ASA Anyconnect VPN and OpenLDAP Authorization with Custom Schema and Certificates Configuration Example
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Contents
Introduction
This document describes how to configure OpenLDAP with custom schema to support per-user attributes for Cisco Anyconnect Secure Mobility Client that connects to a Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA). The ASA configuration is quite basic as all user attributes are retrieved from the OpenLDAP server. Also described in this document are the differences in LDAP authentication and authorization when used along with certificates.
Prerequisites
Requirements
Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:
- Basic knowledge about Linux configuration
- Basic knowledge about ASA CLI configuration
Components Used
The information in this document is based on these software versions:
- Cisco ASA version 8.4 and later
- OpenLDAP version 2.4.30
Configure
Basic OpenLDAP Configuration
Step 1. Configure the server.
This example uses test-cisco.com ldap tree.
ldap.conf file is used to set system level defaults that can be used by local ldap client.
Note: Although you are not required to set up system-level defaults, they can help test and troubleshoot the servier when you run a local ldap client.
/etc/openldap/ldap.conf:
BASE dc=test-cisco,dc=com
slapd.conf file is used for OpenLDAP server configuration. Default schema files include widely used LDAP definitions. For example, the object class name person is defined in the core.schema file. This configuration uses that common schema and define its own schema for Cisco-specific attributes.
/etc/openldap/slapd.conf:
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/openldap.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
# Defines backend database type and redirects all # queries with specified suffix to that database
database hdb
suffix "dc=test-cisco,dc=com"
checkpoint 32 30
# Rootdn will be used to perform all administrative tasks.
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=test-cisco,dc=com"
# Cleartext passwords, especially for the rootdn, should be avoid.
rootpw secret
directory /var/lib/openldap-data
index objectClass eq
Step 2. Verify the LDAP configuration.
In order to verify that basic OpenLDAP works, run this configuration:
pluton openldap # /etc/init.d/slapd start
* Starting ldap-server [ ok ]
pluton openldap # ps ax | grep openldap
27562 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/lib64/openldap/slapd -u ldap -g ldap -f
/etc/openldap/slapd.conf -h ldaps:// ldap:// ldapi://var/run/openldap/slapd.sock
pluton openldap # netstat -atcpn | grep slapd
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27562/slapd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27562/slapd
pluton # ldapsearch -h 192.168.10.1 -D "CN=Manager,DC=test-cisco,DC=com" -w secret
# extended LDIF
#
# LDAPv3
# base <dc=test-cisco,dc=com> (default) with scope subtree
# filter: (objectclass=*)
# requesting: ALL
#
# search result
search: 2
result: 32 No such object
# numResponses: 1
Step 3. Add records to the database.
Once you hve tested and configured everthing properly, add records to the database. In order to add basic containers for users and groups, run this configuration:
pluton # cat root.ldiff
dn: dc=test-cisco,dc=com
objectclass: dcObject
objectclass: organization
o: test-cisco.com
dc: test-cisco
dn: ou=People,dc=test-cisco,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: People
dn: ou=Groups,dc=test-cisco,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: Groups
pluton # ldapadd -h 192.168.10.1 -D "CN=Manager,DC=test-cisco,DC=com"
-w secret -x -f root.ldiff
adding new entry "dc=test-cisco,dc=com"
adding new entry "ou=People,dc=test-cisco,dc=com"
adding new entry "ou=Groups,dc=test-cisco,dc=com"
pluton # ldapsearch -h 192.168.10.1 -D "CN=Manager,DC=test-cisco,DC=com" -w secret
# extended LDIF
#
# LDAPv3
# base <dc=test-cisco,dc=com> (default) with scope subtree
# filter: (objectclass=*)
# requesting: ALL
#
# test-cisco.com
dn: dc=test-cisco,dc=com
objectClass: dcObject
objectClass: organization
o: test-cisco.com
dc: test-cisco
# People, test-cisco.com
dn: ou=People,dc=test-cisco,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: People
# Groups, test-cisco.com
dn: ou=Groups,dc=test-cisco,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: Groups
# search result
search: 2
result: 0 Success
# numResponses: 4
# numEntries: 3
Custom Openldap Schema
Now that the basic configuration works, you can add custom schema. In this configuration example, a new type of object class named CiscoPerson is created and these attributes are created and used in this object class:
- CiscoBanner
- CiscoACLin
- CiscoDomain
- CiscoDNS
- CiscoIPAddress
- CiscoIPNetmask
- CiscoSplitACL
- CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy
- CiscoGroupPolicy
Step 1. Create the new schema in cisco.schema.
