Cisco Applied Mitigation Bulletin-
This Applied Mitigation Bulletin is a companion document to the PSIRT Security Advisory Multiple Vulnerabilities in Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager and provides identification and mitigation techniques that administrators can deploy on Cisco network devices.
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There are multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager. The following subsections summarize these vulnerabilities:
Remote Command Execution Vulnerabilities: These vulnerabilities can be exploited remotely without authentication and without end-user interaction. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow arbitrary code execution. The attack vector for exploitation is through HTTP and HTTPS IP version 4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6) packets using TCP ports 80 and 443.
These vulnerabilities have been assigned Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) identifier CVE-2013-5486.
Information Disclosure Vulnerability: This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication and without end-user interaction. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow information disclosure, which enables an attacker to learn information about the affected device and network. The attack vector for exploitation is through HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 and 443.
This vulnerability has been assigned CVE identifier CVE-2013-5487.
XML External Entity Injection Vulnerability: This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication and requires end-user interaction. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow information disclosure, which enables an attacker to learn information about the affected device and network. The attack vector for exploitation is through HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 and 443.
This vulnerability has been assigned CVE identifier CVE-2013-5490.
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Information about vulnerable, unaffected, and fixed software is available in the Cisco Security Advisory, which is available at the following link: https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20130918-dcnm.
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Cisco devices provide several countermeasures for these vulnerabilities. Administrators are advised to consider these protection methods to be general security best practices for infrastructure devices and the traffic that transits the network. This section of the document provides an overview of these techniques.
Cisco IOS Software can provide effective means of exploit prevention using transit access control lists (tACLs).
This protection mechanism filters and drops packets that are attempting to exploit these vulnerabilities.
Effective exploit prevention can also be provided by the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance, Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series ASA Services Module (ASASM), and the Firewall Services Module (FWSM) for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers using tACLs.
This protection mechanism filters and drops packets that are attempting to exploit these vulnerabilities.
Cisco IOS NetFlow records can provide visibility into network-based exploitation attempts.
Cisco IOS Software, Cisco ASA, Cisco ASAS, and Cisco FWSM firewalls can provide visibility through syslog messages and counter values displayed in the output from show commands.
Effective use of Cisco Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) event actions provides visibility into and protection against attacks that attempt to exploit these vulnerabilities.
The Cisco Security Manager can also provide visibility through incidents, queries, and event reporting.
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Organizations are advised to follow their standard risk evaluation and mitigation processes to determine the potential impact of these vulnerabilities. Triage refers to sorting projects and prioritizing efforts that are most likely to be successful. Cisco has provided documents that can help organizations develop a risk-based triage capability for their information security teams. Risk Triage for Security Vulnerability Announcements and Risk Triage and Prototyping can help organizations develop repeatable security evaluation and response processes.
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Caution: The effectiveness of any mitigation technique depends on specific customer situations such as product mix, network topology, traffic behavior, and organizational mission. As with any configuration change, evaluate the impact of this configuration prior to applying the change.
Specific information about mitigation and identification is available for these devices:
- Cisco IOS Routers and Switches
- Cisco IOS NetFlow and Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow
- Cisco ASA, Cisco ASASM, and Cisco FWSM Firewalls
- Cisco Intrusion Prevention System
- Cisco Security Manager
Cisco IOS Routers and Switches
Mitigation: Transit Access Control Lists
To protect the network from traffic that enters the network at ingress access points, which may include Internet connection points, partner and supplier connection points, or VPN connection points, administrators are advised to deploy transit access control lists (tACLs) to perform policy enforcement. Administrators can construct a tACL by explicitly permitting only authorized traffic to enter the network at ingress access points or permitting authorized traffic to transit the network in accordance with existing security policies and configurations. A tACL workaround cannot provide complete protection against these vulnerabilities when the attack originates from a trusted source address.
The tACL policy denies unauthorized HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 and 443 that are sent to affected devices. In the following example, 192.168.60.0/24 and 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 represent the IP address space that is used by the affected devices, and the hosts at 192.168.100.1 and 2001:DB8::100:1 are considered trusted sources that require access to the affected devices. Care should be taken to allow required traffic for routing and administrative access prior to denying all unauthorized traffic.
Additional information about tACLs is in Transit Access Control Lists: Filtering at Your Edge.
