تسعى مجموعة الوثائق لهذا المنتج جاهدة لاستخدام لغة خالية من التحيز. لأغراض مجموعة الوثائق هذه، يتم تعريف "خالية من التحيز" على أنها لغة لا تعني التمييز على أساس العمر، والإعاقة، والجنس، والهوية العرقية، والهوية الإثنية، والتوجه الجنسي، والحالة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، والتمييز متعدد الجوانب. قد تكون الاستثناءات موجودة في الوثائق بسبب اللغة التي يتم تشفيرها بشكل ثابت في واجهات المستخدم الخاصة ببرنامج المنتج، أو اللغة المستخدمة بناءً على وثائق RFP، أو اللغة التي يستخدمها منتج الجهة الخارجية المُشار إليه. تعرّف على المزيد حول كيفية استخدام Cisco للغة الشاملة.
ترجمت Cisco هذا المستند باستخدام مجموعة من التقنيات الآلية والبشرية لتقديم محتوى دعم للمستخدمين في جميع أنحاء العالم بلغتهم الخاصة. يُرجى ملاحظة أن أفضل ترجمة آلية لن تكون دقيقة كما هو الحال مع الترجمة الاحترافية التي يقدمها مترجم محترف. تخلي Cisco Systems مسئوليتها عن دقة هذه الترجمات وتُوصي بالرجوع دائمًا إلى المستند الإنجليزي الأصلي (الرابط متوفر).
يصف هذا المستند اكتشاف وحدة إرسال الحد الأقصى لمسار بروتوكول التحكم في الإرسال (TCP) (MTU) (PMTUD) على أجهزة Cisco IOS® XR.
تحاول آلية PMTUD تحديد أكبر حجم لحزمة بروتوكول الإنترنت (IP) الذي لا يتطلب التجزئة في أي مكان على المسار بين جهازي مضيف. القيمة التي تم إنشاؤها هي MTU للمسار المعين وتساوي الحد الأدنى لقيم MTU عبر كل خطوة. إذا أخذت في الاعتبار مسار وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) عند إرسال المعلومات، فإنها تسمح لك بتحقيق أقصى إستفادة من سعة الشبكة وتجنب التجزئة وكفاءة الإرسال. يتم إدخال ميكانيكا PMTUD وتنفيذه عبر مجموعة متنوعة من السيناريوهات باستخدام بروتوكول العبارة الحدودية (BGP) كبروتوكول عميل يكشف تدريجيا عن سلوك PMTUD.
يستغل بروتوكول TCP نتيجة PMTUD للتأثير على الحد الأقصى المحلي لحجم المقطع (MSS)، مما يعني أنه يتكيف ديناميكيا مع وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) للمسار المكتشف. وبالتالي، قبل الانتقال إلى PMTUD، يمكنك مراجعة الحد الأقصى لحجم مقطع TCP (MSS) بسرعة وفهم ما يعنيه والغرض منه.
وفقا للتعريف الأصلي ل MSS من RFC879: يمكن ذكر تعريف خيار MSS: الحد الأقصى لعدد أنظمة تخزين البيانات التي يمكن إستلامها بواسطة مرسل خيار TCP هذا في شرائح TCP بدون خيارات رأس TCP التي يتم إرسالها في مخططات بيانات IP بدون خيارات رأس IP.
توضيح بعض الجوانب وإسداء المشورة إلى المنفذين، المعيار RFC6691 تبرز كيفية حساب قيمة MSS:
عندما تقوم بحساب القيمة التي تريد وضعها في خيار TCP MSS، يجب تقليل قيمة MTU بمقدار حجم رؤوس IP و TCP الثابتة فقط ويجب عدم تخفيضها لتأخذ في الاعتبار أي خيارات IP أو TCP محتملة؛ على العكس، يجب على المرسل تقليل طول بيانات TCP لحساب أي خيارات IP أو TCP يتم تضمينها في الحزم التي يرسلها.
يمكن إستخلاص تعريف أكثر تفصيلا ل MSS من دليل تكوين التوجيه لموجهات سلسلة Cisco ASR 9000، IOS XR، الإصدار 6.7.x:
MSS هي أكبر كمية بيانات يمكن أن يتلقاها جهاز الكمبيوتر أو جهاز الاتصال في مقطع TCP واحد غير مجزأ. يتم تقييد جميع جلسات عمل TCP بحد على عدد وحدات البايت التي يمكن نقلها في حزمة واحدة؛ هذا الحد هو MSS. يقوم TCP بتقسيم الحزم إلى مجموعات في قائمة انتظار الإرسال قبل تمرير الحزم إلى طبقة IP.
تعتمد قيمة TCP MSS على الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) الخاص بواجهة ما، وهو الحد الأقصى لطول البيانات التي يمكن إرسالها بواسطة بروتوكول في مثيل واحد. يتم تحديد الحد الأقصى لطول حزمة TCP بواسطة كل من وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) للواجهة الصادرة على الجهاز المصدر و MSS التي تم الإعلان عنها بواسطة جهاز الوجهة أثناء عملية إعداد TCP. وكلما كان MSS أقرب إلى وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU)، كان نقل رسائل BGP أكثر فعالية. يمكن أن يستخدم كل إتجاه لتدفق البيانات قيمة MSS مختلفة.
ما هي القيمة التي يجب أن يضعها TCP في الاعتبار ل MSS في جلسة TCP معينة؟ وكيف يتم حسابها؟
بالنسبة للقيم الافتراضية وفقا ل RFC879، لديك: لا يجب على الأجهزة المضيفة إرسال مخططات بيانات أكبر من 576 ثمانية ما لم تكن لديها معرفة محددة بأن المضيف الوجهة مستعد لقبول مخططات البيانات الأكبر. الحد الأقصى لحجم مقطع TCP هو الحد الأقصى لحجم مخطط بيانات IP ناقص أربعين.
الحد الأقصى الافتراضي لحجم مخطط بيانات IP هو 576.
الحد الأقصى الافتراضي لحجم مقطع TCP هو 536.
وهذا يضع في الاعتبار قيمة IP MTU التي تبلغ 576 بايت. ولكن إذا قمت بتجاهل قيمة IP MTU الفعلية، فيمكن تلخيص حساب TCP MSS كما يلي:
MSS = IPMTU - sizeof(minimum TCPHDR) - sizeof(minimum IPHDR)
Where,
sizeof(minimum TCPHDR) = 20 bytes.
sizeof(minimum IPHDR) = 20 bytes.
MIN[IPMTU - sizeof(minimum TCPHDR) - sizeof(minimum IPHDR) , Received MSS value]
Where,
sizeof(minimum TCPHDR) = 20 bytes.
sizeof(minimum IPHDR) = 20 bytes.
Received MSS value = MSS value received with Active Peer TCP SYN.
لا يوجد تفاوض فيما يتعلق بقيمة خيار MSS. تحدد كل عقدة قيمتها الخاصة وتعلن عنها في إنشاء جلسة TCP. يصبح من الواضح أنه إذا كان من الممكن اشتقاق قيمة IP MTU التي يتم اعتبارها لحساب MSS من PMTUD، يمكن تكييف قيمة MSS مع القيمة الأكثر فعالية ل MTU للمسار المحدد. يحتوي سلوك Cisco IOS XR على بعض التفاصيل فيما يتعلق بحساب MSS ودور PMTUD الملخص هنا.
يتم تعطيل PMTUD بشكل افتراضي على Cisco IOS XR:
عند تمكين PMTUD على Cisco IOS XR:
هناك تفاصيل إضافية حول آليات "الحشد الشعبي" وتطبيقها يجب أخذها في الاعتبار، والتي تقدمها هذه الوثيقة من خلال أمثلة عملية ملخصة في الجدول التالي. كما يعرض هذا الجدول قيم MTU الخاصة بنظراء TCP النشطة والسلبية بالإضافة إلى قيم MSS المحددة لكل سيناريو تم مراعاته.
الصورة 2. 1. مع قيم MTU الافتراضية
في حالة إدارة نظائر eBGP الموضحة في الصورة 2.1 R6 لاتصال TCP، وهذا يعني، أنها تلعب الدور النشط وتبدأ جلسة TCP مع R5 على منفذ الوجهة 179. يتم توصيل النظراء مباشرة، ويقوم كلا منهما باستخدام قيم IP MTU الافتراضية على الواجهات المقابلة. استنادا إلى المعلومات المشتركة في بداية هذا المستند، يمكن تلخيص حساب MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R6 - نشطة:
! – As seen on R6 – ACTIVE
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/0/0/0
Fri Jan 8 09:35:48.553 UTC
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Interface state transitions: 1
Hardware is GigabitEthernet, address is fa16.3e85.3dc2 (bia fa16.3e85.3dc2)
Internet address is 10.5.6.6/30
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit (Max: 1000000 Kbit)
<snip>
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp brief
Fri Jan 8 09:36:22.491 UTC
PCB VRF-ID Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
<snip>
0x121649fc 0x60000000 0 0 10.5.6.6:24454 10.5.6.5:179 ESTAB
<snip>
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x121649fc
Fri Jan 8 09:37:00.888 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 09:28:28 2021
PCB 0x121649fc, SO 0x121561b8, TCPCB 0x12156f64, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 78
Local host: 10.5.6.6, Local port: 24454 (Local App PID: 1011918)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.5, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 13 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 10 2 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3757770712 snduna: 3757770960 sndnxt: 3757770960
sndmax: 3757770960 sndwnd: 32574 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 1072103647 rcvnxt: 1072103895 rcvwnd: 32593 rcvadv: 1072136488
SRTT: 155 ms, RTTO: 540 ms, RTV: 385 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 50 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R5 - الخامل:
! – As seen on R5 – PASSIVE
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#show interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/0/0/0
Fri Jan 8 09:33:04.564 UTC
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Interface state transitions: 1
Hardware is GigabitEthernet, address is fa16.3ead.518f (bia fa16.3ead.518f)
Internet address is 10.5.6.5/30
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit (Max: 1000000 Kbit)
<snip>
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#show tcp brief
Fri Jan 8 09:33:53.221 UTC
PCB VRF-ID Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
<snip>
0x12155884 0x60000000 0 0 10.5.6.5:179 10.5.6.6:24454 ESTAB
<snip>
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#show tcp detail pcb 0x12155884
Fri Jan 8 09:34:47.317 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 09:28:29 2021
PCB 0x12155884, SO 0x1215568c, TCPCB 0x12155a54, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 78
Local host: 10.5.6.5, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1044686)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.6, Foreign port: 24454
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 9 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 9 7 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 1072103647 snduna: 1072103857 sndnxt: 1072103857
sndmax: 1072103857 sndwnd: 32631 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 3757770712 rcvnxt: 3757770922 rcvwnd: 32612 rcvadv: 3757803534
SRTT: 47 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 170 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 219 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#
الصورة 2.2 - يستخدم النظير النشط قيمة MTU غير الافتراضية
وهذا السيناريو أساسا هو نفسه السابق، مع الاختلاف الوحيد الذي يستخدم نظير TCP النشط R6 الآن قيمة IP MTU غير الافتراضية. لاحظ كيف يتم إجراء الحساب الأولي واتخاذ القرار حول قيمة MSS بواسطة نظير TCP السلبي R5. يمكن تلخيص حساب TCP MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
TCP SYN المصدر من R6:
! – TCP SYN sourced from R6
140 1598.150521 10.5.6.6 10.5.6.5 TCP 62 35502 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=4420 WS=1
Frame 140: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2 (fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2), Dst: fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f (fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.5.6.6, Dst: 10.5.6.5
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 35502, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 35502
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 6]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x219d [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 4420 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 4420
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R5:
! – TCP SYN, ACK sourced from R5
141 1598.154866 10.5.6.5 10.5.6.6 TCP 62 179 → 35502 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1
Frame 141: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f (fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f), Dst: fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2 (fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.5.6.5, Dst: 10.5.6.6
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 35502, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 35502
[Stream index: 6]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xe2b4 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R6 - نشطة:
! - as seen on R6 – Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/0/0/0
Fri Jan 8 09:46:54.138 UTC
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Interface state transitions: 1
Hardware is GigabitEthernet, address is fa16.3e85.3dc2 (bia fa16.3e85.3dc2)
Internet address is 10.5.6.6/30
MTU 4474 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit (Max: 1000000 Kbit)
<snip>
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1215761c
Fri Jan 8 09:56:25.819 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 09:51:46 2021
PCB 0x1215761c, SO 0x12156f64, TCPCB 0x1216419c, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 886
Local host: 10.5.6.6, Local port: 35502 (Local App PID: 1011918)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.5, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 9 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 6 5 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 764231407 snduna: 764231579 sndnxt: 764231579
sndmax: 764231579 sndwnd: 32650 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 2712512697 rcvnxt: 2712512869 rcvwnd: 32669 rcvadv: 2712545538
SRTT: 31 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 130 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 50 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 4420, max MSS 4420
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R5 - الخامل:
! - as seen on R5 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#show tcp detail pcb 0x12155a98
Fri Jan 8 09:55:18.193 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 09:51:47 2021
PCB 0x12155a98, SO 0x12153ea0, TCPCB 0x12154e18, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 886
Local host: 10.5.6.5, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1044686)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.6, Foreign port: 35502
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 6 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 6 1 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 2712512697 snduna: 2712512850 sndnxt: 2712512850
sndmax: 2712512850 sndwnd: 32688 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 764231407 rcvnxt: 764231560 rcvwnd: 32669 rcvadv: 764264229
SRTT: 107 ms, RTTO: 538 ms, RTV: 431 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 29 ms, maxRTT: 219 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 4420, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#
الصورة 2.3 - يستخدم النظير الخامل قيمة MTU غير الافتراضية.