pluton openldap # pwd
/etc/openldap
pluton openldap # cat schema/cisco.schema
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.1
NAME 'CiscoBanner'
DESC 'Banner Name for VPN users'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.2
NAME 'CiscoACLin'
DESC 'ACL in for VPN users'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.3
NAME 'CiscoDomain'
DESC 'Domain for VPN users'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.4
NAME 'CiscoDNS'
DESC 'DNS server for VPN users'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.5
NAME 'CiscoIPAddress'
DESC 'Address for VPN user'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.6
NAME 'CiscoIPNetmask'
DESC 'Address for VPN user'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.7
NAME 'CiscoSplitACL'
DESC 'Split tunnel list for VPN users'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.8
NAME 'CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy'
DESC 'Split tunnel policy for VPN users'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.1.9
NAME 'CiscoGroupPolicy'
DESC 'Group policy for VPN users'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch
SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{128}
SINGLE-VALUE )
objectclass ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.500.2.1 NAME 'CiscoPerson'
DESC 'My cisco person'
AUXILIARY
MUST ( sn $ cn )
MAY ( userPassword $ telephoneNumber $ seeAlso
$ description $ CiscoBanner $ CiscoACLin $ CiscoDomain
$ CiscoDNS $ CiscoIPAddress $ CiscoIPNetmask $ CiscoSplitACL
$ CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy $ CiscoGroupPolicy ) )
Important Notes
- Use private enterprise OIDs for your company. Any OIDs will wor, but best practice is to use the OIDs assigned by IANA. The one configured in this examples begins from 1.3.6.1.4.1.9 (which is reserved by Cisco: http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers).
- The following part of OID (500.1.1-500.1.9) has been used to not interfere directly in the main tree of the Cisco OID ("1.3.6.1.4.1.9").
- This database uses the Person object class defined in schema/core.ldif. That object is of TOP type and records can include only one such attribute (which is why the CiscoPerson object class is of Auxiliary type).
- The object class named CiscoPerson must include SN or CN and can include any of the custom Cisco attributes defined earlier. Note that it can also include any other attributes defined in other schemas (such as userPassword or telephoneNumber).
- Remember that each object should have a different OID number.
- Custom attributes are case insensitive and of string type with UTF-8 encoding and maximum 128 characters (defined by SYNTAX).
Step 2. Include the schema in sldap.conf.
pluton openldap # cat slapd.conf | grep include
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/openldap.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cisco.schema
Step 3. Restart services.
puton openldap # /etc/init.d/slapd restart
* Stopping ldap-server [ ok ]
* Starting ldap-server [ ok ]
Step 4. Add a new user with all custom attributes.
In this example, the user belongs to multiple objectClass objects, and it inherits attributes from all of them. With this process it is easy to add additional schema or attributes without changes to existing database records.
pluton # cat users.ldiff
# User account
dn: uid=cisco,ou=people,dc=test-cisco,dc=com
cn: John Smith
givenName: John
sn: cisco
uid: cisco
uidNumber: 10000
gidNumber: 10000
homeDirectory: /home/cisco
mail: jsmith@dev.local
objectClass: top
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: person
objectClass: CiscoPerson
loginShell: /bin/bash
userPassword: {CRYPT}*
CiscoBanner: This is banner 1
CiscoIPAddress: 10.1.1.1
CiscoIPNetmask: 255.255.255.128
CiscoDomain: domain1.com
CiscoDNS: 10.6.6.6
CiscoACLin: ip:inacl#1=permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.128 10.11.11.0 255.255.255.0
CiscoSplitACL: ACL1
CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy: 1
CiscoGroupPolicy: POLICY1
pluton # ldapadd -h 192.168.10.1 -D "CN=Manager,DC=test-cisco,DC=com"
-w secret -x -f users.ldiff
adding new entry "uid=cisco,ou=people,dc=test-cisco,dc=com"
Step 5. Set the password for the user.
pluton moje # ldappasswd -h 192.168.10.1 -D "CN=Manager,DC=test-cisco,DC=com"
-w secret -x uid=cisco,ou=people,dc=test-cisco,dc=com -s pass1
Step 6. Verify the configuration.