! !-- Include explicit permit statements for trusted sources that !-- require access on the vulnerable TCP ports ! access-list 150 permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq 80 access-list 150 permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq 443 ! !-- The following vulnerability-specific access control entries !-- (ACEs) can aid in identification of attacks ! access-list 150 deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq 80 access-list 150 deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq 443 ! !-- Permit or deny all other Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic in accordance !-- with existing security policies and configurations ! !-- Explicit deny for all other IP traffic ! access-list 150 deny ip any any ! !-- Create the corresponding IPv6 tACL ! ipv6 access-list IPv6-Transit-ACL-Policy ! !-- Include explicit permit statements for trusted sources that !-- require access on the vulnerable TCP ports ! permit tcp host 2001:DB8::100:1 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq 80 permit tcp host 2001:DB8::100:1 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq 443 ! !-- The following vulnerability-specific ACEs can !-- aid in identification of attacks to global and !-- link-local addresses ! deny tcp any 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq 80 deny tcp any 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq 443 ! !-- Permit or deny all other Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic in !-- accordance with existing security policies and configurations !-- and allow IPv6 neighbor discovery packets, which !-- include neighbor solicitation packets and neighbor !-- advertisement packets ! permit icmp any any nd-ns permit icmp any any nd-na !
!-- Explicit deny for all other IPv6 traffic !
deny ipv6 any any ! ! !-- Apply tACLs to interfaces in the ingress direction ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip access-group 150 in ipv6 traffic-filter IPv6-Transit-ACL-Policy inNote that filtering with an interface access list will elicit the transmission of ICMP unreachable messages back to the source of the filtered traffic. Generating these messages could have the undesired effect of increasing CPU utilization on the device. In Cisco IOS Software, ICMP unreachable generation is limited to one packet every 500 milliseconds by default. ICMP unreachable message generation can be disabled using the interface configuration commands no ip unreachables and no ipv6 unreachables. ICMP unreachable rate limiting can be changed from the default using the global configuration commands ip icmp rate-limit unreachable interval-in-ms and ipv6 icmp error-interval interval-in-ms.
Identification: Transit Access Control Lists
After the administrator applies the tACL to an interface, show ip access-lists and show ipv6 access-list commands will identify the number of HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 and 443 that have been filtered. Administrators are advised to investigate filtered packets to determine whether they are attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities. Example output for show ip access-lists 150 and show ipv6 access-list IPv6-Transit-ACL-Policy follows:
router#show ip access-lists 150 Extended IP access list 150 10 permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq www 20 permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq 443 30 deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq www (73 matches) 40 deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 eq 443 (40 matches) 50 deny ip any any router#In the preceding example, access list 150 has dropped the following packets received from an untrusted host or network:
- 73 HTTP packets on TCP port 80 for ACE line 30
- 40 HTTPS packets on TCP port 443 for ACE line 40
router#show ipv6 access-list IPv6-Transit-ACL-Policy IPv6 access list IPv6-Transit-ACL-Policy permit tcp host 2001:DB8::100:1 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq www (12 matches) sequence 10 permit tcp host 2001:DB8::100:1 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq 443 (5 matches) sequence 20 deny tcp any 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq www (50 matches) sequence 30 deny tcp any 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 eq 443 (64 matches) sequence 40 permit icmp any any nd-ns (5 matches) sequence 50 permit icmp any any nd-na (5 matches) sequence 60 deny ipv6 any any (2 matches) sequence 70In the preceding example, access list IPv6-Transit-ACL-Policy has dropped the following packets received from an untrusted host or network:
- 50 HTTP packets on TCP port 80 for ACE line 30
- 64 HTTPS packets on TCP port 443 for ACE line 40
For additional information about investigating incidents using ACE counters and syslog events, reference the Identifying Incidents Using Firewall and IOS Router Syslog Events Cisco Security Intelligence Operations white paper.
Administrators can use Embedded Event Manager to provide instrumentation when specific conditions are met, such as ACE counter hits. The Cisco Security Intelligence Operations white paper Embedded Event Manager in a Security Context provides additional details about how to use this feature.
Identification: Access List Logging
The log and log-input access control list (ACL) option will cause packets that match specific ACEs to be logged. The log-input option enables logging of the ingress interface in addition to the packet source and destination IP addresses and ports.
Caution: Access control list logging can be very CPU intensive and must be used with extreme caution. Factors that drive the CPU impact of ACL logging are log generation, log transmission, and process switching to forward packets that match log-enabled ACEs.
For Cisco IOS Software, the ip access-list logging interval interval-in-ms command can limit the effects of process switching induced by IPv4 ACL logging. The logging rate-limit rate-per-second [except loglevel] command limits the impact of log generation and transmission.
