Contents

Introduction

Prerequisites

Requirements

Components Used

Conventions

Background Information

Configuration

Network Diagram

Configurations Used

Verification

Verify OSPF Configuration

Verify Link-Local Address Reachability

Ping Link-Local Address From Remote Network

Ping Link-Local Address From Directly Connected Network

Related Information

Introduction

This document describes how the IPv6 Link-Local address works within a network.

Prerequisites

Requirements

Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:

- IPv6 Address Formats found in the Cisco IOS® IPv6 Command Reference

Components Used

The information in this document is based on the Cisco 3700 series router with Cisco IOS® Software Release 12.4 (15)T1.

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Conventions

Refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions.

Background Information

A link-local address is an IPv6 unicast address that can be automatically configured on any interface that uses the link-local prefix FE80::/10 (1111 1110 10) and the interface identifier in the modified EUI-64 format. Link-local addresses are not necessarily bound to the MAC address (configured in a EUI-64 format). Link-local addresses can also be manually configured in the FE80::/10 format with the ipv6 address link-local command.

These addresses refer only to a particular physical link and are used for addresses on a single link for purposes such as automatic address configuration and neighbor discovery protocol. Link-local addresses can be used to reach the neighboring nodes attached to the same link. The nodes do not need a globally unique address to communicate. Routers do not forward datagram with link-local addresses. IPv6 routers must not forward packets that have link-local source or destination addresses to other links. All IPv6 enabled interfaces have a link-local unicast address.

Configuration

For this example, the routers R1, R2 and R3 are connected via serial interface and have the IPv6 addresses configured as mentioned in the network diagram. Loopback addresses are configured on the routers R1 and R3, and the routers use OSPFv3 to communicate with each other. This example uses the ping command to demonstrate the connectivity between the routers with link-local addresses. The routers R1 and R3 can ping each other with the IPv6 local unicast address, but not with their link-local address. However, router R2 is directly connected to R1 and R3 hence it can communicate with both the routers with their link-local address, because link-local addresses are used only within that local network specific to the physical interface.

Network Diagram

This document uses this network setup:

Configurations Used

This document uses these configurations:

- Router R1

- Router R2

- Router R3

This video demonstrates the key difference between the IPv6 Link-Local Address and global unicast address in Cisco IOS routers:

- Understand IPv6 Link-Local Address

Router R1

hostname R1

!

ipv6 cef

!

ipv6 unicast-routing

!

interface Loopback10

no ip address

ipv6 address FD10::/64 eui-64

!--- Assigned a IPv6 unicast address in EUI-64 format.

ipv6 ospf 1 area 1

!--- Enables OSPFv3 on the interface and associates the interface looback10 to area 1.

!

interface Loopback20

no ip address

ipv6 address FD20::/64 eui-64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 2

!--- Associates the Interface loopback20 to area 2.

!

interface Serial0/0

no ip address

ipv6 address 2001::1/124

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

!--- Associates the Interface serial0/0 to area 0.

clock rate 2000000

!

ipv6 router ospf 1

router-id 10.1.1.1

!--- Router R1 uses 10.1.1.1 as router id.

log-adjacency-changes

!

end

Router R2

Router R3

hostname R2

!

ipv6 cef

!

ipv6 unicast-routing

!

!

!

interface Serial0/0

no ip address

ipv6 address 2001::2/124

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

clock rate 2000000

!

!

interface Serial0/1

no ip address

ipv6 address 2002::1/124

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

clock rate 2000000

!

!

!

ipv6 router ospf 1

router-id 10.2.2.2

log-adjacency-changes

!

end

hostname R3

!

ipv6 cef

!

ipv6 unicast-routing

!

interface Loopback10

no ip address

ipv6 address FD01::/64 eui-64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 1

!

interface Loopback20

no ip address

ipv6 address FD20::/64 eui-64

ipv6 ospf 1 area 2

!

interface Serial0/0

no ip address

ipv6 address FE80::AB8 link-local

ipv6 address 2002::2/124

ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

clock rate 2000000

!

ipv6 router ospf 1

router-id 10.3.3.3

log-adjacency-changes

!

end

Verification

Verify OSPF Configuration

To verify the OSPF has been configured properly, use the  show ipv6 route ospf  command in routers R1 and R3.

show ipv6 route ospf

Router R1
R1#show ipv6 route ospf

IPv6 Routing Table - 10 entries

Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP

U - Per-user Static route, M - MIPv6

I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary

O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2

ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external

OI  FD01::C002:1DFF:FEE0:0/128 [110/128]

via FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0, Serial0/0

O   2002::/124 [110/128]

via FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0, Serial0/0

OI  FD20::C002:1DFF:FEE0:0/128 [110/128]

via FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0, Serial0/0

Router R3

R3#show ipv6 route ospf

IPv6 Routing Table - 10 entries

Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP

U - Per-user Static route, M - MIPv6

I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary

O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2

ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external

O   2001::/124 [110/128]

via FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0, Serial0/0

OI  FD10::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0/128 [110/128]

via FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0, Serial0/0

OI  FD20::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0/128 [110/128]

via FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0, Serial0/0

Verify Link-Local Address Reachability

The routers can ping each other with the global unicast address. If the routers use the link-local address only, the directly connected networks can communicate. For example, R1 can ping R3 with global unicast address but the two routers cannot communicate with link-local addresses. This is shown with the ping and debug ipv6 icmp commands in router R1 and R3.

