Catalyst 2960 Switch Software Configuration Guide, Rel. 12.2(40)SE

Configuring Network Security with ACLs

This chapter describes how to configure network security on the Catalyst 2960 switch by using access control lists (ACLs), which in commands and tables are also referred to as access lists.

Note Information in this chapter about IP ACLs is specific to IP Version 4 (IPv4).

For complete syntax and usage information for the commands used in this chapter, see the command reference for this release, the "Configuring IP Services" section in the "IP Addressing and Services" chapter of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide, Release 12.2, and the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services, Release 12.2. The Cisco IOS documentation is available from the Cisco.com page under Documentation > Cisco IOS Software > 12.2 Mainline > Configuration Guides or Command References.

This chapter consists of these sections:

•Understanding ACLs

•Configuring IPv4 ACLs

•Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs

•Displaying IPv4 ACL Configuration

Understanding ACLs

Packet filtering can help limit network traffic and restrict network use by certain users or devices. ACLs filter traffic as it passes through a switch and permit or deny packets crossing specified interfaces. An ACL is a sequential collection of permit and deny conditions that apply to packets. When a packet is received on an interface, the switch compares the fields in the packet against any applied ACLs to verify that the packet has the required permissions to be forwarded, based on the criteria specified in the access lists. One by one, it tests packets against the conditions in an access list. The first match decides whether the switch accepts or rejects the packets. Because the switch stops testing after the first match, the order of conditions in the list is critical. If no conditions match, the switch rejects the packet. If there are no restrictions, the switch forwards the packet; otherwise, the switch drops the packet. The switch can use ACLs on all packets it forwards.

You configure access lists on a switch to provide basic security for your network. If you do not configure ACLs, all packets passing through the switch could be allowed onto all parts of the network. You can use ACLs to control which hosts can access different parts of a network or to decide which types of traffic are forwarded or blocked. For example, you can allow e-mail traffic to be forwarded but not Telnet traffic.

An ACL contains an ordered list of access control entries (ACEs). Each ACE specifies permit or deny and a set of conditions the packet must satisfy in order to match the ACE. The meaning of permit or deny depends on the context in which the ACL is used.

The switch supports IP ACLs and Ethernet (MAC) ACLs:

•IP ACLs filter IPv4 traffic, including TCP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

•Ethernet ACLs filter non-IP traffic.

This switch also supports quality of service (QoS) classification ACLs. For more information, see the "Classification Based on QoS ACLs" section on page 35-7.

These sections contain this conceptual information:

•Port ACLs

•Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic

Port ACLs

Port ACLs are ACLs that are applied to Layer 2 interfaces on a switch. Port ACLs are supported only on physical interfaces and not on EtherChannel interfaces and can be applied only on interfaces in the inbound direction. These access lists are supported:

•Standard IP access lists using source addresses

•Extended IP access lists using source and destination addresses and optional protocol type information

•MAC extended access lists using source and destination MAC addresses and optional protocol type information

The switch examines ACLs associated with all inbound features configured on a given interface and permits or denies packet forwarding based on how the packet matches the entries in the ACL. In this way, ACLs control access to a network or to part of a network. Figure 34-1 is an example of using port ACLs to control access to a network when all workstations are in the same VLAN. ACLs applied at the Layer 2 input would allow Host A to access the Human Resources network, but prevent Host B from accessing the same network. Port ACLs can only be applied to Layer 2 interfaces in the inbound direction.

Figure 34-1 Using ACLs to Control Traffic to a Network

When you apply a port ACL to a trunk port, the ACL filters traffic on all VLANs present on the trunk port. When you apply a port ACL to a port with voice VLAN, the ACL filters traffic on both data and voice VLANs.

With port ACLs, you can filter IP traffic by using IP access lists and non-IP traffic by using MAC addresses. You can filter both IP and non-IP traffic on the same Layer 2 interface by applying both an IP access list and a MAC access list to the interface.

Note You cannot apply more than one IP access list and one MAC access list to a Layer 2 interface. If an IP access list or MAC access list is already configured on a Layer 2 interface and you apply a new IP access list or MAC access list to the interface, the new ACL replaces the previously configured one.

Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic

IP packets can be fragmented as they cross the network. When this happens, only the fragment containing the beginning of the packet contains the Layer 4 information, such as TCP or UDP port numbers, ICMP type and code, and so on. All other fragments are missing this information.

Some ACEs do not check Layer 4 information and therefore can be applied to all packet fragments. ACEs that do test Layer 4 information cannot be applied in the standard manner to most of the fragments in a fragmented IP packet. When the fragment contains no Layer 4 information and the ACE tests some Layer 4 information, the matching rules are modified:

•Permit ACEs that check the Layer 3 information in the fragment (including protocol type, such as TCP, UDP, and so on) are considered to match the fragment regardless of what the missing Layer 4 information might have been.

•Deny ACEs that check Layer 4 information never match a fragment unless the fragment contains Layer 4 information.

Consider access list 102, configured with these commands, applied to three fragmented packets:

Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any host 10.1.1.1 eq smtp

Switch(config)# access-list 102 deny tcp any host 10.1.1.2 eq telnet

Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any host 10.1.1.2 

Switch(config)# access-list 102 deny tcp any any

Note In the first and second ACEs in the examples, the eq keyword after the destination address means to test for the TCP-destination-port well-known numbers equaling Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Telnet, respectively.

•Packet A is a TCP packet from host 10.2.2.2., port 65000, going to host 10.1.1.1 on the SMTP port. If this packet is fragmented, the first fragment matches the first ACE (a permit) as if it were a complete packet because all Layer 4 information is present. The remaining fragments also match the first ACE, even though they do not contain the SMTP port information, because the first ACE only checks Layer 3 information when applied to fragments. The information in this example is that the packet is TCP and that the destination is 10.1.1.1.

•Packet B is from host 10.2.2.2, port 65001, going to host 10.1.1.2 on the Telnet port. If this packet is fragmented, the first fragment matches the second ACE (a deny) because all Layer 3 and Layer 4 information is present. The remaining fragments in the packet do not match the second ACE because they are missing Layer 4 information. Instead, they match the third ACE (a permit).

Because the first fragment was denied, host 10.1.1.2 cannot reassemble a complete packet, so packet B is effectively denied. However, the later fragments that are permitted will consume bandwidth on the network and resources of host 10.1.1.2 as it tries to reassemble the packet.

•Fragmented packet C is from host 10.2.2.2, port 65001, going to host 10.1.1.3, port ftp. If this packet is fragmented, the first fragment matches the fourth ACE (a deny). All other fragments also match the fourth ACE because that ACE does not check any Layer 4 information and because Layer 3 information in all fragments shows that they are being sent to host 10.1.1.3, and the earlier permit ACEs were checking different hosts.

Configuring IPv4 ACLs

Configuring IP v4ACLs on the switch is the same as configuring IPv4 ACLs on other Cisco switches and routers. The process is briefly described here. For more detailed information on configuring ACLs, see the "Configuring IP Services" section in the "IP Addressing and Services" chapter of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide, Release 12.2. For detailed information about the commands, see the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services, Release 12.2. The Cisco IOS documentation is available from the Cisco.com page under Documentation > Cisco IOS Software > 12.2 Mainline > Configuration Guides or Command References.

The switch does not support these Cisco IOS router ACL-related features:

•Non-IP protocol ACLs (see Table 34-1) or bridge-group ACLs

•IP accounting

•Inbound and outbound rate limiting (except with QoS ACLs)

•Reflexive ACLs or dynamic ACLs (except for some specialized dynamic ACLs used by the switch clustering feature)

•ACL logging

These are the steps to use IP ACLs on the switch:

Step 1 Create an ACL by specifying an access list number or name and the access conditions.

Step 2 Apply the ACL to interfaces or terminal lines.

These sections contain this configuration information:

•Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs

•Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line

•Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface

•Hardware and Software Treatment of IP ACLs

•IPv4 ACL Configuration Examples

Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs

This section describes IP ACLs. An ACL is a sequential collection of permit and deny conditions. One by one, the switch tests packets against the conditions in an access list. The first match determines whether the switch accepts or rejects the packet. Because the switch stops testing after the first match, the order of the conditions is critical. If no conditions match, the switch denies the packet.