مع إستمرار سيناريو eBGP نفسه، ولكن الآن مع نظير TCP السلبي R5 الذي تم تكوينه باستخدام وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) غير الافتراضية لبروتوكول IP والنظير النشط TCP R6 مع قيمة IP MTU الافتراضية. وكما هو الحال مع السيناريو السابق، لاحظ كيفية تحديد قيمة MSS بواسطة النظير السلبي R5. يمكن تلخيص حساب TCP MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
TCP SYN المصدر من R6:
! – TCP SYN sourced from R6
237 2696.666481 10.5.6.6 10.5.6.5 TCP 62 47007 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1
Frame 237: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2 (fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2), Dst: fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f (fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.5.6.6, Dst: 10.5.6.5
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 47007, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 47007
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 10]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x2025 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R5:
! – TCP SYN, ACK sourced from R5
238 2696.702792 10.5.6.5 10.5.6.6 TCP 62 179 → 47007 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1
Frame 238: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f (fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f), Dst: fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2 (fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.5.6.5, Dst: 10.5.6.6
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 47007, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 47007
[Stream index: 10]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x7078 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R6 - نشطة:
! - as seen on R6 - Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1215761c
Fri Jan 8 10:15:20.351 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 10:10:04 2021
PCB 0x1215761c, SO 0x12162aac, TCPCB 0x12156f64, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 103
Local host: 10.5.6.6, Local port: 47007 (Local App PID: 1011918)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.5, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 10 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 7 5 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3949093168 snduna: 3949093359 sndnxt: 3949093359
sndmax: 3949093359 sndwnd: 32631 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 54439005 rcvnxt: 54439196 rcvwnd: 32650 rcvadv: 54471846
SRTT: 75 ms, RTTO: 459 ms, RTV: 384 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 50 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R5 - الخامل:
! - as seen on R5 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#show interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/0/0/0
Fri Jan 8 10:10:39.110 UTC
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Interface state transitions: 1
Hardware is GigabitEthernet, address is fa16.3ead.518f (bia fa16.3ead.518f)
Internet address is 10.5.6.5/30
MTU 4474 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit (Max: 1000000 Kbit)
<snip>
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#show tcp detail pcb 0x121550fc
Fri Jan 8 10:14:20.105 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 10:10:05 2021
PCB 0x121550fc, SO 0x12154e18, TCPCB 0x12154304, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 103
Local host: 10.5.6.5, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1044686)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.6, Foreign port: 47007
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 7 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 7 2 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 54439005 snduna: 54439177 sndnxt: 54439177
sndmax: 54439177 sndwnd: 32669 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 3949093168 rcvnxt: 3949093340 rcvwnd: 32650 rcvadv: 3949125990
SRTT: 117 ms, RTTO: 570 ms, RTV: 453 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 4420, max MSS 4420
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#
كما تمت الإشارة إليه مسبقا في هذا المستند، يؤثر إستخدام خيارات TCP (مثل TCP MD5 أو المكدس الانتقائي ل TCP أو الطوابع الزمنية ل TCP) على حساب MSS حيث تؤدي هذه الخيارات إلى وحدات البايت الإضافية التي سيتم حسابها في حساب MSS.
يهدف هذا القسم وكذلك القسم التالي إلى توضيح حساب MSS الذي تم إجراؤه من قبل النظراء عند وجود خيارات TCP. يتم إستخدام خيار مصادقة TCP MD5 كمثال. يرجى الرجوع إلى السيناريو المرجعي في الصور 2.4 كما هو موضح في الصورة.
الصورة 2.4 - إستخدام خيارات TCP (MD5) - XR نشطة.
في هذا السيناريو، يستخدم كلا النظراء قيم IP MTU الافتراضية، وتكون متصلة مباشرة، ويقوم النظير R6 بدور TCP النشط. وكما تمت مشاركة تكوين حساب مصادقة TCP MD5 واستخدامه بالفعل للحصول على مصروفات إضافية. يمكن تلخيص حساب TCP MSS في هذا السيناريو المحدد كما يلي:
كما هو موضح من الملخص، فإن الطريقة التي يتصرف بها Cisco IOS XR ليست صارمة وفقا RFC 879، وRFC 6691، والتي تنص على أنه لا ينبغي حساب خيارات TCP في حساب MSS.
يتم توثيق حساب Cisco IOS XR لعامل إضافي على طول رأس TCP بشكل إضافي على معرف تصحيح الأخطاء من Cisco CSCvf20166:
"(...)عندما يبدأ XR اتصال BGP، يقوم BGP بإنشاء المقبس أولا، ثم يقوم بتعيين خيارات المقبس بما في ذلك MD5. هذا يجعل طول رأس خيار TCP = 24. وبالتالي يصبح MSS الأولي 1500 - 40 - 24 = 1436. يتم إرسال هذا إلى إستخدام النظير والأقران min(1436، 1460) = 1436.(..)
TCP SYN المصدر من R6:
! – TCP SYN sourced from R6
430 5775.839420 10.5.6.6 10.5.6.5 TCP 82 24785 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1436 WS=1
Frame 430: 82 bytes on wire (656 bits), 82 bytes captured (656 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2 (fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2), Dst: fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f (fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.5.6.6, Dst: 10.5.6.5
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 24785, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 24785
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 14]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 48 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xd62b [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (28 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1436 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1436
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R5:
! – TCP SYN, ACK sourced from R5
431 5775.845744 10.5.6.5 10.5.6.6 TCP 82 179 → 24785 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1436 WS=1
Frame 431: 82 bytes on wire (656 bits), 82 bytes captured (656 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f (fa:16:3e:ad:51:8f), Dst: fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2 (fa:16:3e:85:3d:c2)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.5.6.5, Dst: 10.5.6.6
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 24785, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 24785
[Stream index: 14]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 48 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xe83d [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (28 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1436 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1436
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R6 - نشطة:
! - as seen on R6 – Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1215761c
Fri Jan 8 11:14:13.599 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 11:01:21 2021
PCB 0x1215761c, SO 0x1216419c, TCPCB 0x121649fc, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 409
Local host: 10.5.6.6, Local port: 24785 (Local App PID: 1011918)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.5, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 17 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 14 13 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 1379482495 snduna: 1379482819 sndnxt: 1379482819
sndmax: 1379482819 sndwnd: 32498 sndcwnd: 4308
irs: 3750694052 rcvnxt: 3750694376 rcvwnd: 32517 rcvadv: 3750726893
SRTT: 55 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 176 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 259 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 50 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1436, peer MSS 1436, min MSS 1436, max MSS 1436
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R5 - الخامل:
! - as seen on R5 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#show tcp detail pcb 0x12155d04
Fri Jan 8 11:12:51.984 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 11:01:22 2021
PCB 0x12155d04, SO 0x12154e18, TCPCB 0x12154304, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 409
Local host: 10.5.6.5, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1044686)
Foreign host: 10.5.6.6, Foreign port: 24785
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 14 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 14 3 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3750694052 snduna: 3750694357 sndnxt: 3750694357
sndmax: 3750694357 sndwnd: 32536 sndcwnd: 4308
irs: 1379482495 rcvnxt: 1379482800 rcvwnd: 32517 rcvadv: 1379515317
SRTT: 181 ms, RTTO: 443 ms, RTV: 262 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 29 ms, maxRTT: 219 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1436, peer MSS 1436, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R5#
يمكن ملاحظة سلوك مماثل مع خيارات TCP الأخرى التي تؤثر عند تكوينها على المصروفات الإضافية وتؤثر على حساب MSS في Cisco IOS XR. ضع في الاعتبار نفس السيناريو وهذه الأمثلة التي تقوم بتوثيق حساب MSS عند تكوين الطوابع الزمنية ل TCP وخيارات السحب الانتقائي ل TCP.
تفاصيل جلسة TCP كما تظهر على R6 - ACTIVE - مع تكوين الطابع الزمني لخيارات TCP وخيارات الوضع الانتقائي:
! - as seen on R6 – Active
! -- tcp timestamp configured
! -- 12 bytes of additional overhead
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1539c844
<snip>
Feature flags: Timestamp, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Timestamp, Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1448, peer MSS 1448, min MSS 1448, max MSS 1448
<snip>
! - as seen on R6 – Active
! -- tcp selective-ack configured
! -- 36 bytes of additional overhead
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1539df38
<snip>
Feature flags: Sack, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Sack, Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1424, peer MSS 1424, min MSS 1424, max MSS 1424
<snip>
! - as seen on R6 – Active
! -- tcp selective-ack and tcp timestamp configured
! -- 40 bytes of additional overhead
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1539e130
<snip>
State flags: none
Feature flags: Sack, Timestamp, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Sack, Timestamp, Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1420, peer MSS 1420, min MSS 1420, max MSS 1420
<snip>
! - as seen on R6 – Active
! -- MD5 and tcp selective-ack configured
! -- 36 bytes of additional overhead
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1539b3cc
<snip>
Feature flags: Sack, MD5, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Sack, Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1424, peer MSS 1424, min MSS 1424, max MSS 1424
<snip>
! - as seen on R6 – Active
! -- MD5 and tcp timestamp configured
! -- 36 bytes of additional overhead
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x15397b4c
<snip>
Feature flags: MD5, Timestamp, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Timestamp, Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1424, peer MSS 1424, min MSS 1424, max MSS 1424
<snip>
! - as seen on R6 – Active
! -- MD5, tcp timestamp, and tcp selective-ack configured
! -- 40 bytes of additional overhead
RP/0/0/CPU0:R6#show tcp detail pcb 0x1539a4cc
<snip>
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Timestamp, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Timestamp, Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1420, peer MSS 1420, min MSS 1420, max MSS 1420
<snip>
من السيناريو السابق، ربما تكون قد لاحظت السلوك المميز لعقدة Cisco IOS XR عندما تكون في دور سلبي فيما يتعلق بالحساب الأولي MSS. لا تمثل العقدة طول رأس خيار TCP. يهدف هذا السيناريو إلى تسليط الضوء على هذا السلوك المميز الذي يتم وصفه أيضا بواسطة معرف تصحيح الأخطاء من Cisco :
"(...) - عندما يبدأ النظير الاتصال، فإنه يرسل MSS الأولي ك 1460. يقوم XR TCP بإنشاء مأخذ التوصيل و PCB وما إلى ذلك، ثم يتخذ أقل من إجرائن بالترتيب المحدد:
- أولا، يقوم بحساب MSS الأولي بعد طرح طول رأس خيار TCP. هذا هو '0' حيث أن خيار MD5 لم يتم توريثه بعد إلى هذا المقبس من مأخذ الاستماع.