pluton # ldapsearch -h 192.168.10.1 -D "CN=Manager,DC=test-cisco,DC=com"
-w secret -b uid=cisco,ou=people,dc=test-cisco,dc=com
# extended LDIF
#
# LDAPv3
# base <uid=cisco,ou=people,dc=test-cisco,dc=com> with scope subtree
# filter: (objectclass=*)
# requesting: ALL
#
# cisco, People, test-cisco.com
dn: uid=cisco,ou=People,dc=test-cisco,dc=com
cn: John Smith
givenName: John
sn: cisco
uid: cisco
uidNumber: 10000
gidNumber: 10000
homeDirectory: /home/cisco
mail: jsmith@dev.local
objectClass: top
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: person
objectClass: CiscoPerson
loginShell: /bin/bash
userPassword:: e0NSWVBUfSo=
CiscoBanner: This is banner 1
CiscoIPAddress: 10.1.1.1
CiscoIPNetmask: 255.255.255.128
CiscoDomain: domain1.com
CiscoDNS: 10.6.6.6
CiscoACLin: ip:inacl#1=permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.128 10.11.11.0 255.255.255.
0
CiscoSplitACL: ACL1
CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy: 1
CiscoGroupPolicy: POLICY1
userPassword:: e1NTSEF9NXM4MUZtaS85YUcvV2ZQU3kzbEdtdzFPUkk0bHl3V0M=
# search result
search: 2
result: 0 Success
# numResponses: 2
# numEntries: 1
ASA Configuration
Step 1. Configure the interface and certificate.
interface GigabitEthernet0
nameif inside
security-level 100
ip address 192.168.11.250 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet1
nameif outside
security-level 0
ip address 192.168.1.250 255.255.255.0
crypto ca trustpoint CA
keypair CA
crl configure
crypto ca certificate chain CA
certificate ca 00cf946de20d0ce6d9
30820223 3082018c 020900cf 946de20d 0ce6d930 0d06092a 864886f7 0d010105
05003056 310b3009 06035504 06130250 4c310c30 0a060355 04080c03 4d617a31
0f300d06 03550407 0c065761 72736177 310c300a 06035504 0a0c0354 4143310c
300a0603 55040b0c 03524143 310c300a 06035504 030c0354 4143301e 170d3132
31313136 30383131 32365a17 0d313331 31313630 38313132 365a3056 310b3009
06035504 06130250 4c310c30 0a060355 04080c03 4d617a31 0f300d06 03550407
0c065761 72736177 310c300a 06035504 0a0c0354 4143310c 300a0603 55040b0c
03524143 310c300a 06035504 030c0354 41433081 9f300d06 092a8648 86f70d01
01010500 03818d00 30818902 818100d0 68af1ef6 9b256071 d39c8d25 4fb9f391
5a96e8e0 1ac424d5 fc9cf460 f09e181e f1487525 d982f3ae 29384ca8 13d5290d
a360e796 0224dce5 ffc0767e 6f54b991 967b54a4 4b3aa59e c2a69310 550029fb
cb1c3f45 3fb15d15 0d507b09 52b02a17 6189d591 87d42617 1d93b683 4d685005
34788fd0 2a899ca4 926e7318 1f914102 03010001 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101
05050003 81810046 8c58cddb dfd6932b 9260af40 ebc63465 1f18a374 f5b7865c
a21b22f3 a07ebf57 d64312b7 57543c91 edc4088d 3c7b3c75 e3f29b8d b7e04e01
4dc2cb89 6935e07c 3518ad97 96e50aae 52e89265 92bb1aad a85656dc 931e2006
af4042a0 09826d29 88ca972e 5442e0c3 8c957978 4a15e5d9 cac5a12c b0604df4
97438706 c973a5
quit
certificate 00fe9c3d61e131cd9e
30820225 3082018e 020900fe 9c3d61e1 31cd9e30 0d06092a 864886f7 0d010105
05003056 310b3009 06035504 06130250 4c310c30 0a060355 04080c03 4d617a31
0f300d06 03550407 0c065761 72736177 310c300a 06035504 0a0c0354 4143310c
300a0603 55040b0c 03524143 310c300a 06035504 030c0354 4143301e 170d3132
31313136 31303336 31325a17 0d313331 31313631 30333631 325a3058 310b3009
06035504 06130250 4c310c30 0a060355 04080c03 4d617a31 11300f06 03550407
0c085761 72737a61 7761310c 300a0603 55040a0c 03414353 310c300a 06035504
0b0c0341 4353310c 300a0603 5504030c 03414353 30819f30 0d06092a 864886f7
0d010101 05000381 8d003081 89028181 00d15ee2 0f14597a 0703204b 22a2c5cc
34c0967e 74bb087c b16bc462 d1e4f99d 3d40bd19 5b80845e 08f2cccb e2ca0d01
aa6fe4f4 df287598 45956110 d3c66465 668ae4d2 8a9583e8 7a652685 19b25dfa
fce7b84e e1780dd0 1cd3d71e 0926db1a 74354b11 c5b976e0 07e7dd01 0b4115f0
662874c3 2ed5f87e 170b3baa f266f650 2f020301 0001300d 06092a86 4886f70d
01010505 00038181 00987d8e acfa9cac ab9dbb52 5bb61992 975e4bbe e9c28426
1dc3dd1e 87abd839 fa3a937d b1aebcc4 fdc549a2 010b83f3 aa0e12b3 f03a4f49
d8e6fdea 61776ae5 17daf7e4 6baf810d 37c24784 bd71429b dc0494c0 84a020ff
1be0c903 a055f634 1e29b6ea 7d7f3280 f161a86c 50d40b6c c24bc8b0 493c0918
8a185e05 1b52d8b0 0e
quit
Step 2. Generate a self-signed certificate.