The software supports these types of ACLs or access lists for IPv4:

•Standard IP access lists use source addresses for matching operations.

•Extended IP access lists use source and destination addresses for matching operations and optional protocol-type information for finer granularity of control.

These sections describe access lists and how to create them:

•Access List Numbers

•Creating a Numbered Standard ACL

•Creating a Numbered Extended ACL

•Resequencing ACEs in an ACL

•Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs

•Using Time Ranges with ACLs

•Including Comments in ACLs

Access List Numbers

The number you use to denote your ACL shows the type of access list that you are creating. Table 34-1 lists the access-list number and corresponding access list type and shows whether or not they are supported in the switch. The switch supports IPv4 standard and extended access lists, numbers 1 to 199 and 1300 to 2699.

Note In addition to numbered standard and extended ACLs, you can also create standard and extended named IP ACLs by using the supported numbers. That is, the name of a standard IP ACL can be 1 to 99; the name of an extended IP ACL can be 100 to 199. The advantage of using named ACLs instead of numbered lists is that you can delete individual entries from a named list.

Creating a Numbered Standard ACL

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create a numbered standard ACL:

Use the no access-list access-list-number global configuration command to delete the entire ACL. You cannot delete individual ACEs from numbered access lists.

Note When creating an ACL, remember that, by default, the end of the ACL contains an implicit deny statement for all packets that it did not find a match for before reaching the end. With standard access lists, if you omit the mask from an associated IP host address ACL specification, 0.0.0.0 is assumed to be the mask.

This example shows how to create a standard ACL to deny access to IP host 171.69.198.102, permit access to any others, and display the results.

Switch (config)# access-list 2 deny host 171.69.198.102

Switch (config)# access-list 2 permit any

Switch(config)# end 

Switch# show access-lists

Standard IP access list 2

    10 deny   171.69.198.102

    20 permit any

The switch always rewrites the order of standard access lists so that entries with host matches and entries with matches having a don't care mask of 0.0.0.0 are moved to the top of the list, above any entries with non-zero don't care masks. Therefore, in show command output and in the configuration file, the ACEs do not necessarily appear in the order in which they were entered.

After creating a numbered standard IPv4 ACL, you can apply it to terminal lines (see the "Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line" section) and to interfaces (see the "Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface" section).

Creating a Numbered Extended ACL

Although standard ACLs use only source addresses for matching, you can use extended ACL source and destination addresses for matching operations and optional protocol type information for finer granularity of control. When you are creating ACEs in numbered extended access lists, remember that after you create the ACL, any additions are placed at the end of the list. You cannot reorder the list or selectively add or remove ACEs from a numbered list.

Some protocols also have specific parameters and keywords that apply to that protocol.

These IP protocols are supported (protocol keywords are in parentheses in bold):

Authentication Header Protocol (ahp), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (eigrp), Encapsulation Security Payload (esp), generic routing encapsulation (gre), Internet Control Message Protocol (icmp), Internet Group Management Protocol (igmp), any Interior Protocol (ip), IP in IP tunneling (ipinip), KA9Q NOS-compatible IP over IP tunneling (nos), Open Shortest Path First routing (ospf), Payload Compression Protocol (pcp), Protocol Independent Multicast (pim), Transmission Control Protocol (tcp), or User Datagram Protocol (udp).

Note ICMP echo-reply cannot be filtered. All other ICMP codes or types can be filtered.

For more details on the specific keywords for each protocol, see these command references:

•Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services, Release 12.2

•Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols, Release 12.2

•Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 3 of 3: Multicast, Release 12.2

These documents are available from the Cisco.com page under Documentation > Cisco IOS Software > 12.2 Mainline > Command References.

Note The switch does not support dynamic or reflexive access lists. It also does not support filtering based on the type of service (ToS) minimize-monetary-cost bit.