- بعد ذلك، يرث 'MD5' والخيارات الأخرى وهذا يجعل 'Option header bytes length' إلى 24.
لذلك، في هذه الحالة يرسل XR TCP MSS أولي ك 1460 وبالتالي يتم إستخدامه من قبل كلا. (…)“
في هذا السيناريو، وعلى الرغم من أن نظير TCP النشط R8 هو عقدة Cisco IOS، إلا أن هذه الحقيقة لا تقدم أي فرق أو تفاصيل حول ما يهدف السيناريو إلى إبرازه. ومع ذلك، والمثير للاهتمام، لاحظ أنه بشكل مختلف عن Cisco IOS XR كما هو موضح مع سيناريو القسم السابق، لا يأخذ نظير TCP النشط R8 في الاعتبار خيارات TCP في الحساب الأولي ل MSS.
الصورة 2.5 - إستخدام خيارات TCP (MD5) - XR الخاملة.
يستخدم كلا النظيرين قيم IP MTU الافتراضية ويتم توصيلهما مباشرة. يلعب نظير IOS R8 من Cisco دورا نشطا. يمكن تلخيص حساب TCP MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
TCP SYN المصدر من R8 - Cisco IOS:
! – TCP SYN sourced from R8
96 5.907127 10.7.8.2 10.7.8.1 TCP 78 52975 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460
Frame 96: 78 bytes on wire (624 bits), 78 bytes captured (624 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:58:21:ba (fa:16:3e:58:21:ba), Dst: fa:16:3e:68:d9:e5 (fa:16:3e:68:d9:e5)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.7.8.2, Dst: 10.7.8.1
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 52975, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 52975
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 3]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 44 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xb612 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (24 bytes), Maximum segment size, TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R7 - Cisco IOS XR:
! – TCP SYN,ACK sourced from R7
97 0.003446 10.7.8.1 10.7.8.2 TCP 78 179 → 52975 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460
Frame 97: 78 bytes on wire (624 bits), 78 bytes captured (624 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:68:d9:e5 (fa:16:3e:68:d9:e5), Dst: fa:16:3e:58:21:ba (fa:16:3e:58:21:ba)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.7.8.1, Dst: 10.7.8.2
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 52975, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 52975
[Stream index: 3]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 44 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xfb47 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (24 bytes), Maximum segment size, TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R8 - Cisco IOS - نشط:
! – as seen from R8 - Cisco IOS
R8#show ip bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 10.7.8.1, remote AS 65007, external link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.0.7
BGP state = Established, up for 00:06:12
Last read 00:00:16, last write 00:00:16, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor sessions:
1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Enhanced Refresh Capability: advertised
Multisession Capability:
Stateful switchover support enabled: NO for session 1
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 1 1
Keepalives: 7 7
Route Refresh: 0 0
Total: 9 9
Do log neighbor state changes (via global configuration)
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
Session: 10.7.8.1
BGP table version 1, neighbor version 1/0
Output queue size : 0
Index 6, Advertise bit 0
6 update-group member
Slow-peer detection is disabled
Slow-peer split-update-group dynamic is disabled
Sent Rcvd
Prefix activity: ---- ----
Prefixes Current: 0 0
Prefixes Total: 0 0
Implicit Withdraw: 0 0
Explicit Withdraw: 0 0
Used as bestpath: n/a 0
Used as multipath: n/a 0
Used as secondary: n/a 0
Outbound Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- -------
Total: 0 0
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 0, min 0
Last detected as dynamic slow peer: never
Dynamic slow peer recovered: never
Refresh Epoch: 1
Last Sent Refresh Start-of-rib: never
Last Sent Refresh End-of-rib: never
Last Received Refresh Start-of-rib: never
Last Received Refresh End-of-rib: never
Sent Rcvd
Refresh activity: ---- ----
Refresh Start-of-RIB 0 0
Refresh End-of-RIB 0 0
Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 10.7.8.1
Connections established 6; dropped 5
Last reset 00:06:18, due to BGP Notification received of session 1, Administrative Reset
External BGP neighbor configured for connected checks (single-hop no-disable-connected-check)
Interface associated: GigabitEthernet0/1 (peering address in same link)
Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is enabled
Graceful-Restart is disabled
SSO is disabled
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0
Connection is ECN Disabled, Mininum incoming TTL 0, Outgoing TTL 1
Local host: 10.7.8.2, Local port: 52975
Foreign host: 10.7.8.1, Foreign port: 179
Connection tableid (VRF): 0
Maximum output segment queue size: 50
Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes)
Event Timers (current time is 0x15DD97):
Timer Starts Wakeups Next
Retrans 10 0 0x0
TimeWait 0 0 0x0
AckHold 9 5 0x0
SendWnd 0 0 0x0
KeepAlive 0 0 0x0
GiveUp 0 0 0x0
PmtuAger 1 0 0x195465
DeadWait 0 0 0x0
Linger 0 0 0x0
ProcessQ 0 0 0x0
iss: 1154289541 snduna: 1154289755 sndnxt: 1154289755
irs: 2149897425 rcvnxt: 2149897635
sndwnd: 32612 scale: 0 maxrcvwnd: 16384
rcvwnd: 16175 scale: 0 delrcvwnd: 209
SRTT: 737 ms, RTTO: 2506 ms, RTV: 1769 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 7 ms, maxRTT: 1000 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms
uptime: 372981 ms, Sent idletime: 16648 ms, Receive idletime: 16431 ms
Status Flags: active open
Option Flags: nagle, path mtu capable, md5
IP Precedence value : 6
Datagrams (max data segment is 1460 bytes):
Rcvd: 18 (out of order: 0), with data: 8, total data bytes: 209
Sent: 16 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0, partialack: 0, Second Congestion: 0), with data: 9, total data bytes: 213
Packets received in fast path: 0, fast processed: 0, slow path: 0
fast lock acquisition failures: 0, slow path: 0
TCP Semaphore 0x0FBFA8A4 FREE
R8#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R7 - Cisco IOS XR - passive:
! – as seen from R7 – Cisco IOS XR
RP/0/0/CPU0:R7#show tcp detail pcb 0x12152e48
Wed Jan 13 13:03:43.363 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Wed Jan 13 12:58:16 2021
PCB 0x12152e48, SO 0x1213c130, TCPCB 0x12156060, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 1, Hash index: 947
Local host: 10.7.8.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 983244)
Foreign host: 10.7.8.2, Foreign port: 52975
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 8 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 8 7 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 2149897425 snduna: 2149897616 sndnxt: 2149897616
sndmax: 2149897616 sndwnd: 16194 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 1154289541 rcvnxt: 1154289736 rcvwnd: 32631 rcvadv: 1154322367
SRTT: 125 ms, RTTO: 552 ms, RTV: 427 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Nagle
Request flags: none
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R7#
عندما لا يكون النظراء متصلين مباشرة، تتغير طريقة إجراء الحساب الأولي ل TCP MSS كما هو موضح مسبقا في القسم التمهيدي من هذا المستند. يتم إستخدام سيناريو جلسة عمل iBGP مع جميع الأقران الذين تم تكوينهم باستخدام قيم IP MTU الافتراضية للتنقل عبر حساب MSS.
الصورة 2. 6 - نظراء TCP غير المتصلة مباشرة - iBGP.
الجانب المهم الذي يجب التنويه به هو أنه عند تعطيل اكتشاف وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) لمسار TCP، وعدم اتصال الأقران مباشرة، لكل تصميم، يستخدم Cisco IOS XR قيمة IP MTU ثابتة تبلغ 1280 بايت.
في الصورة السابقة، يلعب R4 دورا نشطا ويدير اتصال TCP، يفتح R4 جلسة TCP مع R1 على منفذ الوجهة 179. تستخدم كلا العقد قيمة IP MTU الافتراضية على الواجهات الخاصة بهما. يمكن تلخيص حساب MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
TCP SYN المصدر من R4:
! – TCP SYN sourced from R4
194 434.274181 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 TCP 62 37740 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1240 WS=1
Frame 194: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6), Dst: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.4, Dst: 192.168.0.1
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 37740, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 37740
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 7]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x8643 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1240 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1240
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R1:
! – TCP SYN,ACK sourced from R1
195 434.277985 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 62 179 → 37740 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1240 WS=1
Frame 195: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54), Dst: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 37740, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 37740
[Stream index: 7]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xd8f7 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1240 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1240
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R4 - نشطة:
! – as seen on R4 - Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x12154d3c
Fri Jan 8 12:32:41.096 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 12:17:46 2021
PCB 0x12154d3c, SO 0x12154460, TCPCB 0x1215486c, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 1577
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 37740 (Local App PID: 1052958)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 19 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 16 15 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 2075436506 snduna: 2075436868 sndnxt: 2075436868
sndmax: 2075436868 sndwnd: 32460 sndcwnd: 3720
irs: 4238127261 rcvnxt: 4238127623 rcvwnd: 32479 rcvadv: 4238160102
SRTT: 65 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 40 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R1 - الخامل:
! – as seen on R1 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x12155390
Fri Jan 8 12:23:52.041 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 12:17:43 2021
PCB 0x12155390, SO 0x121573e4, TCPCB 0x12156948, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 1577
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 983326)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 37740
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 9 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 9 1 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 4238127261 snduna: 4238127471 sndnxt: 4238127471
sndmax: 4238127471 sndwnd: 32631 sndcwnd: 3720
irs: 2075436506 rcvnxt: 2075436716 rcvwnd: 32612 rcvadv: 2075469328
SRTT: 144 ms, RTTO: 578 ms, RTV: 434 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
بالنسبة لسيناريو النظير غير المتصل مباشرة والمستخدم لمصادقة TCP MD5، لا يوجد أختلاف أساسي عن حالات أو سيناريوهات الاختبار السابقة الموضحة بالفعل. وكما تمت ملاحظته مسبقا مع مصادقة TCP MD5، يأخذ Cisco IOS XR في الاعتبار النفقات الإضافية وتعكس قيمة MSS الأولية نفس الشيء. يرجى الرجوع إلى الأقسام السابقة إستخدام خيارات TCP - XR نشطة واستخدام خيارات TCP - XR Passive للحصول على تفاصيل إضافية حول خيارات TCP التي تؤثر على حساب TCP MSS.
الصورة 2. 7 - نظراء TCP غير المتصلة مباشرة - iBGP + TCP MD5.