crypto ca trustpoint CA
enrollment self
crypto ca enroll CA
Step 3. Enable WebVPN on the outside interface.
ssl trust-point CA
webvpn
enable outside
anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-3.1.01065-k9.pkg 1
anyconnect enable
tunnel-group-list enable
Step 4. Split the ACL configuration.
The ACL name is returned by OpenLDAP:
access-list ACL1 standard permit 10.7.7.0 255.255.255.0
Step 5. Create a tunnel-group name that uses the default group-policy (DfltAccessPolicy).
Users with the specific LDAP attribute (CiscoGroupPolicy) are mapped to another policy: POLICY1
group-policy DfltAccessPolicy internal
group-policy DfltAccessPolicy attributes
vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev1 ikev2 l2tp-ipsec ssl-client ssl-clientless
group-policy POLICY1 internal
group-policy POLICY1 attributes
vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev1 ikev2 l2tp-ipsec ssl-client ssl-clientless
tunnel-group RA type remote-access
tunnel-group RA general-attributes
tunnel-group RA webvpn-attributes
group-alias RA enable
without-csd
ASA aaa-server configuration uses ldap attribute-map for mapping from attributes returned by OpenLDAP to attributes that can be interpreted by ASA for Anyconnect users.
ldap attribute-map LDAP-MAP
map-name CiscoACLin Cisco-AV-Pair
map-name CiscoBanner Banner1
map-name CiscoDNS Primary-DNS
map-name CiscoDomain IPSec-Default-Domain
map-name CiscoGroupPolicy IETF-Radius-Class
map-name CiscoIPAddress IETF-Radius-Framed-IP-Address
map-name CiscoIPNetmask IETF-Radius-Framed-IP-Netmask
map-name CiscoSplitACL IPSec-Split-Tunnel-List
map-name CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy IPSec-Split-Tunneling-Policy
aaa-server LDAP protocol ldap
aaa-server LDAP (inside) host 192.168.11.10
ldap-base-dn DC=test-cisco,DC=com
ldap-scope subtree
ldap-naming-attribute uid
ldap-login-password secret
ldap-login-dn CN=Manager,DC=test-cisco,DC=com
server-type openldap
ldap-attribute-map LDAP-MA
Step 6. Enable the LDAP server for authentication for specified tunnel-group.
tunnel-group RA general-attributes
authentication-server-group LDAP
Verify
Test VPN Access
Anyconnect is configured to connect to 192.168.1.250. Log in is username cisco and password pass1.
After authentication the correct banner is used.
The correct split ACL is sent (ACL1 defined on ASA).
The Anyconnect interface is configured with IP: 10.1.1.1 and netmask 255.255.255.128. The domain is domain1.com and DNS server is 10.6.6.6.
On the ASA, user cisco has received IP: 10.1.1.1 and is assigned to group policy POLICY1.
