El protocolo Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) almacena su anuncio de estado de enlace (LSA) en la base de datos OSPF. Este documento describe cómo el software Cisco IOS® maneja los LSA externos OSPF (tipo 5) que se superponen.
Debe estar familiarizado con los LSA OSPF, ya que se utilizan dentro del software Cisco IOS en los routers Cisco. El conocimiento básico del direccionamiento IP también es útil.
Un LSA externo OSPF contiene la información importada en OSPF de otros procesos de ruteo. Este es un ejemplo de salida de un LSA externo OSPF.
R1#sh ip ospf database external 192.168.1.0
OSPF Router with ID (10.0.12.1) (Process ID 1)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 924
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000003
Checksum: 0x29D4
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
En este ejemplo, OSPF utiliza el ID de estado de link (que es igual que el número de red externa) para distinguir diferentes LSA externos.
Es posible tener el mismo número de red con diferentes máscaras importadas en OSPF desde diferentes protocolos de ruteo. Es decir, dos rutas diferentes pueden tener el mismo número de red pero máscaras diferentes.
R1#sh ip route ospf
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
The gateway of last resort is not set.
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.23.0/24 [110/20] via 10.1.12.2, 00:24:06, Ethernet0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/1] via 10.1.12.2, 00:20:57, Ethernet0/0
O E2 192.168.1.0/25 [110/1] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:11, Ethernet0/0
En este ejemplo, OSPF debe instalar ambos LSA en su base de datos. Para lograr esto, OSPF instala el siguiente LSA recibido como su número de broadcast en lugar de su número de red.
R1#sh ip ospf database external
OSPF Router with ID (10.0.12.1) (Process ID 1)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 53
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000003
Checksum: 0x29D4
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 428
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.127 (External Network Number ) <----Broadcast Number
of 192.168.1.0/25
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x35CA
Length: 36
Network Mask: /25
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
En este ejemplo, se retira LSA 192.168.1.0/24. Una vez que se pierde este LSA, el otro LSA (192.168.1.0/25) no se instala con su número de red, sino con un número de difusión.
R1#sh ip ospf database external
OSPF Router with ID (10.0.12.1) (Process ID 1)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 1066
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.127 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x35CA
Length: 36
Network Mask: /25
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
En este ejemplo, se recibe un nuevo LSA (192.168.1.0/26).
R1#sh ip ospf database external
OSPF Router with ID (10.0.12.1) (Process ID 1)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 51
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x2DD2
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 7
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.63 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x39C6
Length: 36
Network Mask: /26
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 1198
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.127 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x35CA
Length: 36
Network Mask: /25
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
En este ejemplo, se retira el LSA 192.168.1.0/24 y se recibe un nuevo LSA (192.168.1.0/26). El nuevo LSA reemplaza el LSA retirado y OSPF puede instalar el nuevo LSA con su número de red.
R1#sh ip ospf database external
OSPF Router with ID (10.0.12.1) (Process ID 1)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 2
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000003
Checksum: 0xAD8F
Length: 36
Network Mask: /26
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
LS age: 1362
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 192.168.1.127 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 10.1.23.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x35CA
Length: 36
Network Mask: /25
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
MTID: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 10.1.23.3
External Route Tag: 0
El software Cisco IOS intenta instalar el LSA como su número de red. Puede que no pueda hacerlo si, por ejemplo, el número de red ya está instalado con una máscara diferente. En ese caso, el software Cisco IOS instala el LSA recién recibido como su número de broadcast en lugar de su número de red.
Revisión | Fecha de publicación | Comentarios |
---|---|---|
1.0 |
11-Nov-2013 |
Versión inicial |