يمكن تلخيص حساب TCP MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
TCP SYN المصدر من R4:
! – TCP SYN sourced from R4
3425 3.691042 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 TCP 82 42135 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1216 WS=1
Frame 3425: 82 bytes on wire (656 bits), 82 bytes captured (656 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6), Dst: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.4, Dst: 192.168.0.1
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 42135, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 42135
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 10]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 48 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xc503 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (28 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1216 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1216
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R1:
! – TCP SYN,ACK sourced from R1
3426 0.004186 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 82 179 → 42135 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1216 WS=1
Frame 3426: 82 bytes on wire (656 bits), 82 bytes captured (656 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54), Dst: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 42135, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 42135
[Stream index: 10]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 48 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xbb05 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (28 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1216 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1216
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R4 - نشطة:
! – as seen from R4 – Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x12154490
Tue Jan 12 14:37:32.097 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Tue Jan 12 14:27:42 2021
PCB 0x12154490, SO 0x12155014, TCPCB 0x12155a84, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 1876
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 42135 (Local App PID: 1052958)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 14 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 11 9 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3124761989 snduna: 3124763317 sndnxt: 3124763317
sndmax: 3124763317 sndwnd: 32711 sndcwnd: 3648
irs: 1090344992 rcvnxt: 1090346320 rcvwnd: 32730 rcvadv: 1090379050
SRTT: 28 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 57 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1216, peer MSS 1216, min MSS 1216, max MSS 1216
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R1 - الخامل:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x12168df4
Tue Jan 12 14:36:38.860 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Tue Jan 12 14:27:32 2021
PCB 0x12168df4, SO 0x12156bf8, TCPCB 0x12157a44, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 1876
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 983326)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 42135
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 12 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 12 1 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 1090344992 snduna: 1090346320 sndnxt: 1090346320
sndmax: 1090346320 sndwnd: 32730 sndcwnd: 3648
irs: 3124761989 rcvnxt: 3124763317 rcvwnd: 32711 rcvadv: 3124796028
SRTT: 150 ms, RTTO: 558 ms, RTV: 408 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1216, peer MSS 1216, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
مع السيناريو التالي، يكون الهدف هو ملاحظة ما يحدث إذا كان هناك مقطع مسار متوسط مع وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) لبروتوكول IP أقل واختتامه أثناء الحالة الافتراضية، وهذا يعني تعطيل TCP PMTUD. يرجى الرجوع إلى هذه الصورة.
الصورة 2. 8 - يحتوي مقطع مسار R2/R3 على وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) لبروتوكول IP أقل.
بما أن السيناريو الأولي يأخذ في الاعتبار أن معلومات BGP هي الحد الأدنى، أي أنه يمكن إنجاز أي شيء مطلوب ليتم تبادله بين أقران BGP باستخدام حزم IP التي تتناسب مع الحد الأدنى ل MTU للمسار وهو 512 بايت. باستخدام هذا الافتراض، تحدث عملية حساب MSS كما هو موضح في القسم TCP Peers غير المتصلة مباشرة. يحدد كل من R1 و R4 قيمة MSS تبلغ 1240 بايت.
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R4 - نشطة:
! – as seen from R4 – Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x15390fe8
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Wed May 12 12:09:48 2021
PCB 0x15390fe8, SO 0x15391a7c, TCPCB 0x15391368, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 835
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 39046 (Local App PID: 1196319)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1196319/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 1267 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 1280 1235 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 1991226354 snduna: 1991250450 sndnxt: 1991250450
sndmax: 1991250450 sndwnd: 32578 sndcwnd: 2480
irs: 4276699304 rcvnxt: 4276746737 rcvwnd: 31568 rcvadv: 4276778305
SRTT: 213 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 54 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 269 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 10, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
<snip>
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R1 - الخامل:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x15393770
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Wed May 12 12:09:46 2021
PCB 0x15393770, SO 0x15392224, TCPCB 0x153928cc, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 835
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1192224)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 39046
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1192224/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 1280 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 1264 1213 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 4276699304 snduna: 4276746718 sndnxt: 4276746718
sndmax: 4276746718 sndwnd: 31587 sndcwnd: 3720
irs: 1991226354 rcvnxt: 1991250431 rcvwnd: 32597 rcvadv: 1991283028
SRTT: 202 ms, RTTO: 355 ms, RTV: 153 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 309 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
<snip>
مع إنشاء جلسة BGP الآن، تذكر أنه يتم تشغيل رسالة تحديث BGP ذات حجم أعلى من الحد الأدنى لطول مسار MTU وهو 512 بايت. وكما يمكن ملاحظته من المخرجات، لا يقوم Cisco IOS XR بتعيين ال df-bit باستخدام رسالة تحديث BGP مما يعني أن معلومات BGP يتم إرسالها على حساب تجزئة الحزمة على العقد الوسيطة.
تحديث BGP الذي تم الحصول عليه من R1 - خامل:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive – BGP UPDATE
! – Note Total Length of 1097 bytes higher than the IP MTU value of 512 bytes at R2-R3 path segment
23 3.450878 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 BGP 1111 UPDATE Message
Frame 23: 1111 bytes on wire (8888 bits), 1111 bytes captured (8888 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05), Dst: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 1097
Identification: 0x5841 (22593)
Flags: 0x00
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.0.. .... = Don't fragment: Not set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0x54a4 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 39046, Seq: 20, Ack: 20, Len: 1057
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
Length: 1057
Type: UPDATE Message (2)
Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
Total Path Attribute Length: 1034
Path attributes
Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
Path Attribute - MULTI_EXIT_DISC: 0
Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
يحدث تجزئة رسالة تحديث BGP التي يتم الحصول عليها من العقدة R1 في العقدة R2 كما يمكن ملاحظتها بواسطة التقاط حركة المرور الذي تم إجراؤه على واجهة R2 GE0/0/0/1.
تجزئة IP في العقدة R2:
! – as seen from R2 – GE0/0/0/1
! – Node R2 fragments original packet in three distinct packets
4 1.334852 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 BGP 522 UPDATE Message
5 0.000289 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 IPv4 522 Fragmented IP protocol (proto=TCP 6, off=488, ID=7b41)
6 0.000122 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 IPv4 135 Fragmented IP protocol (proto=TCP 6, off=976, ID=7b41)
! – Captured frame details
Frame 4: 522 bytes on wire (4176 bits), 522 bytes captured (4176 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:61:25:f0 (fa:16:3e:61:25:f0), Dst: fa:16:3e:23:ab:27 (fa:16:3e:23:ab:27)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 508
Identification: 0x7b41 (31553)
Flags: 0x01 (More Fragments)
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.0.. .... = Don't fragment: Not set
..1. .... = More fragments: Set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 254
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0x14f1 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 39046, Seq: 4276759681, Ack: 1991250830
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
<snip>
Frame 5: 522 bytes on wire (4176 bits), 522 bytes captured (4176 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:61:25:f0 (fa:16:3e:61:25:f0), Dst: fa:16:3e:23:ab:27 (fa:16:3e:23:ab:27)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 508
Identification: 0x7b41 (31553)
Flags: 0x01 (More Fragments)
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.0.. .... = Don't fragment: Not set
..1. .... = More fragments: Set
Fragment offset: 488
Time to live: 254
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0x14b4 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Data (488 bytes)
<snip>
Frame 6: 135 bytes on wire (1080 bits), 135 bytes captured (1080 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:61:25:f0 (fa:16:3e:61:25:f0), Dst: fa:16:3e:23:ab:27 (fa:16:3e:23:ab:27)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 121
Identification: 0x7b41 (31553)
Flags: 0x00
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.0.. .... = Don't fragment: Not set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 976
Time to live: 254
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0x35fa [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Data (101 bytes)
<snip>
بمجرد تمكين PMTUD، ثم بغض النظر عما إذا كان النظراء متصلين مباشرة أو غير مباشرة، فإن الحساب الأولي MSS يأخذ في الاعتبار دائما واجهة المخرج IP MTU.
يوفر هذا السيناريو رؤية حول السلوك المتوقع عند تمكين PMTUD. هنا، cisco ios XR يلعب عقدة R4 الدور نشط، يدير ال TCP توصيل، ويفتح ال TCP جلسة مع cisco ios XR عقدة R1 على غاية ميناء 179. تستخدم كل من العقد قيم IP MTU الافتراضية على الواجهات الخاصة بها.
الصورة 3.1 - تم تمكين TCP PMTUD.
يمكن تلخيص حساب MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
من أجل إبراز التغيير في السلوك الذي تم إدخاله من خلال تمكين PMTUD، توضح المخرجات التالية تسلسل الأحداث:
كما هو موضح في R4 - ACTIVE - TCP PMTUD معطل (افتراضي):
! – as seen on R4 – Active
! – TCP path mtu discovery disabled (default)
! – TCP session initial state
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x121536c8
Fri Jan 8 16:06:30.237 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 16:05:15 2021
PCB 0x121536c8, SO 0x12155370, TCPCB 0x12154f64, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 376
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 20155 (Local App PID: 1052958)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 6 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 3 2 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 357400981 snduna: 357401257 sndnxt: 357401257
sndmax: 357401257 sndwnd: 32546 sndcwnd: 3720
irs: 524019443 rcvnxt: 524019719 rcvwnd: 32565 rcvadv: 524052284
SRTT: 72 ms, RTTO: 416 ms, RTV: 344 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
كما هو موضح في R1 - خامل - TCP PMTUD معطل (افتراضي):
! – as seen on R1 - Passive
! – TCP path mtu discovery disabled (default)
! – TCP session initial state
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x12157020
Fri Jan 8 16:05:52.868 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 16:05:12 2021
PCB 0x12157020, SO 0x121565ac, TCPCB 0x121560ec, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 376
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 983326)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 20155
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 3 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 3 1 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 524019443 snduna: 524019700 sndnxt: 524019700
sndmax: 524019700 sndwnd: 32584 sndcwnd: 3720
irs: 357400981 rcvnxt: 357401238 rcvwnd: 32565 rcvadv: 357433803
SRTT: 46 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 249 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
كما هو موضح في R4 - ACTIVE - TCP PMTUD ممكن:
! – 'debug tcp pmtud' output on R4
! - tcp path mtu discovery enabled and uses default Path MTU aging timer (10 min / 600000 msec)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:09:28.285 : tcp[399]: [t21] Try to enable path MTU discovery(neww age timer: 10 min)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:09:28.285 : tcp[399]: [t21] Path mtu is ON (age-timer: 10)
! – as seen on R4 – Active
! – TCP PMTUD is enabled
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x121536c8
Fri Jan 8 16:11:00.138 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 16:05:15 2021
PCB 0x121536c8, SO 0x12155370, TCPCB 0x12154f64, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 376
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 20155 (Local App PID: 1052958)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 10 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 7 4 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 1 0 508096
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 357400981 snduna: 357401333 sndnxt: 357401333
sndmax: 357401333 sndwnd: 32470 sndcwnd: 3720
irs: 524019443 rcvnxt: 524019795 rcvwnd: 32489 rcvadv: 524052284
SRTT: 116 ms, RTTO: 578 ms, RTV: 462 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: PMTU ager
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
كما هو موضح في R1 - سلبي - TCP PMTUD ممكن:
! – 'debug tcp pmtud' output on R1
! - tcp path mtu discovery is enabled and uses default Path MTU aging timer (10 min / 600000 msec)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:09:25.214 : tcp[399]: [t21] Try to enable path MTU discovery(neww age timer: 10 min)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:09:25.214 : tcp[399]: [t21] Path mtu is ON (age-timer: 10)
! – as seen on R1 - Passive
! – TCP PMTUD is enabled
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x12157020
Fri Jan 8 16:10:03.101 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 16:05:12 2021
PCB 0x12157020, SO 0x121565ac, TCPCB 0x121560ec, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 376
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 983326)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 20155
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 7 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 7 4 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 1 0 562042
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 524019443 snduna: 524019776 sndnxt: 524019776
sndmax: 524019776 sndwnd: 32508 sndcwnd: 3720
irs: 357400981 rcvnxt: 357401314 rcvwnd: 32489 rcvadv: 357433803
SRTT: 95 ms, RTTO: 528 ms, RTV: 433 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: PMTU ager
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1240, peer MSS 1240, min MSS 1240, max MSS 1240
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
لاحظ سلوك مؤقت PMTU Ager:
! – Note PmtuAger timer initial value is 10min
! – but after initial interval expires then it expires every 2min
! – As seen from 'debug tcp pmtud' output
! – TCP PMTUD is enabled
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:09:25.214 : tcp[399]: [t21] Try to enable path MTU discovery(neww age timer: 10 min)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:09:25.214 : tcp[399]: [t21] Path mtu is ON (age-timer: 10)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:19:25.233 : tcp[399]: [t21] PCB 0x12157020: Trying next higher MTU: 1240
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:21:25.245 : tcp[399]: [t21] PCB 0x12157020: Trying next higher MTU: 1240
RP/0/0/CPU0:Jan 8 16:23:25.256 : tcp[399]: [t21] PCB 0x12157020: Trying next higher MTU: 1240
كما هو موضح في R4 - نشط - إعادة تشغيل جلسة BGP - TCP SYN:
! – Once BGP session is cleared
! – TCP SYN sourced from R4 – Active
! – MSS calculation takes place and is influenced by TCP PMTUD
2734 4.810311 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 TCP 62 32077 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1
Frame 2734: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6), Dst: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.4, Dst: 192.168.0.1
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 32077, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 32077
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 25]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x6398 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
كما هو موضح في R1 - Passive - إعادة تشغيل جلسة BGP - TCP SYN، ACK.
