How to Troubleshoot the MPLS VPN
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Introduction
This document shows you how to troubleshoot the Configuring a Basic MPLS VPN document. We recommend you read this sample configuration and view the network diagram before you use this document.
Configuring a Basic MPLS VPN shows a fully functional MPLS backbone network which means provider edge (PE) routers are able to reach each other through the backbone. Refer to the MPLS Verification and Troubleshooting Support Page for information on troubleshooting an MPLS network.
Before establishing an MPLS VPN, you must be able to ping PE router A (10.10.10.4) from PE router B (10.10.10.6) and vice-versa.
Remember that VPN routing/forwarding instance (VRF) names are case sensitive, for example, Customer_A is not the same as customer_a.
Prerequisites
Requirements
Readers of this document should be familiar with:
Components Used
This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions.
The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.
Conventions
For more information on document conventions, refer to the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions.
Troubleshooting VRF Configurations
show ip vrf [vrf-name]
The show ip vrf [vrf-name] command shows a summary of all VRFs present on the current router and their associated route-distinguishers and interface(s).
Pesaro# show ip vrf
Name Default RD Interfaces
Customer_A 100:101 Loopback101
Loopback111
Customer_B 100:102 Loopback102
This command allows you to verify:
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The configuration of VRFs (and their names).
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That each route-distinguisher (RD) is the same at each concerned PE.
show ip vrf [{detail | interfaces}] vrf-name
The show ip vrf [{detail | interfaces}] vrf-name command shows detailed configurations about the VRF.
Pesaro# show ip vrf detail Customer_A
VRF Customer_A; default RD 100:101
Interfaces:
Loopback101 Loopback111
Connected addresses are not in global routing table
Export VPN route-target communities
RT:100:1001
Import VPN route-target communities
RT:100:1001
No import route-map
No export route-map
Pesaro# show ip vrf interfaces
Interface IP-Address VRF Protocol
Loopback101 200.0.6.1 Customer_A up
Loopback111 200.1.6.1 Customer_A up
Loopback102 200.0.6.1 Customer_B up
These commands allow you to verify:
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That connected addresses are not in the global routing table.
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The routing attributes of each VRF. What is exported on one side should be imported somewhere else.
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The interface status (and IP addresses) of interfaces.
Routing Information
Use the same commands you use to verify the global routing table with the extensions shown in this section to verify routing tables or routing protocol databases.
Routing Table
To check the routing table, Add the vrf [vrf-name] extension to the show ip route command to verify the routing table, as shown here:
Pescara# show ip route vrf Customer_A
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - ISIS level-1, L2 - ISIS level-2, ia - ISIS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
B 200.0.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 00:42:14
B 200.1.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 00:42:14
C 200.0.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback101
You can also use the show ip route vrf Customer_A 1.2.3.4 command to verify the destination for a particular address.
BGP
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used between the PE routers and is necessary for inter-site connectivity. In this example, we use internal BGP (iBGP). You can also use external BGP (eBGP) as an external routing protocol for PE-CE route propagation.
You can use these commands to troubleshoot BGP:
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show ip bgp neighbors
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show ip bgp vpnv4 all (or show ip bgp vpnv4 vrf [VRF name])
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show ip bgp vpnv4 vrf VRF name tags (this command is VPN/MPLS specific)
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show ip bgp vpnv4 vrf VRF name A.B.C.D
For example:
Pescara# show ip bgp vpnv4 vrf Customer_A BGP table version is 40, local router ID is 10.10.10.4 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path Route Distinguisher: 100:101 (default for vrf Customer_A) *>i200.0.6.0 10.10.10.6 0 100 0 ? *> 200.0.4.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? *>i200.1.6.0 10.10.10.6 0 100 0 ?
Refer to the BGP Support Pages for more information on troubleshooting BGP issues.
PE-CE Routing Protocol
If the routing protocol used on the customer side isn't BGP, you can use traditional show commands, and apply them to the correct VRF.