The CPU impact from ACL logging can be addressed in hardware on the Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers with Supervisor Engine 720 or Supervisor Engine 32 using optimized ACL logging.
For additional information about the configuration and use of ACL logging, reference the Understanding Access Control List Logging Cisco Security Intelligence Operations white paper.
Cisco IOS NetFlow and Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow
Identification: IPv4 Traffic Flow Identification Using Cisco IOS NetFlow
Administrators can configure Cisco IOS NetFlow on Cisco IOS routers and switches to aid in the identification of IPv4 traffic flows that may be attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities. Administrators are advised to investigate flows to determine whether they are attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities or whether they are legitimate traffic flows.
router#show ip cache flow IP packet size distribution (90784136 total packets): 1-32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 .000 .698 .011 .001 .004 .005 .000 .004 .000 .000 .003 .000 .000 .000 .000 512 544 576 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 4608 .000 .001 .256 .000 .010 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 IP Flow Switching Cache, 4456704 bytes 1885 active, 63651 inactive, 59960004 added 129803821 ager polls, 0 flow alloc failures Active flows timeout in 30 minutes Inactive flows timeout in 15 seconds IP Sub Flow Cache, 402056 bytes 0 active, 16384 inactive, 0 added, 0 added to flow 0 alloc failures, 0 force free 1 chunk, 1 chunk added last clearing of statistics never Protocol Total Flows Packets Bytes Packets Active(Sec) Idle(Sec) -------- Flows /Sec /Flow /Pkt /Sec /Flow /Flow TCP-Telnet 11393421 2.8 1 48 3.1 0.0 1.4 TCP-FTP 236 0.0 12 66 0.0 1.8 4.8 TCP-FTPD 21 0.0 13726 1294 0.0 18.4 4.1 TCP-WWW 22282 0.0 21 1020 0.1 4.1 7.3 TCP-X 719 0.0 1 40 0.0 0.0 1.3 TCP-BGP 1 0.0 1 40 0.0 0.0 15.0 TCP-Frag 70399 0.0 1 688 0.0 0.0 22.7 TCP-other 47861004 11.8 1 211 18.9 0.0 1.3 UDP-DNS 582 0.0 4 73 0.0 3.4 15.4 UDP-NTP 287252 0.0 1 76 0.0 0.0 15.5 UDP-other 310347 0.0 2 230 0.1 0.6 15.9 ICMP 11674 0.0 3 61 0.0 19.8 15.5 IPv6INIP 15 0.0 1 1132 0.0 0.0 15.4 GRE 4 0.0 1 48 0.0 0.0 15.3 Total: 59957957 14.8 1 196 22.5 0.0 1.5 SrcIf SrcIPaddress DstIf DstIPaddress Pr SrcP DstP Pkts Gi0/0 192.168.12.110 Gi0/1 192.168.60.163 06 433A 01BB 70 Gi0/0 192.168.11.54 Gi0/1 192.168.60.158 06 4331 0050 3 Gi0/1 192.168.150.60 Gi0/0 10.89.16.226 11 1243 00A1 1 Gi0/0 192.168.13.97 Gi0/1 192.168.60.28 06 433E 01BB 5 Gi0/0 192.168.10.17 Gi0/1 192.168.60.97 06 4339 01BB 1 Gi0/0 10.88.226.1 Gi0/1 192.168.202.22 11 007B 007B 1 Gi0/0 192.168.12.185 Gi0/1 192.168.60.239 06 4337 01BB 1 Gi0/0 10.89.16.226 Gi0/1 192.168.150.60 11 12CA 0016 1 router#In the preceding example, there are multiple flows for HTTP on TCP port 80 (hex value 0050) and HTTPS on TCP port 443 (hex value 01BB).
As shown in the following example, to view only the HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 (hex value 0050) and 443 (hex value 01BB), use the show ip cache flow | include SrcIf|_06_.*(0050|01BB)_ command to display the related Cisco NetFlow records:
TCP Flowsrouter#show ip cache flow | include SrcIf|_06_.*(0050|01BB)_ SrcIf SrcIPaddress DstIf DstIPaddress Pr SrcP DstP Pkts Gi0/0 192.168.12.110 Gi0/1 192.168.60.163 06 874A 01BB 70 Gi0/0 192.168.11.230 Gi0/1 192.168.60.20 06 8749 01BB 21 Gi0/0 192.168.11.131 Gi0/1 192.168.60.245 06 8756 0050 8 Gi0/0 192.168.13.7 Gi0/1 192.168.60.162 06 8754 0050 50 Gi0/0 192.168.41.86 Gi0/1 192.168.60.27 06 875B 0050 25 router#
Identification: IPv6 Traffic Flow Identification Using Cisco IOS NetFlow
Administrators can configure Cisco IOS NetFlow on Cisco IOS routers and switches to aid in the identification of IPv6 traffic flows that may be attempts to exploit the vulnerabilities that are described in this document. Administrators are advised to investigate flows to determine whether they are attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities or whether they are legitimate traffic flows.