! – Once BGP session is cleared
! – TCP SYN,ACK sourced from R1 - Passive
! – MSS calculation takes place and is influenced by TCP PMTUD
2735 0.003879 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 62 179 → 32077 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1
Frame 2735: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54), Dst: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 32077, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 32077
[Stream index: 25]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xbf77 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة TCP كما تظهر على R4 - ACTIVE - بعد تمكين TCP PMTUD ومسح جلسة BGP:
! – BGP session re-established
! – as seen on R4 – Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x121567f4
Fri Jan 8 16:45:13.928 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 16:41:49 2021
PCB 0x121567f4, SO 0x12154460, TCPCB 0x12156190, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 10
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 32077 (Local App PID: 1052958)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 8 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 5 3 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 1254100669 snduna: 1254100983 sndnxt: 1254100983
sndmax: 1254100983 sndwnd: 32508 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 839938559 rcvnxt: 839938873 rcvwnd: 32527 rcvadv: 839971400
SRTT: 79 ms, RTTO: 485 ms, RTV: 406 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
تفاصيل جلسة TCP كما تظهر على R1 - Passive - بعد تمكين TCP PMTUD ومسح جلسة BGP.
! – BGP session re-established
! – as seen on R1 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x121558cc
Fri Jan 8 16:44:59.448 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Fri Jan 8 16:41:46 2021
PCB 0x121558cc, SO 0x121556d4, TCPCB 0x121575bc, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 10
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 983326)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 32077
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 6 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 6 3 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 839938559 snduna: 839938873 sndnxt: 839938873
sndmax: 839938873 sndwnd: 32527 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 1254100669 rcvnxt: 1254100983 rcvwnd: 32508 rcvadv: 1254133491
SRTT: 76 ms, RTTO: 454 ms, RTV: 378 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 219 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
ساعد السيناريو السابق على فهم ما يحدث عند إنشاء جلسة عمل TCP الأولية مع تمكين PMTUD. يعتمد هذا السيناريو على الجزء العلوي ويساعد على فهم كيفية عمل TCP PMTUD والتأثير الذي يتمتع به على جلسات TCP الثابتة.
الصورة 3. 2 - تم تمكين PMTUD، وقسم المسار يحتوي على IP MTU أقل.
اعتبر الصورة السابقة كمرجع، وافتراض أن جلسة BGP تم إنشاؤها، يرسل R1 رسالة تحديث BGP التي يتم نقلها بواسطة حزمة IP بحجم أكبر من 512 بايت. مع تمكين PMTUD، فإن DF-bit (لا تتجزء) يتم ضبطه الآن. وبالتالي، تقوم العقدة R2 بإسقاط حزمة IP وإرسال رسالة ICMP (بروتوكول رسائل التحكم في الإنترنت) (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4) مرة أخرى إلى R1. عند العقدة R1 بعد إستلام رسالة ICMP، يتم تشغيل PMTUD ويحاول إنشاء المسار الأقل IP MTU. يفعل ذلك باستخدام القيمة الأقل التالية من مجموعة مستويات مستويات محددة جيدا، والتي تعتبر قيمة MSS لجلسة TCP جديدة. يرسل TCP بعد ذلك تحديث BGP الأصلي باستخدام قيمة MSS الجديدة وتتكرر هذه العملية بعدد المرات حسب المطلوب حتى لا يتم تلقي رسالة ICMP (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4). وهذا يعني أنه حتى تصبح قيمة MSS قيد الاستخدام بحيث تقع كل حزمة مرسلة أسفل مقطع المسار الأدنى IP MTU. ومع مرور الوقت، يمر "الحشد الشعبي" الذي يحكمه جهاز توقيت "حموآب" عبر مستويات الهضبة في الإتجاه المعاكس ويعيد "نظام الأمن العسكري" إلى أعلى قيمة له. في أي وقت معين، إذا تم تلقي رسالة ICMP (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3 ؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4) مرة أخرى، فإن PMTUD يتصرف كما هو موضح مسبقا.
وتمر المخرجات التالية عبر سلوك PMTUD الذي تم وصفه للتو ويبدأ من سيناريو جلسة TCP راسخة. هنا، تلعب العقدة R4 من Cisco IOS XR دورا نشطا ومن ثم تقوم بإدارة اتصال TCP وتفتح جلسة عمل TCP مع R1 على المنفذ الوجهة 179. تستخدم كل من العقد قيم IP MTU الافتراضية على الواجهات الخاصة بها. يمكن تلخيص الحساب الأولي للدائرة في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
TCP SYN المصدر من R4:
! – Initial TCP session establishment
! – TCP SYN sourced from R4
392 6.752774 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 TCP 62 32449 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1
Frame 392: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80), Dst: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.4, Dst: 192.168.0.1
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 32449, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 32449
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 10]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x6858 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R1:
! – Initial TCP session establishment
! – TCP SYN,ACK sourced from R1
393 0.003628 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 62 179 → 32449 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1
Frame 393: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05), Dst: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 32449, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 32449
[Stream index: 10]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 28 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x509e [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (8 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1460
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
End of Option List (EOL)
مع إنشاء جلسة BGP، ترسل العقدة R1 رسالة تحديث BGP وتستلم رسالة ICMP (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3 ؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4) في إرجاع مصدرها من العقدة R2.
يحدث هذا لأن حزمة IP التي تحمل رسالة تحديث BGP لها مجموعة بت DF و MTU ل IP بقيمة 512 بايت المستخدمة في مقطع R2/R3 أقل من حجم حزمة IP بمقدار 1116 بايت. كما تم توضيحه سابقا، يؤدي إستقبال رسالة بروتوكول ICMP إلى تشغيل PMTUD.
في R1 ICMP، يتم إستلام الرسالة من النوع 3/Code 4:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
! – After session is established R1 sends BGP Update message with IP length of 1116 Bytes
! – note IP Header Flags shows DF bit set
528 5.893055 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 BGP 1130 UPDATE Message, KEEPALIVE Message
Frame 528: 1130 bytes on wire (9040 bits), 1130 bytes captured (9040 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05), Dst: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 1116
Identification: 0x8c37 (35895)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0xe09a [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 32449, Seq: 318, Ack: 251, Len: 1076
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
Border Gateway Protocol - KEEPALIVE Message
<snip>
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
! – IP MTU on R2/R3 is lower than IP packet length and DF bit is set
! – R1 receives ICMP error message from R2
! – note R2 ICMP error message carries Next-Hop MTU
! – “The size in octets of the largest datagram that could be forwarded, along the path of
! the original datagram, without being fragmented at this router. The size includes the
! IP header and IP data, and does not include any lower-level headers.”
529 0.002423 10.2.3.1 192.168.0.1 ICMP 110 Destination unreachable (Fragmentation needed)
Frame 529: 110 bytes on wire (880 bits), 110 bytes captured (880 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80), Dst: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.2.3.1, Dst: 192.168.0.1
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 96
Identification: 0x0001 (1)
Flags: 0x00
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: ICMP (1)
Header checksum: 0xac97 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 10.2.3.1
Destination: 192.168.0.1
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Internet Control Message Protocol
Type: 3 (Destination unreachable)
Code: 4 (Fragmentation needed)
Checksum: 0x2d52 [correct]
[Checksum Status: Good]
Length: 17
[Length of original datagram: 68]
Unused: 0011
MTU of next hop: 512
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 1116
Identification: 0x8c37 (35895)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 254
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0xe19a [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 32449, Seq: 2847698730, Ack: 2130367817
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
[Packet size limited during capture: IPv4 truncated]
عند العقدة R1، التي يتم تشغيلها بواسطة رسالة ICMP، يحاول TCP PMTUD إنشاء IP MTU الأقل من نهاية إلى نهاية باستخدام القيمة الأقل التالية من مجموعة من مستويات المستويات المحددة جيدا (IP MTU). يتم توثيق مستويات المستويات هذه على RFC1191 - اكتشاف وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) للمسار.
MTU plateaus from RFC 1191
- values include both TCP and IP headers
65535
32000
17914
8166
4352
2002
1492
1006
508
296
68
ولكن نظرا لأن رسالة ICMP (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4) التي يتم استقبالها بواسطة العقدة R1 تنقل وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) الخاصة بالخطوة التالية ثم كما هو معروض لاحقا، فإن العقدة R1 تستخدم هذه القيمة، والتي هي في مثالنا 512 بايت، وتضبط قيمة MSS لجلسة عمل TCP. لاحظ أن طول مقطع TCP الأصلي كان 1076 بايت، وبالتالي يلزم وجود ثلاث حزم لإعادة إرسال مقطع TCP الأصلي.
كما رأينا على R1 - السلبي - العملية PMTUD:
! – As seen from R1 – Passive
! – Hint is provided by ICMP unreachable message MTU of next-hop field: 512 bytes
! – R1 then considers this value and retransmits BGP Update split in three distinct packets
! – Sum of TCP length = 472 + 472 + 132 = 1076 bytes
530 0.007497 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 526 [TCP Out-Of-Order] 179 → 32449 [ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=472
532 0.015374 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 526 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 32449 [ACK] Seq=790 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=472
533 0.004129 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 186 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 32449 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1262 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=132
وكما ذكر سابقا عندما يتم إرسال جميع الحزم عبر الوقت، يسير PMTUD عبر مستويات الهضبة في الإتجاه المعاكس الذي يحكمه جهاز توقيت PmtuAger ويحاول رفع MSS إلى أقصى قيمة له وفقا للسيناريو القائم.
كما رأينا على R1 - PMTUD عبر هضاب محددة:
! – As seen from R1 – Passive – 'debug tcp pmtud' and 'debug icmp' active
! – TCP PMTUD is triggered once ICMP unreachable received
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:09:22.763 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: IPv4 ICMP: Received ICMP too big from 192.168.0.1 about 192.168.0.4, MTU=512
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:09:22.763 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: ipv4_icmp_unreachable_rcvd ICMP unreach recvd: sending pak(0xb0c07d8f) to transport: 6, tid: 5
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:09:22.763 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: ip_icmp_lib_ipv4_receive: sending pak(0xb0c07d8f) to transport: 1, tid: 5
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:09:22.763 UTC: tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x15393770: Process ICMP Dest-unreach (next hop mtu: 512)
! – attempt new MSS 472 = MTU of next-hop(512) - TCP_H(20) - IP_H(20)
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:09:22.763 UTC: tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x15393770: Process ICMP Dest-unreach (next hop mtu: 512)
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:09:22.763 UTC: tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x15393770: Try to use new MSS: 472
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:09:22.763 UTC: tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x15393770, New path MTU decided to use: 472 configured tp_user_mss 0
! – over time PMTUD attempts to raise MSS as per egress interface configured MTU
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:19:22.782 UTC: tcp[399]: [t23] PCB 0x15393770: Trying next higher MTU: 966
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:21:22.793 UTC: tcp[399]: [t23] PCB 0x15393770: Trying next higher MTU: 1452
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 12 09:23:22.805 UTC: tcp[399]: [t23] PCB 0x15393770: Trying next higher MTU: 1460
ويمكن ملاحظة الحالة النهائية لهذه النواتج. لاحظ على وجه الخصوص قيم الحد الأدنى والحد الأقصى MSS التي يتم عرضها بواسطة العقدة R1، والتي تسلط الضوء على الإشارات التي تم تشغيل PMTUD عليها.