Supported parameters can be grouped into these categories: TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, or other IP.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create an extended ACL:

Use the no access-list access-list-number global configuration command to delete the entire access list. You cannot delete individual ACEs from numbered access lists.

This example shows how to create and display an extended access list to deny Telnet access from any host in network 171.69.198.0 to any host in network 172.20.52.0 and to permit any others. (The eq keyword after the destination address means to test for the TCP destination port number equaling Telnet.)

Switch(config)# access-list 102 deny tcp 171.69.198.0 0.0.0.255 172.20.52.0 0.0.0.255 eq 
telnet

Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any any 

Switch(config)# end 

Switch# show access-lists

Extended IP access list 102

    10 deny tcp 171.69.198.0 0.0.0.255 172.20.52.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet

    20 permit tcp any any

After an ACL is created, any additions (possibly entered from the terminal) are placed at the end of the list. You cannot selectively add or remove access list entries from a numbered access list.

Note When you are creating an ACL, remember that, by default, the end of the access list contains an implicit deny statement for all packets if it did not find a match before reaching the end.

After creating a numbered extended ACL, you can apply it to terminal lines (see the "Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line" section), to interfaces (see the "Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface" section).

Resequencing ACEs in an ACL

Sequence numbers for the entries in an access list are automatically generated when you create a new ACL. You can use the ip access-list resequence global configuration command to edit the sequence numbers in an ACL and change the order in which ACEs are applied. For example, if you add a new ACE to an ACL, it is placed at the bottom of the list. By changing the sequence number, you can move the ACE to a different position in the ACL.

For more information about the ip access-list resequence command, see this URL:

http://preview.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1838/products_feature_guide09186a0080134a60.html

Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs

You can identify IPv4 ACLs with an alphanumeric string (a name) rather than a number. You can use named ACLs to configure more IPv4 access lists in a router than if you were to use numbered access lists. If you identify your access list with a name rather than a number, the mode and command syntax are slightly different. However, not all commands that use IP access lists accept a named access list.

Note The name you give to a standard or extended ACL can also be a number in the supported range of access list numbers. That is, the name of a standard IP ACL can be 1 to 99; the name of an extended IP ACL can be 100 to 199. The advantage of using named ACLs instead of numbered lists is that you can delete individual entries from a named list.

Consider these guidelines and limitations before configuring named ACLs:

•Not all commands that accept a numbered ACL accept a named ACL. ACLs for packet filters and route filters on interfaces can use a name.

•A standard ACL and an extended ACL cannot have the same name.

•Numbered ACLs are also available, as described in the "Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs" section.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create a standard ACL using names:

To remove a named standard ACL, use the no ip access-list standard name global configuration command.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create an extended ACL using names:

To remove a named extended ACL, use the no ip access-list extended name global configuration command.

When you are creating standard extended ACLs, remember that, by default, the end of the ACL contains an implicit deny statement for everything if it did not find a match before reaching the end. For standard ACLs, if you omit the mask from an associated IP host address access list specification, 0.0.0.0 is assumed to be the mask.

After you create an ACL, any additions are placed at the end of the list. You cannot selectively add ACL entries to a specific ACL. However, you can use no permit and no deny access-list configuration mode commands to remove entries from a named ACL. This example shows how you can delete individual ACEs from the named access list border-list:

Switch(config)# ip access-list extended border-list

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# no permit ip host 10.1.1.3 any

Being able to selectively remove lines from a named ACL is one reason you might use named ACLs instead of numbered ACLs.

After creating a named ACL, you can apply it to interfaces (see the "Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface" section).

Using Time Ranges with ACLs

You can selectively apply extended ACLs based on the time of day and the week by using the time-range global configuration command. First, define a time-range name and set the times and the dates or the days of the week in the time range. Then enter the time-range name when applying an ACL to set restrictions to the access list. You can use the time range to define when the permit or deny statements in the ACL are in effect, for example, during a specified time period or on specified days of the week. The time-range keyword and argument are referenced in the named and numbered extended ACL task tables in the previous sections, the "Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs" section, and the "Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs" section.