The following output is from a Cisco IOS device running Cisco IOS Software 12.4 mainline train. The command syntax will vary for different Cisco IOS Software trains.
router#show ipv6 flow cache IP packet size distribution (50078919 total packets): 1-32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 .000 .990 .001 .008 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 512 544 576 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 4608 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 IP Flow Switching Cache, 475168 bytes 8 active, 4088 inactive, 6160 added 1092984 ager polls, 0 flow alloc failures Active flows timeout in 30 minutes Inactive flows timeout in 15 seconds IP Sub Flow Cache, 33928 bytes 16 active, 1008 inactive, 12320 added, 6160 added to flow 0 alloc failures, 0 force free 1 chunk, 1 chunk added SrcAddress InpIf DstAddress OutIf Prot SrcPrt DstPrt Packets 2001:DB...06::201 Gi0/0 2001:DB...28::20 Local 0x06 0x16C4 0x0050 1464 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...28::21 Gi0/1 0x3A 0x0000 0x8000 1191 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...134::3 Gi0/1 0x3A 0x0000 0x8000 1191 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...128::4 Gi0/1 0x3A 0x0000 0x8000 1192 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...128::2 Gi0/1 0x06 0x160A 0x01BB 4222 2001:DB...06::201 Gi0/0 2001:DB...128::3 Gi0/1 0x06 0x1610 0x0050 0987 2001:DB...06::201 Gi0/0 2001:DB...128::4 Gi0/1 0x06 0x1634 0x0050 2322 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...128::3 Gi0/1 0x3A 0x0000 0x8000 1155 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...146::3 Gi0/1 0x3A 0x0000 0x8000 1092 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...144::4 Gi0/1 0x3A 0x0000 0x8000 1193To permit display of the full 128-bit IPv6 address, use the terminal width 132 exec mode command.
In the preceding example, there are multiple flows for HTTP on TCP port 80 (hex value 0050) and HTTPS on TCP port 443 (hex value 01BB).
As shown in the following example, to view only the HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 (hex value 0050) and 443 (hex value 01BB), use the show ipv6 flow cache | include SrcIf|_06_.*(0050|01BB)_ command to display the related Cisco NetFlow records:
TCP Flows
router#show ipv6 flow cache | include SrcIf|_06_.*(0050|01BB)_ SrcAddress InpIf DstAddress OutIf Prot SrcPrt DstPrt Packets 2001:DB...6A:5BA6 Gi0/0 2001:DB...128::2 Gi0/1 0x06 0x2974 0x01BB 1597 router#
Identification: IPv4 Traffic Flow Identification Using Cisco Flexible NetFlow
Introduced in Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.2(31)SB2 and 12.4(9)T, Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow improves original Cisco NetFlow by adding the capability to customize the traffic analysis parameters for the administrator's specific requirements. Original Cisco NetFlow uses a fixed seven tuples of IP information to identify a flow, whereas Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow allows the flow to be user defined. It facilitates the creation of more complex configurations for traffic analysis and data export by using reusable configuration components.
The following example output is from a Cisco IOS device that is running a version of Cisco IOS Software in the 15.1T train. Although the syntax will be almost identical for the 12.4T and 15.0 trains, it may vary slightly depending on the actual Cisco IOS release being used. In the following configuration, Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow will collect information on interface GigabitEthernet0/0 for incoming IPv4 flows based on source IPv4 address, as defined by the match ipv4 source address key field statement. Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow will also include nonkey field information about source and destination IPv4 addresses, protocol, ports (if present), ingress and egress interfaces, and packets per flow.