ASA# show vpn-sessiondb detail anyconnect
Session Type: AnyConnect Detailed
Username : cisco Index : 29
Assigned IP : 10.1.1.1 Public IP : 192.168.1.88
Protocol : AnyConnect-Parent SSL-Tunnel
License : AnyConnect Premium
Encryption : RC4 Hashing : none SHA1
Bytes Tx : 10212 Bytes Rx : 856
Pkts Tx : 8 Pkts Rx : 2
Pkts Tx Drop : 0 Pkts Rx Drop : 0
Group Policy : POLICY1 Tunnel Group : RA
Login Time : 10:18:25 UTC Thu Apr 4 2013
Duration : 0h:00m:17s
Inactivity : 0h:00m:00s
NAC Result : Unknown
VLAN Mapping : N/A VLAN : none
AnyConnect-Parent Tunnels: 1
SSL-Tunnel Tunnels: 1
AnyConnect-Parent:
Tunnel ID : 29.1
Public IP : 192.168.1.88
Encryption : none TCP Src Port : 49262
TCP Dst Port : 443 Auth Mode : userPassword
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes Idle TO Left : 29 Minutes
Client Type : AnyConnect
Client Ver : 3.1.01065
Bytes Tx : 5106 Bytes Rx : 788
Pkts Tx : 4 Pkts Rx : 1
Pkts Tx Drop : 0 Pkts Rx Drop : 0
SSL-Tunnel:
Tunnel ID : 29.2
Assigned IP : 10.1.1.1 Public IP : 192.168.1.88
Encryption : RC4 Hashing : SHA1
Encapsulation: TLSv1.0 TCP Src Port : 49265
TCP Dst Port : 443 Auth Mode : userPassword
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes Idle TO Left : 29 Minutes
Client Type : SSL VPN Client
Client Ver : Cisco AnyConnect VPN Agent for Windows 3.1.01065
Bytes Tx : 5106 Bytes Rx : 68
Pkts Tx : 4 Pkts Rx : 1
Pkts Tx Drop : 0 Pkts Rx Drop : 0
Filter Name : AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05
NAC:
Reval Int (T): 0 Seconds Reval Left(T): 0 Seconds
SQ Int (T) : 0 Seconds EoU Age(T) : 17 Seconds
Hold Left (T): 0 Seconds Posture Token:
Also, the dynamic access-list is installed for that user:
ASA# show access-list AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05
access-list AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05; 1 elements; name hash: 0xf9b6b75c (dynamic)
access-list AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05 line 1 extended permit
ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.128 10.11.11.0 255.255.255.0
(hitcnt=0) 0xf8010475
Debugs
After you enable debugs, you can track each step of the WebVPN session.
This example shows LDAP authentication along with attribute retrieval:
ASA# show debug
debug ldap enabled at level 255
debug webvpn anyconnect enabled at level 254
ASA#
[63] Session Start
[63] New request Session, context 0xbbe10120, reqType = Authentication
[63] Fiber started
[63] Creating LDAP context with uri=ldap://192.168.11.10:389
[63] Connect to LDAP server: ldap://192.168.11.10:389, status = Successful
[63] supportedLDAPVersion: value = 3
[63] Binding as Manager
[63] Performing Simple authentication for Manager to 192.168.11.10
[63] LDAP Search:
Base DN = [DC=test-cisco,DC=com]
Filter = [uid=cisco]
Scope = [SUBTREE]
[63] User DN = [uid=cisco,ou=People,dc=test-cisco,dc=com]
[63] Server type for 192.168.11.10 unknown - no password policy
[63] Binding as cisco
[63] Performing Simple authentication for cisco to 192.168.11.10
[63] Processing LDAP response for user cisco
[63] Authentication successful for cisco to 192.168.11.10
[63] Retrieved User Attributes:
[63] cn: value = John Smith
[63] givenName: value = John
[63] sn: value = cisco
[63] uid: value = cisco
[63] uidNumber: value = 10000
[63] gidNumber: value = 10000
[63] homeDirectory: value = /home/cisco
[63] mail: value = jsmith@dev.local
[63] objectClass: value = top
[63] objectClass: value = posixAccount
[63] objectClass: value = shadowAccount
[63] objectClass: value = inetOrgPerson
[63] objectClass: value = organizationalPerson
[63] objectClass: value = person
[63] objectClass: value = CiscoPerson
[63] loginShell: value = /bin/bash
Important! Custom LDAP attributes are mapped to ASA attributes as defined in ldap attribute-map:
[63] CiscoBanner: value = This is banner 1
[63] mapped to Banner1: value = This is banner 1
[63] CiscoIPAddress: value = 10.1.1.1
[63] mapped to IETF-Radius-Framed-IP-Address: value = 10.1.1.1
[63] CiscoIPNetmask: value = 255.255.255.128
[63] mapped to IETF-Radius-Framed-IP-Netmask: value = 255.255.255.128
[63] CiscoDomain: value = domain1.com
[63] mapped to IPSec-Default-Domain: value = domain1.com
[63] CiscoDNS: value = 10.6.6.6
[63] mapped to Primary-DNS: value = 10.6.6.6
[63] CiscoACLin: value = ip:inacl#1=permit
ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.128 10.11.11.0 255.255.255.0
[63] mapped to Cisco-AV-Pair: value = ip:inacl#1=permit
ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.128 10.11.11.0 255.255.255.0
[63] CiscoSplitACL: value = ACL1
[63] mapped to IPSec-Split-Tunnel-List: value = ACL1
[63] CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy: value = 1
[63] mapped to IPSec-Split-Tunneling-Policy: value = 1
[63] CiscoGroupPolicy: value = POLICY1
[63] mapped to IETF-Radius-Class: value = POLICY1
[63] mapped to LDAP-Class: value = POLICY1
[63] userPassword: value = {SSHA}5s81Fmi/9aG/WfPSy3lGmw1ORI4lywWC
[63] ATTR_CISCO_AV_PAIR attribute contains 68 bytes
[63] Fiber exit Tx=315 bytes Rx=907 bytes, status=1
[63] Session End
The LDAP session is finished. Now, ASA processes and applies those attributes.