Ping Link-Local Address From Remote Network

When the router R1 tries to communicate with router R3 with the link local address, the router R1 returns with an ICMP time-out message that indicates the link-local address is locally specific and cannot communicate to link-local addresses that are outside the directly connected network.

Ping R3's Link-Local Address from router R1

In Router R1
R1#ping FE80::AB8

!--- Pinging Link-Local Address of router R3.

Output Interface: serial0/0

!--- To ping LLA, output interface must be entered.

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::AB8, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of FE80::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

!--- The ping is unsuccessful and the ICMP packet cannot reach the destination through serial0/0.

!--- This timeout indicates that R1 has not received any replies from the router R3.

Ping Link-Local Address From Directly Connected Network

For router R2, the routers R1 and R3 are directly connected and can ping the link-local address of both router R1 and R2 when they communicate the related interface that is connected to the router. The output is shown here:

Ping R1 Link-Local Addresses from router R2

In Router R2
R2#ping FE80::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0

!--- Pinging Link-Local Address of router R1.

Output Interface: serial0/0

!--- Note that to ping LLA, output interface should be mentioned In our case, R2 connects to R1 via serial0/0.

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/19/56 ms

Debug Output from R1

R1#

*Mar  1 03:59:53.367: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.371: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.423: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.427: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.463: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.463: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.467: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.467: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.471: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 03:59:53.471: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

!--- The debug output shows that the router R2 can ping router R1's link-local address.

Ping R3 Link-Local Addresses from router R2

In Router R2
R2#ping FE80::AB8

!--- Pinging Link-Local Address of router R3.

Output Interface: serial0/1

!--- Note that,to ping LLA,output interface should be mentioned. In our case, R2 connects to R3 throught serial0/1.

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::AB8, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/18/60 ms

Debug Output from R3

R3#

*Mar  1 04:12:11.518: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.522: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.594: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.598: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.618: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.618: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.622: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.622: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.626: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 04:12:11.630: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

!--- The debug output shows that the router R2 can ping router R3's link-local address.

The link-local address is specific only to that local network. The routers can have the same link-local address and still the directly connected network can communicate with each other without any conflict. This is not the same in case of global unicast address. The global unicast address that are routable must be unique in a network. The show ipv6 interface brief command shows the information about link-local address on the interface.

show ipv6 interface brief

In Router R1
R1#show ipv6 interface brief

Serial0/0                  [up/up]

FE80::AB8

2001::1

Loopback10                 [up/up]

FE80::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0

FD10::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0

Loopback20                 [up/up]

FE80::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0

FD20::C000:1DFF:FEE0:0

In Router R3

R3#show ipv6 interface brief

Serial0/0                  [up/up]

FE80::AB8

2002::2

Loopback10                 [up/up]

FE80::C002:1DFF:FEE0:0

FD01::C002:1DFF:FEE0:0

Loopback20                 [up/up]

FE80::C002:1DFF:FEE0:0

FD20::C002:1DFF:FEE0:0

!--- Shows that R1 and R3's serial interface has same link-local address FE80::AB8.

In this example, R1 and R3 are assigned with the same link-local address and R2 can still reach both the routers when they specify the related output interface.

Ping R1 and R3's Link-local address from R2

Ping R1 Link-Local Address from R2
R2#ping FE80::AB8

Output Interface: serial0/0

!--- R2 is connected to R1 through serial0/0.

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::AB8, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/26/92 ms

Debug Output from R1

R1#

*Mar  1 19:51:31.855: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.859: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.915: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.919: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.947: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.947: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.955: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.955: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.955: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:51:31.955: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

Ping R3 Link-Local Address from R2

R2#ping FE80::AB8

Output Interface: serial0/1

!--- R2 is connected to R1 through serial0/1.

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::AB8, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/28/76 ms

Debug Output from R3

R3#

*Mar  1 19:53:38.815: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.819: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.911: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.915: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.923: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.927: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.955: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.955: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.963: ICMPv6: Received echo request from FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

*Mar  1 19:53:38.963: ICMPv6: Sending echo reply to FE80::C001:1DFF:FEE0:0

Note: The R2 can ping the link-local address of R1 and R3 only because they are directly connected. R2 cannot ping the link-local address of the loopback interfaces in routers R1 and R3 as they are not directly connected. Ping works on link-local addresses only in case of directly connected networks.

Note: Traceroutes do not work in case of link-local addresses and return with the % No valid source address for destination error message. This is because IPv6 routers must not forward packets that have link-local source or destination addresses to other links.

Related Information

- IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture -RFC 4291

- IPv6 Technology Support

- Technical Support & Documentation - Cisco Systems