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R4 - نشطة:
! – Final stage as seen from R4 – Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x153913b8
Wed May 12 10:09:43.246 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Wed May 12 09:02:07 2021
PCB 0x153913b8, SO 0x153917f0, TCPCB 0x1538fb58, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 382
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 32449 (Local App PID: 1196319)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1196319/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 72 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 71 69 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 2130367566 snduna: 2130368957 sndnxt: 2130368957
sndmax: 2130368957 sndwnd: 31453 sndcwnd: 2920
irs: 2847698412 rcvnxt: 2847700946 rcvwnd: 31799 rcvadv: 2847732745
SRTT: 220 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 12 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 10, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R1 - الخامل:
! – Final stage as seen from R1 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x15393770
Wed May 12 10:12:41.432 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 240, socket status: 0
Established at Wed May 12 09:02:05 2021
PCB 0x15393770, SO 0x15394ea0, TCPCB 0x15391c0c, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 382
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1192224)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 32449
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1192224/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 75 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 73 71 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 28 27 41595
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 2847698412 snduna: 2847701003 sndnxt: 2847701003
sndmax: 2847701003 sndwnd: 31742 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 2130367566 rcvnxt: 2130369014 rcvwnd: 31396 rcvadv: 2130400410
SRTT: 224 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 23 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 259 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: PMTU ager
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 472, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x20 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
وأخيرا، إذا تم في أي وقت معين تلقي رسالة ICMP (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3 ؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4) مرة أخرى، فعندئذ يتم تلقي PMTUD مرة أخرى كما هو موضح مسبقا.
كما هو موضح من R1 - Passive - PMTUD قد تم تشغيله مرة أخرى:
! – As seen from R1 – Passive
! – TCP PMTUD is again triggered upon new ICMP unreachable received
! – Behavior can be triggered via clearing redistributed, network and aggregate routes originated
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#clear bgp ipv4 all self-originated
Wed May 12 10:19:06.836 UTC
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
! – New BGP update message is sourced from R1 after clear bgp command
1707 1.712657 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 BGP 1121 UPDATE Message
Frame 1707: 1121 bytes on wire (8968 bits), 1121 bytes captured (8968 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05), Dst: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 1107
Identification: 0x1a38 (6712)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0x52a3 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 32449, Seq: 2705, Ack: 1562, Len: 1067
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
! – ICMP Destination Unreachable / Fragmentation needed is received and triggers PMTUD
1708 0.001614 10.2.3.1 192.168.0.1 ICMP 110 Destination unreachable (Fragmentation needed)
Frame 1708: 110 bytes on wire (880 bits), 110 bytes captured (880 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80), Dst: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.2.3.1, Dst: 192.168.0.1
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 96
Identification: 0x0002 (2)
Flags: 0x00
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: ICMP (1)
Header checksum: 0xac96 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 10.2.3.1
Destination: 192.168.0.1
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Internet Control Message Protocol
Type: 3 (Destination unreachable)
Code: 4 (Fragmentation needed)
Checksum: 0x3b73 [correct]
[Checksum Status: Good]
Length: 17
[Length of original datagram: 68]
Unused: 0011
MTU of next hop: 512
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 1107
Identification: 0x1a38 (6712)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 254
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0x53a3 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 32449, Seq: 2847701117, Ack: 2130369128
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
! – Note new/updated MSS value and PmtuAger
! - MSS 472 ; Aligned with “MTU of next hop” value contained in ICMP message
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x15393770
Wed May 12 10:19:31.494 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 240, socket status: 0
Established at Wed May 12 09:02:05 2021
PCB 0x15393770, SO 0x15394ea0, TCPCB 0x15391c0c, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 382
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1192224)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 32449
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1192224/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 83 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 80 77 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 32 30 575401
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 2847698412 snduna: 2847702184 sndnxt: 2847702184
sndmax: 2847702184 sndwnd: 32173 sndcwnd: 944
irs: 2130367566 rcvnxt: 2130369147 rcvwnd: 32730 rcvadv: 2130401877
SRTT: 221 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 16 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 259 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: PMTU ager
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 472, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 472, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x20 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
في إصدارات Cisco IOS XR التي تأثرت بمعرف تصحيح الأخطاء من Cisco CSCvf10395، يتم تجاهل الخطوة التالية الموجودة في رسالة خطأ ICMP وتحاول العقدة إنشاء أقل MTU من نهاية إلى نهاية باستخدام القيمة الأقل التالية من مجموعة مستويات المستويات المحددة جيدا (IP MTU) التي تم ذكرها مسبقا وتوثيقها بواسطة اكتشاف وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) للمسار RFC1191. تحدث هذه المحاولات حتى الإرسال الناجح، وهذا يعني أن رسائل ICMP (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3 ؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4) لم تعد يتم استقبالها.
كما يرى من عقدة مع إصدار Cisco IOS XR متأثر بمعرف تصحيح الأخطاء من Cisco CSCvf10395:
! – As seen from IOX XR node with a release impacted by Cisco bug ID CSCvf10395
! – Node ignores “MTU of next hop” and tries next lower plateau
! – This is observed till ICMP error messages are no longer received
! – Practical consequence is extra retransmissions occurrence
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:32.929 : tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x12152adc: Process ICMP Dest-unreach (next hop mtu: 33554432)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:32.929 : tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x12152adc: Invalid next hop mtu (33554432), ignore it
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:34.649 : tcp[399]: [t27] PCB 0x12152adc: Trying next lower MTU: 1452 <<<<<<<< HERE: Plateau 1492
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:35.519 : tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x12152adc: Process ICMP Dest-unreach (next hop mtu: 33554432)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:35.519 : tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x12152adc: Invalid next hop mtu (33554432), ignore it
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:37.239 : tcp[399]: [t27] PCB 0x12152adc: Trying next lower MTU: 966 <<<<<<<< HERE: Plateau 1006
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:38.109 : tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x12152adc: Process ICMP Dest-unreach (next hop mtu: 33554432)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:38.109 : tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x12152adc: Invalid next hop mtu (33554432), ignore it
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 23 17:05:39.829 : tcp[399]: [t27] PCB 0x12152adc: Trying next lower MTU: 468 <<<<<<<< HERE: Plateau 508
بينما تعتبر الخطوة التالية نفس السيناريو ولكن مع بروتوكول توزيع التسمية (LDP) عبر جميع الواجهات. والهدف هنا هو فهم الاختلافات التي يمكن ملاحظتها من السيناريوهات السابقة في بيئة تم فيها تمكين MPLS.
الصورة 3.3 - تم تمكين PMTUD، وقسم المسار به IP MTU - سيناريو MPLS أقل.
أولا، خذ في الاعتبار المرحلة الأولية من جلسة بروتوكول بوابة الحدود (BGP) التي تم إنشاؤها قبل بدء تشغيل PMTUD كما هو موضح هنا.
الحالة الأولية ل TCP (BGP) كما هو موضح في R4 - السيناريو النشط - الذي تم تمكين MPLS به:
! – as seen on R4 – Active
! – TCP path MTU discovery enabled
! – MPLS LDP enabled
! – TCP session initial state
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x153bdaf0
Mon May 17 08:32:16.673 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Mon May 17 08:31:57 2021
PCB 0x153bdaf0, SO 0x153acc80, TCPCB 0x153acea8, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 757
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 57400 (Local App PID: 1196319)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1196319/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 5 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 2 1 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 1386459919 snduna: 1386460037 sndnxt: 1386460037
sndmax: 1386460037 sndwnd: 32726 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 3874414679 rcvnxt: 3874414864 rcvwnd: 32678 rcvadv: 3874447542
SRTT: 48 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 228 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 10, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 1 Label Stack: 0x5dc2
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
الحالة الأولية ل TCP (BGP) كما هو موضح في R1 - خامل - سيناريو تم تمكين MPLS عليه:
! – as seen on R1 – Passive
! – TCP path MTU discovery enabled
! – MPLS LDP enabled
! – TCP session initial state
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x153acc8c
Mon May 17 08:32:56.618 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Mon May 17 08:31:55 2021
PCB 0x153acc8c, SO 0x153adad4, TCPCB 0x153adcfc, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 757
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1192224)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 57400
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1192224/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 3 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 3 1 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3874414679 snduna: 3874414864 sndnxt: 3874414864
sndmax: 3874414864 sndwnd: 32678 sndcwnd: 4380
irs: 1386459919 rcvnxt: 1386460037 rcvwnd: 32726 rcvadv: 1386492763
SRTT: 45 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 239 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 229 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x20 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 1 Label Stack: 0x5dc3
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
في هذا السيناريو الذي تم تمكين MPLS به، يلاحظ تحديد تفاصيل جلسات TCP (LDP). لاحظ أن كل ما تم وصفه سابقا فيما يتعلق بحساب MSS لجلسات TCP (BGP)، ينطبق على جلسات TCP (LDP) أيضا. على سبيل المثال، يمكن تلخيص حساب MSS لجلسة عمل العقد R3 و R2 TCP (LDP) كما يلي:
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP (LDP) كما هو موضح في R3 - نشط - سيناريو تم تمكين MPLS به:
! – as seen on R3 – Active
! – TCP path MTU discovery enabled
! – MPLS LDP enabled
! – TCP session initial state
RP/0/0/CPU0:R3#show tcp detail pcb 0x15393fbc
Mon May 17 08:33:30.627 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Mon May 17 08:30:04 2021
PCB 0x15393fbc, SO 0x15393d94, TCPCB 0x153941b4, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 970
Local host: 192.168.0.3, Local port: 57146 (Local App PID: 1151216)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.2, Foreign port: 646
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1151216/0/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 16384)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 16384) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 60)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 8 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 6 4 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 2917752466 snduna: 2917752838 sndnxt: 2917752838
sndmax: 2917752838 sndwnd: 16013 sndcwnd: 944
irs: 228184383 rcvnxt: 228184763 rcvwnd: 16005 rcvadv: 228200768
SRTT: 103 ms, RTTO: 580 ms, RTV: 477 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 279 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 1, connect retry interval: 3 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 472, peer MSS 472, min MSS 472, max MSS 472
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_SEL, SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/16384
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/16384, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 1 Label Stack: 0x5dc2
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R3#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP (LDP) كما هو موضح في R2 - سلبي - سيناريو تم تمكين MPLS به:
! – as seen on R2 – Passive
! – TCP path MTU discovery enabled
! – MPLS LDP enabled
! – TCP session initial state
RP/0/0/CPU0:R2#show tcp detail pcb 0x153a1f44
Mon May 17 08:34:28.843 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Mon May 17 08:30:31 2021
PCB 0x153a1f44, SO 0x153a1d1c, TCPCB 0x153a213c, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 970
Local host: 192.168.0.2, Local port: 646 (Local App PID: 1151216)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.3, Foreign port: 57146
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1151216/0/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 16384)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 16384) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 60)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 7 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 7 5 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 228184383 snduna: 228184763 sndnxt: 228184763
sndmax: 228184763 sndwnd: 16005 sndcwnd: 944
irs: 2917752466 rcvnxt: 2917752856 rcvwnd: 15995 rcvadv: 2917768851
SRTT: 95 ms, RTTO: 561 ms, RTV: 466 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 0 ms, maxRTT: 219 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 472, peer MSS 472, min MSS 472, max MSS 472
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_SEL, SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/16384
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/16384, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x60 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 1 Label Stack: 0x5dc1
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R2#
بعد إنشاء جلسة BGP، يرسل R1 رسالة تحديث BGP ويستلم رسالة ICMP (الوجهة يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4) في إرجاع مصدرها من العقدة R2 التي تقوم بتشغيل TCP PMTUD في العقدة R1. يحدث هذا لأن حزمة IP التي تحمل رسالة تحديث BGP لها مجموعة بت DF و MTU ل IP بقيمة 512 بايت المستخدمة في مقطع R2/R3 أقل من حجم حزمة IP بمقدار 1116 بايت. وكما هو الحال من قبل، يؤدي إستلام رسالة ICMP هذه إلى تشغيل PMTUD. يكمن الفرق في السيناريو الذي تم تمكين MPLS به عند مقارنته مع السيناريوهات السابقة غير MPLS في ما يتعلق بوحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) لقيمة الخطوة التالية المضمنة في رسالة بروتوكول ICMP للعقدة R2 (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4). في هذا السيناريو الذي تم تمكين MPLS به، يتم حساب MTU لقيمة الخطوة التالية للزيادة الإضافية ل MPLS التي تبلغ 4 بايت، مما يعني أنها تمثل مكدس تسميات MPLS للخارج في R2، كما هو موضح في هذه المخرجات.