Time-based access lists trigger CPU activity because the new configuration of the access list must be merged with other features and the combined configuration loaded into the TCAM. For this reason, you should be careful not to have several access lists configured to take affect in close succession (within a small number of minutes of each other.)

Note The time range relies on the switch system clock; therefore, you need a reliable clock source. We recommend that you use Network Time Protocol (NTP) to synchronize the switch clock. For more information, see the "Managing the System Time and Date" section on page 7-1.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure a time-range parameter for an ACL:

Repeat the steps if you have multiple items that you want in effect at different times.

To remove a configured time-range limitation, use the no time-range time-range-name global configuration command.

This example shows how to configure time ranges for workhours and to configure January 1, 2006, as a company holiday and to verify your configuration.

Switch(config)# time-range workhours

Switch(config-time-range)# periodic weekdays 8:00 to 12:00

Switch(config-time-range)# periodic weekdays 13:00 to 17:00

Switch(config-time-range)# exit

Switch(config)# time-range new_year_day_2006

Switch(config-time-range)# absolute start 00:00 1 Jan 2006 end 23:59 1 Jan 2006

Switch(config-time-range)# end

Switch# show time-range

time-range entry: new_year_day_2003 (inactive)

   absolute start 00:00 01 January 2006 end 23:59 01 January 2006

time-range entry: workhours (inactive)

   periodic weekdays 8:00 to 12:00

   periodic weekdays 13:00 to 17:00 

To apply a time range, enter the time-range name in an extended ACL that can implement time ranges. This example shows how to create and verify extended access list 188 that denies TCP traffic from any source to any destination during the defined holiday times and permits all TCP traffic during work hours.

Switch(config)# access-list 188 deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006

Switch(config)# access-list 188 permit tcp any any time-range workhours

Switch(config)# end

Switch# show access-lists

Extended IP access list 188

   10 deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006 (inactive)

   20 permit tcp any any time-range workhours (inactive) 

This example uses named ACLs to permit and deny the same traffic.

Switch(config)# ip access-list extended deny_access

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# exit

Switch(config)# ip access-list extended may_access

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp any any time-range workhours

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# end

Switch# show ip access-lists

Extended IP access list lpip_default

    10 permit ip any any

Extended IP access list deny_access

    10 deny tcp any any time-range new_year_day_2006 (inactive)

Extended IP access list may_access

    10 permit tcp any any time-range workhours (inactive) 

Including Comments in ACLs

You can use the remark keyword to include comments (remarks) about entries in any IP standard or extended ACL. The remarks make the ACL easier for you to understand and scan. Each remark line is limited to 100 characters.

The remark can go before or after a permit or deny statement. You should be consistent about where you put the remark so that it is clear which remark describes which permit or deny statement. For example, it would be confusing to have some remarks before the associated permit or deny statements and some remarks after the associated statements.

To include a comment for IP numbered standard or extended ACLs, use the access-list access-list number remark remark global configuration command. To remove the remark, use the no form of this command.

In this example, the workstation that belongs to Jones is allowed access, and the workstation that belongs to Smith is not allowed access:

Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Permit only Jones workstation through

Switch(config)# access-list 1 permit 171.69.2.88

Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Do not allow Smith through

Switch(config)# access-list 1 deny 171.69.3.13

For an entry in a named IP ACL, use the remark access-list configuration command. To remove the remark, use the no form of this command.

In this example, the Jones subnet is not allowed to use outbound Telnet:

Switch(config)# ip access-list extended telnetting

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# remark Do not allow Jones subnet to telnet out

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp host 171.69.2.88 any eq telnet

Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line

You can use numbered ACLs to control access to one or more terminal lines. You cannot apply named ACLs to lines. You must set identical restrictions on all the virtual terminal lines because a user can attempt to connect to any of them.

For procedures for applying ACLs to interfaces, see the "Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface" section.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to restrict incoming and outgoing connections between a virtual terminal line and the addresses in an ACL:

To remove an ACL from a terminal line, use the no access-class access-list-number {in | out} line configuration command.

Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface

This section describes how to apply IPv4 ACLs to network interfaces. Note these guidelines:

•Apply an ACL only to inbound Layer 2 interfaces.