! !-- Configure key and nonkey fields !-- in the user-defined flow record ! flow record FLOW-RECORD-ipv4 match ipv4 source address collect ipv4 protocol collect ipv4 destination address collect transport source-port collect transport destination-port collect interface input collect interface output collect counter packets ! !-- Configure the flow monitor to !-- reference the user-defined flow !-- record ! flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv4 record FLOW-RECORD-ipv4 ! !-- Apply the flow monitor to the interface !-- in the ingress direction ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv4 input
The Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow flow output is as follows:
router#show flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv4 cache format table Cache type: Normal Cache size: 4096 Current entries: 6 High Watermark: 1 Flows added: 9181 Flows aged: 9175 - Active timeout ( 1800 secs) 9000 - Inactive timeout ( 15 secs) 175 - Event aged 0 - Watermark aged 0 - Emergency aged 0 IPV4 SRC ADDR ipv4 dst addr trns src port trns dst port intf input intf output pkts ip prot =============== =============== ============= ============= ========== =========== ====== ======= 192.168.10.201 192.168.60.102 1456 80 Gi0/0 Gi0/1 1128 6 192.168.11.54 192.168.60.158 123 123 Gi0/0 Gi0/1 2212 17 192.168.150.60 10.89.16.226 2567 514 Gi0/0 Gi0/1 13 17 192.168.13.97 192.168.60.28 3451 80 Gi0/0 Gi0/1 1 6 192.168.10.17 192.168.60.97 4231 443 Gi0/0 Gi0/1 146 6 10.88.226.1 192.168.60.22 2678 443 Gi0/0 Gi0/1 10567 6 10.89.16.226 192.168.150.60 3562 23 Gi0/0 Gi0/1 30012 6To view only the HTTP and HTTPS packets on TCP port 80 and 443, use the show flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv4 cache format table | include IPV4 DST ADDR |_(80|443)_.*_6_ command to display the related NetFlow records.
For more information about Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow, refer to Flexible Netflow Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15M&T and Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow Configuration Guide, Release 12.4T.
Identification: IPv6 Traffic Flow Identification Using Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow
The following example output is from a Cisco IOS device that is running a version of Cisco IOS Software in the 15.1T train. Although the syntax will be almost identical for the 12.4T and 15.0 trains, it may vary slightly depending on the actual Cisco IOS release being used. In the following configuration, Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow will collect information on interface GigabitEthernet0/0 for incoming IPv6 flows based on the source IPv6 address, as defined by the match ipv6 source address key field statement. Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow will also include nonkey field information about source and destination IPv6 addresses, protocol, ports (if present), ingress and egress interfaces, and packets per flow.! !-- Configure key and nonkey fields !-- in the user-defined flow record ! flow record FLOW-RECORD-ipv6 match ipv6 source address collect ipv6 protocol collect ipv6 destination address collect transport source-port collect transport destination-port collect interface input collect interface output collect counter packets ! !-- Configure the flow monitor to !-- reference the user-defined flow !-- record ! flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv6 record FLOW-RECORD-ipv6 ! !-- Apply the flow monitor to the interface !-- in the ingress direction ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ipv6 flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv6 input
The Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow flow output is as follows:
router#show flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv6 cache format table Cache type: Normal Cache size: 4096 Current entries: 6 High Watermark: 2 Flows added: 539 Flows aged: 532 - Active timeout ( 1800 secs) 350 - Inactive timeout ( 15 secs) 182 - Event aged 0 - Watermark aged 0 - Emergency aged 0 IPV6 SRC ADDR ipv6 dst addr trns src port trns dst port intf input intf output pkts ip prot ================= ================= ============= ============= ========== =========== ==== ======= 2001:DB...06::201 2001:DB...28::20 123 123 Gi0/0 Gi0/0 17 17 2001:DB...06::201 2001:DB...28::20 1265 80 Gi0/0 Gi0/0 1237 6 2001:DB...06::201 2001:DB...28::20 1441 443 Gi0/0 Gi0/0 2346 6 2001:DB...06::201 2001:DB...28::20 1890 80 Gi0/0 Gi0/0 5009 6 2001:DB...06::201 2001:DB...28::20 2856 5060 Gi0/0 Gi0/0 486 17 2001:DB...06::201 2001:DB...28::20 3012 53 Gi0/0 Gi0/0 1016 17 2001:DB...06::201 2001:DB...28::20 2477 53 Gi0/0 Gi0/0 1563 17To permit display of the full 128-bit IPv6 address, use the terminal width 132 exec mode command.
To view only the HTTP and HTTPS packets on TCP port 80 and 443, use the show flow monitor FLOW-MONITOR-ipv6 cache format table | include IPV6 DST ADDR|_(80|443)_.*_6_ command to display the related Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow records.