The dynamic ACL is created (based on ACE the entry in Cisco-AV-Pair):
webvpn_svc_parse_acl: processing ACL: name: 'AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05',
list: YES, id -1
webvpn_svc_parse_acl: before add: acl_id: -1, acl_name: AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05
webvpn_svc_parse_acl: after add: acl_id: 5, acl_name: AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05,
refcnt: 1
The WebVPN session proceeds:
webvpn_rx_data_tunnel_connect
CSTP state = HEADER_PROCESSING
http_parse_cstp_method()
...input: 'CONNECT /CSCOSSLC/tunnel HTTP/1.1'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'Host: 192.168.1.250'
Processing CSTP header line: 'Host: 192.168.1.250'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'User-Agent: Cisco AnyConnect VPN Agent for Windows 3.1.01065'
Processing CSTP header line: 'User-Agent: Cisco AnyConnect VPN Agent
for Windows 3.1.01065'
Setting user-agent to: 'Cisco AnyConnect VPN Agent for Windows 3.1.01065'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'Cookie: webvpn=1476503744@122880@
1365070898@908F356D1C1F4CDF1138088854AF0E480FDCB1BD'
Processing CSTP header line: 'Cookie: webvpn=1476503744@122880@
1365070898@908F356D1C1F4CDF1138088854AF0E480FDCB1BD'
Found WebVPN cookie: 'webvpn=1476503744@122880@
1365070898@908F356D1C1F4CDF1138088854AF0E480FDCB1BD'
WebVPN Cookie: 'webvpn=1476503744@122880@1365070898@
908F356D1C1F4CDF1138088854AF0E480FDCB1BD'
IPADDR: '1476503744', INDEX: '122880', LOGIN: '1365070898'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Version: 1'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-CSTP-Version: 1'
Setting version to '1'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Hostname: admin-Komputer'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-CSTP-Hostname: admin-Komputer'
Setting hostname to: 'admin-Komputer'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-MTU: 1367'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-CSTP-MTU: 1367'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Address-Type: IPv6,IPv4'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-CSTP-Address-Type: IPv6,IPv4'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Local-Address-IP4: 192.168.1.88'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Base-MTU: 1468'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Remote-Address-IP4: 192.168.1.250'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Full-IPv6-Capability: true'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-DTLS-Master-Secret: F5ADDD0151261404504FC3B165C3B68A90E51
A1C8EB7EA9B2FE70F1EB8E10929FFD79650B07E218EC8774678CDE1FB5E'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-DTLS-Master-Secret: F5ADDD015126140450
4FC3B165C3B68A90E51A1C8EB7EA9B2FE70F1EB8E10929FFD79650B07E2
18EC8774678CDE1FB5E'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-DTLS-CipherSuite: AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:DES-CBC-SHA'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-DTLS-CipherSuite: AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:
DES-CBC3-SHA:DES-CBC-SHA'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-DTLS-Accept-Encoding: lzs'
Processing CSTL header line: 'X-DTLS-Accept-Encoding: lzs'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-DTLS-Header-Pad-Length: 0'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Accept-Encoding: lzs,deflate'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-CSTP-Accept-Encoding: lzs,deflate'
webvpn_cstp_parse_request_field()
...input: 'X-CSTP-Protocol: Copyright (c) 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc.'
Processing CSTP header line: 'X-CSTP-Protocol:
Copyright (c) 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc.'