•When controlling access to an interface, you can use a named or numbered ACL.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to control access to an interface:

To remove the specified access group, use the no ip access-group {access-list-number | name} {in} interface configuration command.

This example shows how to apply access list 2 to a port to filter packets entering the port:

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1

Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 2 in

For inbound ACLs, after receiving a packet, the switch checks the packet against the ACL. If the ACL permits the packet, the switch continues to process the packet. If the ACL rejects the packet, the switch discards the packet.

When you apply an undefined ACL to an interface, the switch acts as if the ACL has not been applied to the interface and permits all packets. Remember this behavior if you use undefined ACLs for network security.

Hardware and Software Treatment of IP ACLs

ACL processing is primarily accomplished in hardware, but requires forwarding of some traffic flows to the CPU for software processing. If the hardware reaches its capacity to store ACL configurations, packets are sent to the CPU for forwarding. The forwarding rate for software-forwarded traffic is substantially less than for hardware-forwarded traffic.

If ACLs cause large numbers of packets to be sent to the CPU, the switch performance can be negatively affected.

When you enter the show ip access-lists privileged EXEC command, the match count displayed does not account for packets that are access controlled in hardware. Use the show access-lists hardware counters privileged EXEC command to obtain some basic hardware ACL statistics for switched packets.

IPv4 ACL Configuration Examples

This section provides examples of configuring and applying IPv4 ACLs. For detailed information about compiling ACLs, see the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide, Release 12.2 and to the Configuring IP Services" section in the "IP Addressing and Services" chapter of the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide, Release 12.2.

This example uses a standard ACL to allow a port access to a specific Internet host with the address 172.20.128.64.

Switch(config)# access-list 6 permit 172.20.128.64 0.0.0

Switch(config)# end

Switch# show access-lists

Standard IP access list 6

   10 permit 172.20.128.64 wildcard bits 0.0.0.0

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1

Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 6 in

This example uses an extended ACL to deny to a port traffic coming from port 80 (HTTP). It permits all other types of traffic.

Switch(config)# access-list 106 deny tcp any any eq 80

Switch(config)# access-list 106 permit ip any any 

Switch(config)# end

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1

Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 106 in

Numbered ACLs

This ACL accepts addresses on network 36.0.0.0 subnets and denies all packets coming from 56.0.0.0 subnets. The ACL is applied to packets entering a port.

Switch(config)# access-list 2 permit 36.0.0.0 0.255.255.255

Switch(config)# access-list 2 deny 56.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1

Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 2 in

Extended ACLs

In this example, suppose that you have a network connected to the Internet, and you want any host on the network to be able to form TCP connections to any host on the Internet. However, you do not want IP hosts to be able to form TCP connections to hosts on your network, except to the mail (SMTP) port of a dedicated mail host.

SMTP uses TCP port 25 on one end of the connection and a random port number on the other end. The same port numbers are used throughout the life of the connection. Mail packets coming in from the Internet have a destination port of 25. Because the secure system of the network always accepts mail connections on port 25, the incoming services are controlled.

Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any 128.88.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 23

Switch(config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any 128.88.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq 25

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1

Switch(config-if)# ip access-group 102 in

Named ACLs

This example creates an extended ACL named marketing_group. The marketing_group ACL allows any TCP Telnet traffic to the destination address and wildcard 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255 and denies any other TCP traffic. It permits any other IP traffic.

Switch(config)# ip access-list extended marketing_group

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp any 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq telnet

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit ip any any

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# exit

The marketing_group ACL is applied to incoming traffic on a port.

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2

Switch(config-if)# ip access-group marketing_group in

Time Range Applied to an IP ACL

This example denies HTTP traffic on IP on Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m (18:00). The example allows UDP traffic only on Saturday and Sunday from noon to 8:00 p.m. (20:00).

Switch(config)# time-range no-http

Switch(config)# periodic weekdays 8:00 to 18:00

!

Switch(config)# time-range udp-yes

Switch(config)# periodic weekend 12:00 to 20:00

!