Use the show ip rip database vrf [VRF name] command if you use Routing Information Protocol (RIP). For example:
Alcazaba# show ip rip database vrf vrf101
0.0.0.0/0 auto-summary
0.0.0.0/0
[2] via 150.150.0.2, 00:00:12, Ethernet1/1
6.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
6.6.6.6/32 redistributed
[1] via 223.0.0.21,
7.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
7.7.7.0/24
[1] via 150.150.0.2, 00:00:12, Ethernet1/1
10.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
10.0.0.0/8 redistributed
[1] via 125.2.2.2,
10.0.0.0/16
[1] via 150.150.0.2, 00:00:12, Ethernet1/1
10.200.8.0/22
Use the show ip ospf [process-id area-id] database command and specify the correct process number if you use OSPF. For example:
Alcazaba# show ip ospf 2 database
OSPF Router with ID (222.0.0.10) (Process ID 2)
Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
222.0.0.1 222.0.0.1 1364 0x80000013 0x7369 3
222.0.0.10 222.0.0.10 1363 0x80000002 0xFEFE 2
Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
150.150.0.1 222.0.0.10 1363 0x80000001 0xEC6D
Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
6.6.6.6 222.0.0.10 1328 0x80000001 0x4967
69.69.0.0 222.0.0.10 1268 0x80000001 0x2427
222.0.0.3 222.0.0.10 1328 0x80000001 0xEEF7
222.0.0.30 222.0.0.10 1268 0x80000001 0x7B5A
This command allows you to verify:
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If the routing table is correct (from a customer point of view), or what is missing from the routing table.
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That BGP is up and working (or you can see which neighbor is missing).
Labels
MPLS VPN uses a two-level label stack. One of the labels is used to identify the VRF and is set up between the two PEs. The other label (on the top of the stack) is the "backbone" label, set up by the standard MPLS network.
You can use the traceroute VRF [vrf-name] A.B.C.B command to verify transport labels.
Note: This command only works with a MPLS-aware traceroute, if the backbone routers are configured to propagate and generate IP Time to Live (TTL) information. Refer to the documentation on the mpls ip propagate-ttl command for more information.
Pesaro# traceroute vrf Customer_B 200.0.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 200.0.4.1 1 10.1.1.21 [MPLS: Labels 25/28 Exp 0] 464 msec 280 msec 308 msec 2 10.1.1.5 [MPLS: Labels 22/28 Exp 0] 236 msec 572 msec 228 msec 3 200.0.4.1 108 msec * 100 msec
The absence of 10.1.1.14 in this traceroute is normal due to the MPLS/VPN architecture.
You can use the show ip bgp vpnv4 all tags command to obtain more precise output, like the labels table for a particular VRF, for example:
Pescara# show ip bgp vpnv4 all tags Network Next Hop In tag/Out tag Route Distinguisher: 100:101 (Customer_A) 200.0.6.0 10.10.10.6 notag/28 200.0.4.0 0.0.0.0 16/aggregate(Customer_A) 200.1.6.0 10.10.10.6 notag/29 Route Distinguisher: 100:102 (Customer_B) 200.0.6.0 10.10.10.6 notag/30 200.0.4.0 0.0.0.0 28/aggregate(Customer_B)
You can also use the traditional show ip cef command:
Pescara# show ip cef vrf Customer_B detail
IP CEF with switching (Table Version 10), flags=0x0
8 routes, 0 reresolve, 0 unresolved (0 old, 0 new)
46 leaves, 51 nodes, 54640 bytes, 361 inserts, 315 invalidations
0 load sharing elements, 0 bytes, 0 references
universal per-destination load sharing algorithm, id F968AD29
5 CEF resets, 38 revisions of existing leaves
refcounts: 1400 leaf, 1392 node
Adjacency Table has 2 adjacencies
0.0.0.0/32, version 0, receive
200.0.6.0/24, version 9, cached adjacency to Serial0/1.1
0 packets, 0 bytes
tag information set
local tag: VPN-route-head
fast tag rewrite with Se0/1.1, point2point, tags imposed: {20 30}
via 10.10.10.6, 0 dependencies, recursive
next hop 10.1.1.13, Serial0/1.1 via 10.10.10.6/32
valid cached adjacency
tag rewrite with Se0/1.1, point2point, tags imposed: {20 30}
200.0.4.0/24, version 6, attached, connected
0 packets, 0 bytes
tag information set
local tag: 28
via Loopback102, 0 dependencies
valid discard adjacency
tag rewrite with , , tags imposed: {}
200.0.4.0/32, version 4, receive
200.0.4.1/32, version 3, receive
200.0.4.255/32, version 5, receive
224.0.0.0/24, version 2, receive
255.255.255.255/32, version 1, receive
This command allows you to verify:
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That labels are effectively used.
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That a stack of (at least) two labels is used for VPN destinations.
Test
You can use the ping command to verify that the VRF works, but if you are on a PE router, you must indicate the specific VRF name.
Pescara# ping vrf Customer_A 200.0.6.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.0.6.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 176/264/576 ms
Related Information
Revision History
| Revision | Publish Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|
1.0 |
16-Nov-2007 |
Initial Release |
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