Next, address assignment occurs. Notice there is no IP pool defined on the ASA. If LDAP does not return the CiscoIPAddress attribute (which is mapped to IETF-Radius-Framed-IP-Address and used for IP address assignment), the configuration would fail at this stage.
Validating address: 10.1.1.1
CSTP state = WAIT_FOR_ADDRESS
webvpn_cstp_accept_address: 10.1.1.1/255.255.255.128
webvpn_cstp_accept_ipv6_address: No IPv6 Address
CSTP state = HAVE_ADDRESS
The WebVPN session completes:
SVC: NP setup
np_svc_create_session(0x1E000, 0xb5eafa80, TRUE)
webvpn_svc_np_setup
SVC ACL Name: AAA-user-cisco-E0CF3C05
SVC ACL ID: 5
SVC ACL ID: 5
vpn_put_uauth success!
SVC IPv6 ACL Name: NULL
SVC IPv6 ACL ID: -1
SVC: adding to sessmgmt
SVC: Sending response
Sending X-CSTP-FW-RULE msgs: Start
Sending X-CSTP-FW-RULE msgs: Done
Sending X-CSTP-Quarantine: false
Sending X-CSTP-Disable-Always-On-VPN: false
Unable to initiate NAC, NAC might not be enabled or invalid policy
CSTP state = CONNECTED
ASA Separate Authentication and Authorization
Sometimes it is better to separate authentication and authorization process. For example, use password authentication for locally defined users; then, after successful local authentication, retrieve all user attributes from LDAP server:
username cisco password cisco
tunnel-group RA general-attributes
authentication-server-group LOCAL
authorization-server-group LDAP
The difference is in the LDAP session. In the previous example, ASA:
- binded to OpenLDAP with Manager credentials,
- performed search for user cisco, and
- binded (simple authentication) to OpenLDAP with Cisco credentials.
Currently, with LDAP authorization, the third step is no longer necessary, since the user has already been authenticated via the local database.
More common scenarios involve usage of RSA tokens for authentication process and LDAP/AD attributes for authorization.
ASA Attributes from LDAP and Local Group
It's important to understand the difference between LDAP attributes and RADIUS attributes.
When you use LDAP, ASA does not allow mapping to any radius attribute. For example, when you use RADIUS, it is possible to return the cisco-av-pair attribute 217 (Address-Pools). That attribute defines a locally configured pool of IP addresses that are used to assign IP addresses.
With LDAP mapping, it is impossible to use that specific cisco-av-pair attribute. The cisco-av-pair attribute with LDAP mapping can be used only to specify different types of ACLs.
These limitations in LDAP prevent it from being as flexible as Radius. To workaroud this locally defined group policy can be created on the ASA with attributes which can not be mapped from ldap (like Address-Pools). Once the LDAP user is authenticated, they are assigned to that group policy (in our example POLICY1) and the non user-specific attributes a reretrieved from the group-policy.
The full attribute list supported by LDAP mapping can be found in this document: Cisco ASA 5500 Series Configuration Guide using the CLI, 8.4 and 8.6
You can compare to the full list of RADIUS VPN3000 attributes supported by ASA; refer to this document: Cisco ASA 5500 Series Configuration Guide using the CLI, 8.4 and 8.6
Refer to this document for a full list of RADIUS IETF attributes supported by ASA: Cisco ASA 5500 Series Configuration Guide using the CLI, 8.4 and 8.6
ASA and LDAP with Certificate Authentication
ASA does not support LDAP certificate attribute retrieval and binary comparison with certificate provided by Anyconnect. That functionality is reserved for Cisco ACS or ISE (and only for 802.1x supplicants) because VPN authentication is terminated on a network access device (NAD).
There is another soluction. When user authentication uses certificates, ASA performs certificate validation and can retrieve LDAP attributes based on specific fields from certificate (for example, CN):
tunnel-group RA general-attributes
authorization-server-group LDAP
username-from-certificate CN
authorization-required
tunnel-group RA webvpn-attributes
authentication certificate
After the user certificate is validated by ASA, LDAP authorization is performed and user attributes (from CN field) are retrieved and applied.
Debugs
User certificate has been used: cn=test1,ou=Security,o=Cisco,l=Krakow,st=PL,c=PL
Certificate mapping is configured to map that certificate to the RA tunnel-group:
crypto ca certificate map MAP-RA 10
issuer-name co tac
webvpn
certificate-group-map MAP-RA 10 RA
Certificate validation and mapping:
ASA# show debug
debug ldap enabled at level 255
debug webvpn anyconnect enabled at level 254
debug crypto ca enabled at level 3
debug crypto ca messages enabled at level 3
debug crypto ca transactions enabled at level 3
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-717025: Validating certificate chain containing 1 certificate(s).
