting to a Console Terminal or Modem” section.
For operation with Microsoft Windows, the Cisco Windows USB Console Driver must be installed on any PC connected to the console port. If the driver is not installed, prompts guide you through a simple installation process. For detailed information about installing the Cisco Windows USB Console Driver see “Installing the Cisco Microsoft Windows USB Device Driver” section.
The Cisco Windows USB Console Driver allows plugging and unplugging the USB cable from the console port without affecting Windows HyperTerminal operations. No special drivers are needed for Mac OS X or Linux.
Only one console port can be active at a time. When a cable is plugged into the USB console port, the RJ-45 port becomes inactive. Conversely, when the USB cable is removed from the USB port, the RJ-45 port becomes active.
Baud rates for the USB console port are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 bps.
Note 4-pin mini USB Type-B connectors are easily confused with 5-pin mini USB Type-B connectors. Only the 5-pin mini USB Type-B is supported.
Auxiliary Port Connections
The router has an EIA/TIA-232 asynchronous serial auxiliary port (RJ-45) that supports flow control. Depending on the cable and the adapter used, this port appears as a DTE or DCE device at the end of the cable.
For connection to a modem, your router is provided with an RJ-45-to-DB-25 adapter cable. (A DB-9-to-DB-25 adapter is also included with the Cisco 2901 router.)
For detailed information about connecting devices to the auxiliary port, see the “Connecting to a Console Terminal or Modem” section.
For cable and port pinouts, see the Cisco Modular Access Router Cable Specifications document at Cisco.com.
Preparing for Network Connections
When setting up your router, consider distance limitations and potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) as defined by the applicable local and international regulations.
Network connection considerations are provided for several types of network interfaces and are described in the following sections:
See the following online document for more information about network connections and interfaces:
Warning To avoid electric shock, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits. LAN ports contain SELV circuits, and WAN ports contain TNV circuits. Some LAN and WAN ports both use RJ-45 connectors. Statement 1021
Ethernet Connections
The IEEE has established Ethernet as standard IEEE 802.3. Cisco 2900 series routers support the following Ethernet implementations:
- 1000BASE-T—1000 Mb/s full-duplex transmission over a Category 5 or better unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable. Supports the Ethernet maximum length of 328 feet (100 meters).
- 100BASE-T—100 Mb/s full-duplex transmission over a Category 5 or better unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable. Supports the Ethernet maximum length of 328 feet (100 meters).
- 10BASE-T—10 Mb/s full-duplex transmission over a Category 5 or better unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable. Supports the Ethernet maximum length of 328 feet (100 meters).
See the Cisco Modular Access Router Cable Specifications document at Cisco.com for information about Ethernet cables, connectors, and pinouts.
Serial Connections
Serial connections are provided by WAN interface cards and network modules. Before you connect a device to a serial port, you need to know the following:
Configuring Serial Connections
The serial ports on the asynchronous/synchronous serial network modules and the serial WAN interface card use DB-60 connectors. Serial ports can be configured as DTE or DCE, depending on the serial cable used.
Serial DTE or DCE Devices
A device that communicates over a synchronous serial interface is either a DTE or DCE device. A DCE device provides a clock signal that paces the communications between the device and the router. A DTE device does not provide a clock signal. DTE devices usually connect to DCE devices. The documentation that accompanied the device should indicate whether it is a DTE or DCE device. (Some devices have a jumper to select either DTE or DCE mode.) Table 2-1 lists typical DTE and DCE devices.
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Male1 |
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Female2 |
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1.If pins protrude from the base of the connector, the connector is male. 2.If the connector has holes to accept pins, the connector is female. |
Signaling Standards Supported
The synchronous serial ports available for the router support the following signaling standards: they are EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, and EIA-530. You can order a Cisco DB-60 shielded serial transition cable that has the appropriate connector for the standard you specify. The documentation for the device you want to connect should indicate the standard used for that device. The router end of the shielded serial transition cable has a DB-60 connector, which connects to the DB-60 port on a serial WAN interface card. The other end of the serial transition cable is available with a connector appropriate for the standard you specify.
The synchronous serial port can be configured as DTE or DCE, depending on the attached cable (except EIA-530, which is DTE only).
All serial ports configured as DTE require external clocking from a CSU/DSU or other DCE device.
Although manufacturing your own serial cables is not recommended (because of the small size of the pins on the DB-60 serial connector), cable pinouts are provided in the Cisco Modular Access Router Cable Specifications document.
Distance Limitations
Serial signals can travel a limited distance at any given bit rate; generally, the slower the data rate, the greater the distance. All serial signals are subject to distance limits, beyond which a signal significantly degrades or is completely lost.
Note Only the serial WAN interface card supports bit rates above 128 Kbps.