اكتشاف MTU لمسار TCP في الإجراء كما هو موضح في R1 - السيناريو الخامل - MPLS-الذي تم تمكينه:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
! – R1 sends BGP Update message with IP length of 1116 Bytes
! – Note MPLS Header as packet is to be label-switched (single label ; IGP label)
! – note IP Header Flags shows DF bit set
455 0.044859 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 BGP 1134 UPDATE Message, KEEPALIVE Message
Frame 455: 1134 bytes on wire (9072 bits), 1134 bytes captured (9072 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05), Dst: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80)
MultiProtocol Label Switching Header, Label: 24002, Exp: 6, S: 1, TTL: 255
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 1116
Identification: 0xc6dd (50909)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.1.. .... = Don't fragment: Set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0xa5f4 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 57400, Seq: 242, Ack: 175, Len: 1076
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
Border Gateway Protocol - KEEPALIVE Message
<snip>
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
! – IP MTU on R2/R3 of 512 bytes is lower than IP packet length and DF bit is set
! – R1 receives ICMP error message from R2
! – note R2 ICMP error message carries Next-Hop MTU
! – “The size in octets of the largest datagram that could be forwarded, along the path of
! the original datagram, without being fragmented at this router. The size includes the
! IP header and IP data, and does not include any lower-level headers.”
! – In present MPLS-enabled scenario Next-Hop MTU value is 508 bytes
! – In previous non-MPLS scenario Next-Hop MTU value was 512 bytes
456 0.014117 10.2.3.1 192.168.0.1 ICMP 182 Destination unreachable (Fragmentation needed)
Frame 456: 182 bytes on wire (1456 bits), 182 bytes captured (1456 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80), Dst: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.2.3.1, Dst: 192.168.0.1
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 168
Identification: 0x001f (31)
Flags: 0x00
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.0.. .... = Don't fragment: Not set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not se
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 251
Protocol: ICMP (1)
Header checksum: 0xb031 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 10.2.3.1
Destination: 192.168.0.1
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Internet Control Message Protocol
Type: 3 (Destination unreachable)
Code: 4 (Fragmentation needed)
Checksum: 0x5199 [correct]
[Checksum Status: Good]
Length: 17
[Length of original datagram: 68]
Unused: 0011
MTU of next hop: 508
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 57400, Seq: 3874414921, Ack: 1386460094
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
! – As seen from R1 – Passive
! – Hint is provided by ICMP unreachable message MTU of next-hop field: 508 bytes
! – R1 then considers this value and retransmits BGP Update split in three distinct packets
! – Sum of TCP length = 468 + 468 + 140 = 1076 bytes
457 0.006689 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 526 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57400 [ACK] Seq=242 Ack=175 Win=32669 Len=468
460 0.004001 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 526 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57400 [ACK] Seq=710 Ack=175 Win=32669 Len=468
461 0.001788 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 198 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57400 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1178 Ack=175 Win=32669 Len=140
463 0.056695 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 TCP 54 57400 → 179 [ACK] Seq=175 Ack=1318 Win=31545 Len=0
! – As seen from R1 – Passive – 'debug tcp pmtud' and 'debug icmp' active
! – TCP PMTUD is triggered once ICMP unreachable received
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:29:56.131 UTC: tcp[399]: [t1] Try to enable path MTU discovery(neww age timer: 10 min)
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:29:56.131 UTC: tcp[399]: [t1] Path mtu is ON (age-timer: 10)
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: ip_icmp_lib_ipv4_receive: Receiving pak(0xb0c07d8f) tid: 5
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: Entering ipv4_mtu_update_cb
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: IPv4 ICMP: Received ICMP too big from 192.168.0.1 about 192.168.0.4, MTU=508
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: ipv4_icmp_unreachable_rcvd ICMP unreach recvd: sending pak(0xb0c07d8f) to transport: 6, tid: 5
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: ipv4_io[266]: ip_icmp_lib_ipv4_receive: sending pak(0xb0c07d8f) to transport: 1, tid: 5
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x153acc8c: Process ICMP Dest-unreach (next hop mtu: 508)
! – attempt new MSS 468 = MTU of next-hop(508) - TCP_H(20) - IP_H(20)
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x153acc8c: Try to use new MSS: 468
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:35:51.726 UTC: tcp[399]: [t4] PCB 0x153acc8c, New path MTU decided to use: 468 configured tp_user_mss 0
! – over time PMTUD attempts to raise MSS as per egress interface configured MTU
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:45:51.745 UTC: tcp[399]: [t29] PCB 0x153acc8c: Trying next higher MTU: 966
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:47:51.757 UTC: tcp[399]: [t29] PCB 0x153acc8c: Trying next higher MTU: 1452
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 17 08:49:51.769 UTC: tcp[399]: [t29] PCB 0x153acc8c: Trying next higher MTU: 1460
كما هو موضح من R1 - خامل - تم تشغيل TCP PMTUD - سيناريو تم تمكين MPLS به:
! – as seen on R1 – Passive
! – R1 session details after TCP PMTUD trigger
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x153acc8c
Mon May 17 08:43:07.077 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 240, socket status: 0
Established at Mon May 17 08:31:55 2021
PCB 0x153acc8c, SO 0x153adad4, TCPCB 0x153adcfc, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 757
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 1192224)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 57400
(Local App PID/instance/SPL_APP_ID: 1192224/1/0)
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 15 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 14 9 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 1 0 164599
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3874414679 snduna: 3874416130 sndnxt: 3874416130
sndmax: 3874416130 sndwnd: 31412 sndcwnd: 936
irs: 1386459919 rcvnxt: 1386460246 rcvwnd: 32517 rcvadv: 1386492763
SRTT: 180 ms, RTTO: 509 ms, RTV: 329 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: PMTU ager
Feature flags: Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 468, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 468, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
Socket misc info : Rcv data size (sb_cc) 0, so_qlen 0,
so_q0len 0, so_qlimit 0, so_error 0
so_auto_rearm 1
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x20 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 1 Label Stack: 0x5dc3
Num of peers with authentication info: 0
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
لاحظ أنه في السيناريو الذي تم تمكين MPLS به قيمة وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) للخطوة التالية المضمنة في حسابات رسائل بروتوكول ICMP للعقدة R2 لمكدس تسميات MPLS للخروج. ولتعزيز هذا الوجه أكثر، تأملوا في المثال التالي. إذا كانت حزمة IP التي تمت تصفيتها في R2 مرتبطة بخدمة L3VPN، فهذا يعني أن إطار الإيثرنت يحمل الآن عنوانين (تسمية IGP وتسمية VPN). ثم تعكس وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) للخطوة التالية حجم مكدس التسمية المطلوب. ارجع إلى هذه المخرجات.
كما هو موضح على R1 - خامل - حزمة خدمة L3 VPN:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
! – L3 VPN service packet is sourced by node R1 and destined to node R4
! – Note presence of MPLS label stack – both IGP and VPN label are present
! – Note IP Total Length of 610 bytes higher than the IP MTU on R2/R3 segment
! – note IP Header Flags shows DF bit set
2024 0.302370 10.1.14.1 10.1.14.14 TELNET 632 Telnet Data ...
Frame 2024: 632 bytes on wire (5056 bits), 632 bytes captured (5056 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05), Dst: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80)
MultiProtocol Label Switching Header, Label: 24002, Exp: 0, S: 0, TTL: 255
0000 0101 1101 1100 0010 .... .... .... = MPLS Label: 24002
.... .... .... .... .... 000. .... .... = MPLS Experimental Bits: 0
.... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... .... = MPLS Bottom Of Label Stack: 0
.... .... .... .... .... .... 1111 1111 = MPLS TTL: 255
MultiProtocol Label Switching Header, Label: 24005, Exp: 0, S: 1, TTL: 255
0000 0101 1101 1100 0101 .... .... .... = MPLS Label: 24005
.... .... .... .... .... 000. .... .... = MPLS Experimental Bits: 0
.... .... .... .... .... ...1 .... .... = MPLS Bottom Of Label Stack: 1
.... .... .... .... .... .... 1111 1111 = MPLS TTL: 255
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.1.14.1, Dst: 10.1.14.14
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 610
Identification: 0x7c9f (31903)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.1.. .... = Don't fragment: Set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0xcce5 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 10.1.14.1
Destination: 10.1.14.14
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 22008, Dst Port: 23, Seq: 34755, Ack: 93250, Len: 570
كما هو موضح في R1 - خامل - خدمة L3 VPN - نوع ICMP 3/الرمز 4:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
! – IP MTU on R2/R3 of 512 bytes is lower than IP packet length and DF bit is set
! – R1 receives ICMP error message from R2
! – note R2 ICMP error message carries Next-Hop MTU
! – “The size in octets of the largest datagram that could be forwarded, along the path of
! the original datagram, without being fragmented at this router. The size includes the
! IP header and IP data, and does not include any lower-level headers.”
! – In present L3VPN MPLS-enabled scenario (dual-label) Next-Hop MTU value is 504 bytes
! – In previous MPLS scenario (single-label) Next-Hop MTU value was 508 bytes
2030 0.020299 10.2.3.1 10.1.14.1 ICMP 190 Destination unreachable (Fragmentation needed)
Frame 2030: 190 bytes on wire (1520 bits), 190 bytes captured (1520 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80), Dst: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05)
MultiProtocol Label Switching Header, Label: 24005, Exp: 0, S: 1, TTL: 251
0000 0101 1101 1100 0101 .... .... .... = MPLS Label: 24005
.... .... .... .... .... 000. .... .... = MPLS Experimental Bits: 0
.... .... .... .... .... ...1 .... .... = MPLS Bottom Of Label Stack: 1
.... .... .... .... .... .... 1111 1011 = MPLS TTL: 251
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.2.3.1, Dst: 10.1.14.1
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 172
Identification: 0x002b (43)
Flags: 0x00
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.0.. .... = Don't fragment: Not set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 253
Protocol: ICMP (1)
Header checksum: 0x9821 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 10.2.3.1
Destination: 10.1.14.1
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Internet Control Message Protocol
Type: 3 (Destination unreachable)
Code: 4 (Fragmentation needed)
Checksum: 0xbbac [correct]
[Checksum Status: Good]
Length: 17
[Length of original datagram: 68]
Unused: 0011
MTU of next hop: 504
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.1.14.1, Dst: 10.1.14.14
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 610
Identification: 0x7c9f (31903)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.1.. .... = Don't fragment: Set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0xcce5 [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 10.1.14.1
Destination: 10.1.14.14
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 22008, Dst Port: 23, Seq: 586828435, Ack: 754580617
الصورة 3. 4 - تمكين PMTUD ومصادقة TCP MD5.