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-717029: Identified client certificate within certificate chain. serial number: 00FE9C3D61E131CDB1, subject name: cn=test1,ou=Security,o=Cisco,l=Krakow,st=PL,c=PL.
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-717022: Certificate was successfully validated. Certificate is resident and trusted, serial number: 00FE9C3D61E131CDB1, subject name: cn=test1,ou=Security,o=Cisco,l=Krakow,st=PL,c=PL.
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-717028: Certificate chain was successfully validated with revocation status check.
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-725002: Device completed SSL handshake with client outside:192.168.1.88/49179
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-717036: Looking for a tunnel group match based on certificate maps for peer certificate with serial number: 00FE9C3D61E131CDB1, subject name: cn=test1,ou=Security,o=Cisco,l=Krakow,st=PL,c=PL, issuer_name: cn=TAC,ou=RAC,o=TAC,l=Warsaw,st=Maz,c=PL.
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-717038: Tunnel group match found. Tunnel Group: RA, Peer certificate: serial number: 00FE9C3D61E131CDB1, subject name: cn=test1,ou=Security,o=Cisco,l=Krakow,st=PL,c=PL, issuer_name: cn=TAC,ou=RAC,o=TAC,l=Warsaw,st=Maz,c=PL.
Extraction of username from certificate and authorization using LDAP:
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-113028: Extraction of username from VPN client certificate has been requested. [Request 53]
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-113028: Extraction of username from VPN client certificate has started. [Request 53]
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-113028: Extraction of username from VPN client certificate has finished successfully. [Request 53]
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-113028: Extraction of username from VPN client certificate has completed. [Request 53]
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-302013: Built outbound TCP connection 286 for inside:192.168.11.10/389 (192.168.11.10/389) to identity:192.168.11.250/33383 (192.168.11.250/33383)
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-113004: AAA user authorization Successful : server = 192.168.11.10 : user = test1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-113003: AAA group policy for user test1 is being set to POLICY1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-113011: AAA retrieved user specific group policy (POLICY1) for user = test1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-113009: AAA retrieved default group policy (MY) for user = test1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-113008: AAA transaction status ACCEPT : user = test1
Attributes retrieval from LDAP:
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.cn = John Smith
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.givenName = John
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.sn = test1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.uid = test1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.uidNumber = 10000
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.gidNumber = 10000
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.homeDirectory = /home/cisco
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.mail = jsmith@dev.local
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.objectClass.1 = top
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.objectClass.2 = posixAccount
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.objectClass.3 = shadowAccount
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.objectClass.4 = inetOrgPerson
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.objectClass.5 = organizationalPerson
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.objectClass.6 = person
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.objectClass.7 = CiscoPerson
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.loginShell = /bin/bash
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.userPassword = {CRYPT}*
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoBanner = This is banner 1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoIPAddress = 10.1.1.1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoIPNetmask = 255.255.255.128
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoDomain = domain1.com
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoDNS = 10.6.6.6
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoACLin = ip:inacl#1=permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.128 10.11.11.0 255.255.255.0
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoSplitACL = ACL1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoSplitTunnelPolicy = 1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.ldap.CiscoGroupPolicy = POLICY1
Cisco mapped attibutes:
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.cisco.grouppolicy = POLICY1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.cisco.ipaddress = 10.1.1.1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.cisco.username = test1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.cisco.username1 = test1
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.cisco.username2 =
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-7-734003: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88: Session Attribute aaa.cisco.tunnelgroup = RA
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-734001: DAP: User test1, Addr 192.168.1.88, Connection AnyConnect: The following DAP records were selected for this connection: DfltAccessPolicy
Apr 09 2013 17:31:32: %ASA-6-113039: Group <POLICY1> User <test1> IP <192.168.1.88> AnyConnect parent session started.
Secondary Authentication
If two-factor authentication is required, it is possible to use token password along with LDAP authentication and authorization:
tunnel-group RA general-attributes
authentication-server-group RSA
secondary-authentication-server-group LDAP
authorization-server-group LDAP
tunnel-group RA webvpn-attributes
authentication aaa
Then, the user must provide a username and password from RSA (something the user has—a token), along with LDAP username/password (something the user knows). It is also possible to use a username from the certificate for secondary authentication. For more information about double authentication, refer to the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Configuration Guide using the CLI, 8.4 and 8.6.
Related Information
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