Cisco ASA, Cisco ASASM, and Cisco FWSM Firewalls
Mitigation: Transit Access Control Lists
To protect the network from traffic that enters the network at ingress access points, which may include Internet connection points, partner and supplier connection points, or VPN connection points, administrators are advised to deploy tACLs to perform policy enforcement. Administrators can construct a tACL by explicitly permitting only authorized traffic to enter the network at ingress access points or permitting authorized traffic to transit the network in accordance with existing security policies and configurations. A tACL workaround cannot provide complete protection against these vulnerabilities when the attack originates from a trusted source address.
The tACL policy denies unauthorized HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 and 443 that are sent to affected devices. In the following example, 192.168.60.0/24 and 2001:DB8:1:60::/64 represent the IP address space that is used by the affected devices, and the hosts at 192.168.100.1 and 2001:DB8::100:1 are considered trusted sources that require access to the affected devices. Care should be taken to allow required traffic for routing and administrative access prior to denying all unauthorized traffic.
Additional information about tACLs is in Transit Access Control Lists: Filtering at Your Edge.
! !-- Include explicit permit statements for trusted sources !-- that require access on the vulnerable TCP ports ! access-list tACL-Policy extended permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq 80 access-list tACL-Policy extended permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq 443 ! !-- The following vulnerability-specific access control entries !-- (ACEs) can aid in identification of attacks ! access-list tACL-Policy extended deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq 80 access-list tACL-Policy extended deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq 443 ! !-- Permit or deny all other Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic in accordance !-- with existing security policies and configurations ! !-- Explicit deny for all other IP traffic ! access-list tACL-Policy extended deny ip any any ! !-- Create the corresponding IPv6 tACL ! !-- Include explicit permit statements for trusted sources that !-- require access on the vulnerable TCP ports ! ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy permit tcp host 2001:DB8::100:1 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq 80 ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy permit tcp host 2001:DB8::100:1 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq 443 ! !-- The following vulnerability-specific access control entries !-- (ACEs) can aid in identification of attacks ! ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy deny tcp any 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq 80 ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy deny tcp any 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq 443 ! !-- Permit or deny all other Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic in accordance !-- with existing security policies and configurations ! !-- Explicit deny for all other IP traffic ! ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy deny ip any any ! !-- Apply tACLs to interfaces in the ingress direction ! access-group tACL-Policy in interface outside access-group IPv6-tACL-Policy in interface outside
Identification: Transit Access Control Lists
After the tACL has been applied to an interface, administrators can use the show access-list command to identify the number of HTTP and HTTPS IPv4 and IPv6 packets using TCP ports 80 and 443 that have been filtered. Administrators are advised to investigate filtered packets to determine whether they are attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities. Example output for show access-list tACL-Policy and show access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy follows:
firewall#show access-list tACL-Policy access-list tACL-Policy; 5 elements; name hash: 0x3452703d access-list tACL-Policy line 1 extended permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq www (hitcnt=12) access-list tACL-Policy line 2 extended permit tcp host 192.168.100.1 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq https (hitcnt=42) access-list tACL-Policy line 3 extended deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq www (hitcnt=18) access-list tACL-Policy line 4 extended deny tcp any 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 eq https (hitcnt=40) access-list tACL-Policy line 5 extended deny ip any any (hitcnt=8)In the preceding example, access list tACL-Policy has dropped the following packets received from an untrusted host or network:
- 18 HTTP packets on TCP port 80 for ACE line 3
- 40 HTTPS packets on TCP port 443 for ACE line 4
firewall#show access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy; 5 elements; name hash: 0x566a4229 ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy line 1 permit tcp host 2001:db8:1:100::1 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq www (hitcnt=59) ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy line 2 permit tcp host 2001:db8:1:100::1 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq https (hitcnt=28) ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy line 3 deny tcp any 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq www (hitcnt=94) ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy line 4 deny tcp any 2001:db8:1:60::/64 eq https (hitcnt=102) ipv6 access-list IPv6-tACL-Policy line 5 deny ip any any (hitcnt=27)In the preceding example, access list IPv6-tACL-Policy has dropped the following packets received from an untrusted host or network:
- 94 HTTP packets on TCP port 80 for ACE line 3
- 102 HTTPS packets on TCP port 443 for ACE line 4
In addition, syslog message 106023 can provide valuable information, which includes the source and destination IP address, the source and destination port numbers, and the IP protocol for the denied packet.