Table 2-2 lists the recommended maximum speeds and distances for each serial interface type; however, you might get good results at speeds and distances greater than those listed, if you understand the electrical problems that might arise and can compensate for them. For instance, the recommended maximum rate for V.35 is 2 Mb/s, but 4 Mb/s is commonly used.
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Balanced drivers allow EIA/TIA-449 signals to travel greater distances than EIA/TIA-232 signals. The recommended distance limits for EIA/TIA-449 shown in Table 2-2 are also valid for V.35, X.21, and EIA-530. Typically, EIA/TIA-449 and EIA-530 can support 2-Mb/s rates, and V.35 can support 4-Mb/s rates.
Asynchronous/Synchronous Serial Module Baud Rates
The following baud-rate limitations apply to the slow-speed serial interfaces found in the asynchronous/synchronous serial modules:
ISDN BRI Connections
BRI WAN interface cards provide ISDN BRI connections. The BRI modules and BRI WAN interface cards are available with either an S/T interface that requires an external Network Terminator 1 (NT1), or a U interface that has a built-in NT1.
You can install the BRI modules in any available slot in the chassis.
Warning Hazardous network voltages are present in WAN ports regardless of whether power to the unit is OFF or ON. To avoid electric shock, use caution when working near WAN ports. When detaching cables, detach the end away from the unit first. Statement 1026
Use a BRI cable (not included) to connect the BRI WAN interface card directly to an ISDN. Table 2-3 lists the specifications for ISDN BRI cables. Also, see the Cisco Modular Access Router Cable Specifications document at Cisco.com for pinouts.
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120 nF3/km |
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CSU/DSU Connections
CSU/DSU WAN interface cards (WICs) are available to provide switched-56-kbps connections or full or fractionalized T1 connections.
For more information on CSU/DSU WICs, see the online documents at Cisco.com.
Required Tools and Equipment for Installation and Maintenance
Warning Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install, replace, or service this equipment. Statement 1030
Warning This equipment must be installed and maintained by service personnel as defined by AS/NZS 3260. Incorrectly connecting this equipment to a general-purpose outlet could be hazardous. The telecommunications lines must be disconnected 1) before unplugging the main power connector or 2) while the housing is open, or both. Statement 1043
You need the following tools and equipment to install and upgrade the router and its components:
- ESD-preventive cord and wrist strap
- Number 2 Phillips screwdriver
- Torx T-15 screwdriver
- Phillips screwdrivers: small, 3/16-in. (4 to 5 mm) and medium, 1/4-in. (6 to 7 mm)
– To install or remove modules
– To remove the cover, if you are upgrading memory or other components
– AWG 6 (13 mm 2) wire for NEBS-compliant chassis grounding
– AWG 14 (2 mm 2) or larger wire for NEC-compliant chassis grounding
– AWG 18 (1 mm 2) or larger wire for EN/IEC 60950-compliant chassis grounding
- For NEC-compliant grounding, an appropriate user-supplied ring terminal, with an inner diameter of 1/4 in. (5 to 7 mm)
In addition, depending on the type of modules you plan to use, you might need the following equipment to connect a port to an external network:
Note For more information on cable specifications, see the Cisco Modular Access Router Cable Specifications document at Cisco.com.
- Ethernet hub or PC with a network interface card for connection to an Ethernet (LAN) port.
- Console terminal (an ASCII terminal or a PC running HyperTerminal or similar terminal emulation software) configured for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no flow control, and no parity.
- Modem for connection to the auxiliary port for remote administrative access (optional).
- Data service unit (DSU) or channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU) as appropriate for serial interfaces.
- External CSU for any CT1/PRI modules without a built-in CSU.
- NT1 device for ISDN BRI S/T interfaces (if not supplied by your service provider).
Installation Checklist
The sample installation checklist lists items and procedures for installing a new router. Make a copy of this checklist and mark the entries when completed. Include a copy of the checklist for each router in your site log (described in the next section, “Creating a Site Log”).
Creating a Site Log
The Site Log provides a record of all actions related to the router. Keep it in an accessible place near the chassis where anyone who performs tasks has access to it. Use the installation checklist to verify steps in the installation and maintenance of the router. Site Log entries might include the following information:
- Installation progress—Make a copy of the installation checklist and insert it into the site log. Make entries as each procedure is completed.
- Upgrade and maintenance procedures—Use the site log as a record of ongoing router maintenance and expansion history. A site log might include the following events:
– Installation of network modules
– Removal or replacement of network modules and other upgrades
– Maintenance schedules and requirements
– Maintenance procedures performed
Inspect all items for shipping damage. If anything appears to be damaged or if you encounter problems installing or configuring your router, contact customer service. Warranty, service, and support information is in the quick start guide that shipped with your router, or in the Preface of this guide. See the “Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request” section.
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