لا يتم إدخال أي تمييز فيما يتعلق بسلوك PMTUD من ما تم وصفه بالفعل في السيناريوهات السابقة مع تمكين مصادقة TCP MD5. وكما تمت مشاركته مسبقا مع مصادقة TCP MD5 قيد الاستخدام، يأخذ Cisco IOS XR في الاعتبار التكاليف الإضافية وقيمة MSS الأولية لنظير TCP النشطة عكست نفس الشيء. يرجى الرجوع إلى الأقسام السابقة إستخدام خيارات TCP - XR نشطة وإستخدام خيارات TCP - XR passive للحصول على تفاصيل إضافية حول تأثير إستخدام خيارات TCP. يمكن تلخيص حساب TCP MSS في هذا السيناريو على النحو التالي:
TCP SYN المصدر من R4:
! – TCP SYN sourced from R4
2408 5.695076 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 TCP 82 59050 → 179 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1436 WS=1
Frame 2408: 82 bytes on wire (656 bits), 82 bytes captured (656 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6), Dst: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.4, Dst: 192.168.0.1
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 59050, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 59050
Destination Port: 179
[Stream index: 8]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 48 bytes
Flags: 0x002 (SYN)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0x20d7 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (28 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1436 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1436
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
TCP SYN، ACK المصدر من R1:
! – TCP SYN,ACK sourced from R1
2409 0.004352 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 82 179 → 59050 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1436 WS=1
Frame 2409: 82 bytes on wire (656 bits), 82 bytes captured (656 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54 (fa:16:3e:8f:8f:54), Dst: fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6 (fa:16:3e:d7:7e:f6)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 59050, Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 179
Destination Port: 59050
[Stream index: 8]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 48 bytes
Flags: 0x012 (SYN, ACK)
Window size value: 16384
[Calculated window size: 16384]
Checksum: 0xcbf8 [unverified]
[Checksum Status: Unverified]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (28 bytes), Maximum segment size, Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), TCP MD5 signature, End of Option List (EOL)
Maximum segment size: 1436 bytes
Kind: Maximum Segment Size (2)
Length: 4
MSS Value: 1436
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP MD5 signature
End of Option List (EOL)
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R4 - نشطة:
! – as seen from R4 - Active
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#show tcp detail pcb 0x121542c0
Tue Jan 12 13:27:23.526 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Tue Jan 12 13:25:41 2021
PCB 0x121542c0, SO 0x1213c0e4, TCPCB 0x12156010, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 359
Local host: 192.168.0.4, Local port: 59050 (Local App PID: 1052958)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.1, Foreign port: 179
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 6 1 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 3 2 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3299472269 snduna: 3299473445 sndnxt: 3299473445
sndmax: 3299473445 sndwnd: 31646 sndcwnd: 4308
irs: 3225544359 rcvnxt: 3225545535 rcvwnd: 31665 rcvadv: 3225577200
SRTT: 89 ms, RTTO: 530 ms, RTV: 441 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 19 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 30, connect retry interval: 30 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1436, peer MSS 1436, min MSS 1436, max MSS 1436
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R4#
تفاصيل جلسة عمل TCP كما تظهر على R1 - الخامل:
! – as seen from R1 – Passive
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#show tcp detail pcb 0x121560ec
Tue Jan 12 13:25:59.310 UTC
==============================================================
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, socket status: 0
Established at Tue Jan 12 13:25:31 2021
PCB 0x121560ec, SO 0x121556d4, TCPCB 0x121575bc, vrfid 0x60000000,
Pak Prio: Medium, TOS: 192, TTL: 255, Hash index: 359
Local host: 192.168.0.1, Local port: 179 (Local App PID: 983326)
Foreign host: 192.168.0.4, Foreign port: 59050
Current send queue size in bytes: 0 (max 24576)
Current receive queue size in bytes: 0 (max 32768) mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Current receive queue size in packets: 0 (max 0)
Timer Starts Wakeups Next(msec)
Retrans 3 0 0
SendWnd 0 0 0
TimeWait 0 0 0
AckHold 3 2 0
KeepAlive 1 0 0
PmtuAger 0 0 0
GiveUp 0 0 0
Throttle 0 0 0
iss: 3225544359 snduna: 3225545516 sndnxt: 3225545516
sndmax: 3225545516 sndwnd: 31684 sndcwnd: 4308
irs: 3299472269 rcvnxt: 3299473426 rcvwnd: 31665 rcvadv: 3299505091
SRTT: 37 ms, RTTO: 300 ms, RTV: 244 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 9 ms, maxRTT: 239 ms
ACK hold time: 200 ms, Keepalive time: 0 sec, SYN waittime: 30 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
Connect retries remaining: 0, connect retry interval: 0 secs
State flags: none
Feature flags: MD5, Win Scale, Nagle, Path MTU
Request flags: Win Scale
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1436, peer MSS 1436, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent 0
Sack blocks {start, end}: none
Sack holes {start, end, dups, rxmit}: none
Socket options: SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT, SO_NBIO
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Socket receive buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket send buffer states: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Socket receive buffer: Low/High watermark 1/32768
Socket send buffer : Low/High watermark 2048/24576, Notify threshold 0
PDU information:
#PDU's in buffer: 0
FIB Lookup Cache: IFH: 0x40 PD ctx: size: 0 data:
Num Labels: 0 Label Stack:
RP/0/0/CPU0:R1#
كما هو موضح مسبقا في القسم PMTUD - يحتوي مقطع المسار على وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) لبروتوكول IP أقل، يتم تشغيل TCP PMTUD عند تمكينه عن طريق إستقبال رسالة ICMP (الوجهة التي يتعذر الوصول إليها - النوع 3؛ التجزئة المطلوبة - الرمز 4). قد تكون هذه الرسائل غير مستلمة لسبب ما وهي النتائج التي لم يتم تشغيل PMTUD بها. في هذه الحالة، لا يتم تعلم أقل وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) لبروتوكول IP للمسار بين نظراء TCP. مثل هذا السيناريو قد يحدث فجوة سوداء محتملة إذا كان لحزم IP مجموعة بت DF وإذا كان لها حجم أعلى من أدنى مقطع مسار IP MTU. يتم إسقاط هذه الحزم بصمت.
يهدف هذا القسم إلى تسليط الضوء على كيفية قيام Cisco IOS XR باكتشاف سيناريو هذه الثغرة المحتملة والعمل عليه. لهذا الغرض، يتم تعطيل ميزة وجهات IPv4 التي يتعذر الوصول إليها في واجهة R2 GE0/0/0 كما هو موضح في الصورة التالية ومخرج واجهة سطر الأوامر (CLI).
الصورة 3.5 - تم تمكين PMTUD على R1/R4 و R2 IPv4 غير القابل للوصول معطل.
تم تعطيل بروتوكولات IPv4 التي يتعذر الوصول إليها في R2:
!- R2 - IP unreachables is disabled
RP/0/0/CPU0:R2#show run interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/0/0
Thu May 13 12:09:45.483 UTC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
ipv4 address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.252
ipv4 unreachables disable
!
RP/0/0/CPU0:R2#show ipv4 interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/0/0
Thu May 13 12:10:04.112 UTC
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 is Up, ipv4 protocol is Up
Vrf is default (vrfid 0x60000000)
Internet address is 10.1.2.2/30
MTU is 1514 (1500 is available to IP)
Helper address is not set
Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.2 224.0.0.1 224.0.0.5
224.0.0.6
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
Outgoing access list is not set
Inbound common access list is not set, access list is not set
Proxy ARP is disabled
ICMP redirects are never sent
ICMP unreachables are never sent
ICMP mask replies are never sent
Table Id is 0xe0000000
تتمثل الطريقة التي يتعامل بها Cisco IOS XR مع سيناريو الثقب الأسود هذا في إعادة إرسال الحزمة نفسها مرتين، وفي حال إستمرار الفشل، فهذا يعني أنه لم يتم تلقي TCP ACK المتوقع، ثم أعد المحاولة ولكن أستخدم قيمة المحطة الأقل تحديدا تحديدا تحديدا جيدا التالية كما هو موثق في اكتشاف وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) للمسار (ارجع إلى القسم PMTUD - يحتوي مقطع المسار على وحدة الحد الأقصى للنقل (MTU) لبروتوكول IP أقل لقائمة الوحدات). باختصار، يفترض Cisco IOS XR أنه يمكن أن يكون الحالة التي يتم فيها إسقاط الحزم في مكان ما داخل المسار إلى الوجهة الخاصة بها بسبب حجمها ويحاول العمل حولها عبر إعادة إرسال الحزمة. يمكن ملاحظة هذا السلوك مع المثال التالي من التقاط الحزمة المأخوذ في واجهة العقدة R1 والمخرجات من debug tcp pmtud.
اكتشاف الثقب IOS-XR في R1:
! – at R1
! – Original BGP Update message is sent
! – Note IP Total Length of 1116 bytes and TCP Segment Length of 1076 bytes
! – R2 filters such packet and send and ICMP error message towards R1 which triggers PMTUD
! – But because IPv4 unreachables are disabled at R2 GE0/0/0/0 ICMP message is not sent
! – Hence BGP message is silently filtered at R2
562 7.638774 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 BGP 1130 UPDATE Message, KEEPALIVE Message
Frame 562: 1130 bytes on wire (9040 bits), 1130 bytes captured (9040 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: fa:16:3e:42:18:05 (fa:16:3e:42:18:05), Dst: fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80 (fa:16:3e:5c:f1:80)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.0.1, Dst: 192.168.0.4
0100 .... = Version: 4
.... 0101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5)
Differentiated Services Field: 0xc0 (DSCP: CS6, ECN: Not-ECT)
Total Length: 1116
Identification: 0x4a37 (18999)
Flags: 0x02 (Don't Fragment)
0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set
.1.. .... = Don't fragment: Set
..0. .... = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 255
Protocol: TCP (6)
Header checksum: 0x229b [validation disabled]
[Header checksum status: Unverified]
Source: 192.168.0.1
Destination: 192.168.0.4
[Source GeoIP: Unknown]
[Destination GeoIP: Unknown]
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 57082, Seq: 318, Ack: 251, Len: 1076
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
Border Gateway Protocol - KEEPALIVE Message
<snip>
! – at R1
! – No TCP ACK is received
! – Packet retransmission is attempted (2 attempts)
! – Note initial MSS value is of 1460 bytes
563 0.560058 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 1130 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [PSH, ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=1076
564 1.101367 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 1130 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [PSH, ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=1076
! – at R1
! – Still no TCP ACK received; previous retransmissions failed
! – Next lower plateau value is attempted – 1492 bytes
! – Packet retransmission is attempted (2 attempts)
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 13 10:20:44.251 UTC: tcp[399]: [t1] PCB 0x15392224: Trying next lower MTU: 1452
567 1.850294 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 1130 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [PSH, ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=1076
568 1.111361 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 1130 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [PSH, ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=1076
! – at R1
! – Still no TCP ACK received; previous retransmissions failed
! – Next lower plateau value is attempted – 1006 bytes
! – Packet retransmission is attempted (2 attempts)
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 13 10:20:47.560 UTC: tcp[399]: [t1] PCB 0x15392224: Trying next lower MTU: 966
569 2.198327 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 1020 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=966
570 1.109602 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 1020 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=966
! – at R1
! – Still no TCP ACK received; previous retransmissions failed
! – Next lower plateau value is attempted – 508 bytes
! – Original information (TCP Length of 1076 bytes) is split in three distinct packets
! – TCP Segment Lengths 468 + 468 + 140 = 1076
! – TCP ACK is received from peer R4
RP/0/0/CPU0:May 13 10:20:50.870 UTC: tcp[399]: [t1] PCB 0x15392224: Trying next lower MTU: 468
571 2.205552 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 522 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [ACK] Seq=318 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=468
573 0.004254 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 522 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [ACK] Seq=786 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=468
574 0.002724 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4 TCP 194 [TCP Retransmission] 179 → 57082 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1254 Ack=251 Win=32593 Len=140
! – Peer R4 TCP ACK is received
575 0.223172 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 TCP 54 57082 → 179 [ACK] Seq=251 Ack=1394 Win=31469 Len=0
المراجعة | تاريخ النشر | التعليقات |
---|---|---|
1.0 |
16-Aug-2021 |
الإصدار الأولي |