Identification: Firewall Access List Syslog Messages
Firewall syslog message 106023 will be generated for packets denied by an access control entry (ACE) that does not have the log keyword present. Additional information about this syslog message is in Cisco ASA 5500 Series System Log Message, 8.2 - 106023.
Information about configuring syslog for the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance is in Monitoring - Configuring Logging. Information about configuring syslog on the Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series ASA Services Module is in Configuring Logging. Information about configuring syslog on the FWSM for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers is in Monitoring the Firewall Services Module.
In the following example, the show logging | grep regex command extracts syslog messages from the logging buffer on the firewall. These messages provide additional information about denied packets that could indicate potential attempts to exploit the vulnerabilities that are described in this document. It is possible to use different regular expressions with the grep keyword to search for specific data in the logged messages.
Additional information about regular expression syntax is in Creating a Regular Expression.
firewall#show logging | grep 106023 Sep 18 2013 00:15:13: %ASA-4-106023: Deny tcp src outside:192.0.2.18/7814 dst inside:192.168.60.191/80 by access-group "tACL-Policy" Sep 18 2013 00:15:13: %ASA-4-106023: Deny tcp src outside:192.0.2.200/7815 dst inside:192.168.60.33/443 by access-group "tACL-Policy" Sep 18 2013 00:15:13: %ASA-4-106023: Deny tcp src outside:192.0.2.99/7816 dst inside:192.168.60.240/443 by access-group "tACL-Policy" Sep 18 2013 00:15:13: %ASA-4-106023: Deny tcp src outside:192.0.2.100/7817 dst inside:192.168.60.115/80 by access-group "tACL-Policy" Sep 18 2013 00:15:13: %ASA-4-106023: Deny tcp src outside:2001:db8:2::2:172/7811 dst inside:2001:db8:1:60::23/80 by access-group "IPv6-tACL-Policy" Sep 18 2013 00:15:13: %ASA-4-106023: Deny tcp src outside:2001:db8:d::a85e:172/7812 dst inside:2001:db8:1:60::134/443 by access-group "IPv6-tACL-Policy" firewall#In the preceding example, the messages logged for the tACL tACL-Policy and IPv6-tACL-Policy show HTTP packets for TCP port 80 and HTTPS packets for TCP port 443 sent to the address block assigned to affected devices.
Additional information about syslog messages for Cisco ASA Series Adaptive Security Appliances is in Cisco ASA 5500 Series System Log Messages, 8.2. Additional information about syslog messages for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series ASA Services Module is in the Analyzing Syslog Messages section of the Cisco ASASM CLI Configuration Guide. Additional information about syslog messages for the Cisco FWSM is in Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module Logging System Log Messages.
For additional information about investigating incidents using syslog events, reference the Identifying Incidents Using Firewall and IOS Router Syslog Events Cisco Security Intelligence Operations white paper.
Cisco Intrusion Prevention System
Mitigation: Cisco IPS Signature Table
Administrators can use the Cisco IPS appliances and services modules to provide threat detection and help prevent attempts to exploit several of the vulnerabilities described in this document. The following table provides an overview of CVE identifiers and the respective Cisco IPS signatures that will trigger events on potential attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities.
CVE ID Signature Release Signature ID Signature Name Enabled Severity Fidelity* Notes CVE-2013-5486 S742 2828/0 Cisco DCNM-SAN Server Remote Command Execution Yes High 90 Meta 2828/1 Cisco DCNM-SAN Server Remote Command Execution Yes High 90 Meta-Component #1 CVE-2013-5487 S742 2830/0 Cisco DCNM-SAN Server Information Disclosure Yes Low 90 CVE-2013-5490 S742 2819/0 Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager XML External Entity Injection Yes Low 90 * Fidelity is also referred to as Signature Fidelity Rating (SFR) and is the relative measure of the accuracy of the signature (predefined). The value ranges from 0 through 100 and is set by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Administrators can configure Cisco IPS sensors to perform an event action when an attack is detected. The configured event action performs preventive or deterrent controls to help protect against an attack that is attempting to exploit the vulnerabilities listed in the preceding table.
Cisco IPS sensors are most effective when deployed in inline protection mode combined with the use of an event action. Automatic Threat Prevention for Cisco IPS 7.x and 6.x sensors that are deployed in inline protection mode provides threat prevention against an attack that is attempting to exploit the vulnerabilities that are described in this document. Threat prevention is achieved through a default override that performs an event action for triggered signatures with a riskRatingValue greater than 90.