Switch(config)# ip access-list extended strict

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any eq www time-range no-http

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# permit udp any any time-range udp-yes

!

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# exit

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1

Switch(config-if)# ip access-group strict in

Commented IP ACL Entries

In this example of a numbered ACL, the workstation that belongs to Jones is allowed access, and the workstation that belongs to Smith is not allowed access:

Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Permit only Jones workstation through

Switch(config)# access-list 1 permit 171.69.2.88

Switch(config)# access-list 1 remark Do not allow Smith workstation through

Switch(config)# access-list 1 deny 171.69.3.13

In this example of a numbered ACL, the Winter and Smith workstations are not allowed to browse the web:

Switch(config)# access-list 100 remark Do not allow Winter to browse the web

Switch(config)# access-list 100 deny host 171.69.3.85 any eq www

Switch(config)# access-list 100 remark Do not allow Smith to browse the web

Switch(config)# access-list 100 deny host 171.69.3.13 any eq www

In this example of a named ACL, the Jones subnet is not allowed access:

Switch(config)# ip access-list standard prevention

Switch(config-std-nacl)# remark Do not allow Jones subnet through

Switch(config-std-nacl)# deny 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255

In this example of a named ACL, the Jones subnet is not allowed to use outbound Telnet:

Switch(config)# ip access-list extended telnetting

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# remark Do not allow Jones subnet to telnet out

Switch(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp 171.69.0.0 0.0.255.255 any eq telnet

Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs

You can filter non-IPv4 traffic on a VLAN or on a Layer 2 interface by using MAC addresses and named MAC extended ACLs. The procedure is similar to that of configuring other extended named ACLs.

For more information about the supported non-IP protocols in the mac access-list extended command, see the command reference for this release.

Note Though visible in the command-line help strings, appletalk is not supported as a matching condition for the deny and permit MAC access-list configuration mode commands.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create a named MAC extended ACL:

Use the no mac access-list extended name global configuration command to delete the entire ACL. You can also delete individual ACEs from named MAC extended ACLs.

This example shows how to create and display an access list named mac1, denying only EtherType DECnet Phase IV traffic, but permitting all other types of traffic.

Switch(config)# mac access-list extended mac1

Switch(config-ext-macl)# deny any any decnet-iv

Switch(config-ext-macl)# permit any any

Switch(config-ext-macl)# end

Switch # show access-lists

Extended MAC access list mac1

    10 deny   any any decnet-iv 

    20 permit any any 

Applying a MAC ACL to a Layer 2 Interface

After you create a MAC ACL, you can apply it to a Layer 2 interface to filter non-IP traffic coming in that interface. When you apply the MAC ACL, consider these guidelines:

•You can apply no more than one IP access list and one MAC access list to the same Layer 2 interface. The IP access list filters only IP packets, and the MAC access list filters non-IP packets.

•A Layer 2 interface can have only one MAC access list. If you apply a MAC access list to a Layer 2 interface that has a MAC ACL configured, the new ACL replaces the previously configured one.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to apply a MAC access list to control access to a Layer 2 interface:

To remove the specified access group, use the no mac access-group {name} interface configuration command.

This example shows how to apply MAC access list mac1 to a port to filter packets entering the port:

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2

Router(config-if)# mac access-group mac1 in

Note The mac access-group interface configuration command is only valid when applied to a physical Layer 2 interface.You cannot use the command on EtherChannel port channels.

After receiving a packet, the switch checks it against the inbound ACL. If the ACL permits it, the switch continues to process the packet. If the ACL rejects the packet, the switch discards it. When you apply an undefined ACL to an interface, the switch acts as if the ACL has not been applied and permits all packets. Remember this behavior if you use undefined ACLs for network security.

Displaying IPv4 ACL Configuration

You can display the ACLs that are configured on the switch, and you can display the ACLs that have been applied to interfaces.

When you use the ip access-group interface configuration command to apply ACLs to a Layer 2 interface, you can display the access groups on the interface. You can also display the MAC ACLs applied to a Layer 2 interface. You can use the privileged EXEC commands as described in Table 34-2 to display this information.