For additional information about the risk rating and threat rating calculation, reference Risk Rating and Threat Rating: Simplify IPS Policy Management.
Cisco Security Manager
Identification: Cisco Security Manager
Cisco Security Manager, Event Viewer
Beginning in software version 4.0, Cisco Security Manager can collect syslogs from Cisco firewalls and Cisco IPS devices and provides the Event Viewer, which can query for events that are related to the vulnerabilities that are described in this document.
Using the IPS Alert Events predefined view in the Event Viewer, the user can enter the following search strings in the event filter to return all captured events related to the following Cisco IPS signatures:
- 2828/0
- 2828/1
- 2930/0
- 2819/0
Using the following filters in the Firewall Denied Events predefined view in the Event Viewer provides all captured Cisco firewall access list deny syslog messages that could indicate potential attempts to exploit the vulnerabilities that are described in this document.
- Use the Destination event filter to filter network objects that contain the IP address space that is used by the affected devices (for example, IPv4 address range 192.168.60.0/24 and IPv6 address range 2001:DB8:1:60::/64)
- Use the Destination Service event filter to filter objects that contain TCP ports 80 and 443
An Event Type ID filter can be used with the Firewall Denied Events predefined view in the Event Viewer to filter the syslog IDs shown in the following list to provide all captured Cisco firewall deny syslog messages that could indicate potential attempts to exploit the vulnerabilities that are described in this document:
- ASA-4-106023 (ACL deny)
For more information about Cisco Security Manager Events, refer to the Filtering and Querying Events section of the Cisco Security Manager User Guide.
Cisco Security Manager Report Manager
Beginning in software version 4.1, Cisco Security Manager supports the Report Manager, the Cisco IPS event reporting feature. This feature allows an administrator to define reports based on Cisco IPS events of interest. Reports can be scheduled or users can run ad hoc reports as required.
Using the Report Manager, the user can define an IPS Top Signatures report for Cisco IPS devices of interest based on time-range and signature characteristics. When the Signature ID is set to
- 2828/0
- 2828/1
- 2830/0
- 2819/0
Also in the Report Manager, the Top Services report can be used with the following configuration to generate a report of events that indicate potential attempts to exploit the vulnerabilities that are described in this document:
- Use the Destination IP network filter to filter network objects that contain the IP address space that is used by the affected devices (for example, IPv4 address range 192.168.60.0/24 and IPv6 address range 2001:DB8:1:60::/64)
- Set an action of Deny on the Criteria settings page
For more information about Cisco Security Manager IPS Event Reporting, refer to the Understanding IPS Top Reports section of the Cisco Security Manager User Guide.
Identification: Event Management System Partner Events
Cisco works with industry-leading Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) companies through the Cisco Developer Network. This partnership helps Cisco deliver validated and tested SIEM systems that address business concerns such as long-term log archiving and forensics, heterogeneous event correlation, and advanced compliance reporting. Security Information and Event Management partner products can be leveraged to collect events from Cisco devices and then query the collected events for the incidents created by a Cisco IPS signature or deny syslog messages from firewalls that could indicate potential attempts to exploit the vulnerabilities that are described in this document. The queries can be made by Sig ID and Syslog ID as shown in the following list:
- 2828/0 Cisco DCNM-SAN Server Remote Command Execution
- 2828/1 Cisco DCNM-SAN Server Remote Command Execution
- 2830/0 Cisco DCNM-SAN Server Information Disclosure
- 2819/0 Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager XML External Entity Injection
- ASA-4-106023 (ACL deny)
For more information about SIEM partners, refer to the Security Management System website.
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THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME.
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Show LessVersion Description Section Date 1 Initial Release 2013-September-18 16:02 GMT
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Complete information on reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco products, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and registering to receive security information from Cisco, is available on Cisco's worldwide website at https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/resources/security_vulnerability_policy.html. This includes instructions for press inquiries regarding Cisco security notices. All Cisco security advisories are available at http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt.
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The security vulnerability applies to the following combinations of products.
Primary Products Cisco Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager (DCNM) 4.1 (.(2), .(3), .(4), .(5)) | 4.2 (.(1), .(3)) | 5.0 ((2), (3)) | 5.1 ((1), (2), (3u)) | 5.2 ((1), (2), (2a), (2b), (2c), (2e)) | 6.1 (Base, (1))
Associated Products
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THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE ALERTS AT ANY TIME.
A standalone copy or paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL is an uncontrolled copy and may lack important information or contain factual errors. The information in this document is intended for end users of Cisco products