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Este documento describe los pasos necesarios para habilitar el ruteo del Protocolo de gateway fronterizo (BGP) (eBGP/iBGP) y otros problemas.
Cisco recomienda que tenga conocimiento sobre estos temas:
Este documento se basa en el firewall Cisco Firepower serie 2100 que ejecuta la versión 9.16 del software Cisco ASA
La información que contiene este documento se creó a partir de los dispositivos en un ambiente de laboratorio específico. Todos los dispositivos que se utilizan en este documento se pusieron en funcionamiento con una configuración verificada (predeterminada). Si tiene una red en vivo, asegúrese de entender el posible impacto de cualquier comando.
Este documento también trata sobre cómo establecer un proceso de ruteo BGP, configurar los parámetros generales de BGP, el filtrado de rutas en un Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) y resolver problemas relacionados con la vecindad. Esta función se introdujo en la versión 9.2.1 del software ASA.
No admite el modo de firewall transparente. BGP sólo se soporta en el modo ruteado.
El sistema no agrega entradas de ruta para la dirección IP recibida a través de PPPoE en la tabla de rutas de CP. BGP siempre busca en la tabla de ruta CP para iniciar la sesión TCP, por lo tanto BGP no forma una sesión TCP. Por lo tanto, no se soporta BGP sobre PPPoE.
Para evitar las inestabilidad de adyacencia debido a las actualizaciones de ruta que se descartan si la actualización de ruta es mayor que la MTU mínima en el link, asegúrese de configurar la misma MTU en las interfaces en ambos lados del link.
La tabla BGP de la unidad miembro no está sincronizada con la tabla de la unidad de control. Sólo su tabla de ruteo está sincronizada con la tabla de ruteo de la unidad de control.
ASA-1(config)# show proc | in BGP
Mwe 0x00000000010120d0 0x00007ffecc8ca5c8 0x0000000006136380
0 0x00007ffecc8c27c0 29432/32768 BGP Task
Mwe 0x0000000000fb3acd 0x00007ffecba47b48 0x0000000006136380
11 0x00007ffecba3fd00 31888/32768 BGP Scheduler
Lwe 0x0000000000fd3e40 0x00007ffecd3373e8 0x0000000006136380
26 0x00007ffecd32f5f0 30024/32768 BGP Scanner
Mwe 0x0000000000fd70b9 0x00007ffecd378cd8 0x0000000006136380
10 0x00007ffecd370eb0 28248/32768 BGP Router
Mwe 0x0000000000fc9f84 0x00007ffecd32f3e8 0x0000000006136380
2 0x00007ffecd3275a0 30328/32768 BGP I/O
Mwe 0x000000000100c125 0x00007ffecd33f458 0x0000000006136380
0 0x00007ffecd337640 32032/32768 BGP Event
Compatibilidad con interfaz de loopback para tráfico BGP
Compatibilidad de BGP con IPv6
Soporte BGP para los mapas anunciados
Soporte BGP para agrupamiento ASA
Graceful Restart es compatible con IPv6
El comando show route summary se utiliza para obtener el uso de memoria de los protocolos de ruteo individuales.
Los peers BGP atraviesan varios estados antes de convertirse en vecinos adyacentes e intercambian información de ruteo. En cada uno de los estados, los pares deben enviar y recibir mensajes, procesar datos de mensajes e inicializar recursos antes de pasar al siguiente estado. Este proceso se conoce como máquina de estado finito (FSM) BGP. Si el proceso falla en algún momento, la sesión se interrumpe y los pares vuelven al estado Inactivo y comienzan el proceso de nuevo. Cada vez que se interrumpe una sesión, todas las rutas del par que no está activo se eliminan de las tablas, lo que causa tiempo de inactividad.
BGP se ejecuta entre routers en diferentes sistemas autónomos. De forma predeterminada, en eBGP (iguales en dos sistemas autónomos (AS) diferentes) IP TTL se establece en 1, lo que significa que se supone que los pares están conectados directamente. En este caso, cuando un paquete cruza un router, TTL se convierte en 0 y luego el paquete se pierde más allá de eso. En los casos en que los dos vecinos no estén conectados directamente (por ejemplo, peering con interfaces loopback o peering cuando los dispositivos están a varios saltos de distancia), debe agregar el comando neighbor x.x.x.x ebgp-multihop <TTL>. De lo contrario, no se puede establecer la vecindad BGP. Además, un peer eBGP anuncia todas las mejores rutas que conoce o que ha aprendido de sus peers (ya sea peer eBGP o peer iBGP), lo cual no es el caso de iBGP.
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath compare-routerid
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 203.0.113.2 remote-as 200
neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate
network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.106.44.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
router bgp 200
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath compare-routerid
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 203.0.113.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 203.0.113.1 activate
network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.180.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.30.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
En iBGP, no hay restricción de que los vecinos tengan que estar conectados directamente. Sin embargo, un peer iBGP no puede anunciar el prefijo que aprendió de un peer iBGP a otro peer iBGP. Esta restricción está ahí para evitar loops dentro del mismo AS. Para aclarar esto, cuando una ruta se pasa a un par eBGP, el número AS local se agrega al prefijo en el as-path, de modo que si recibimos el mismo paquete de vuelta que establece nuestro AS en el as-path, sabemos que es un loop y que el paquete se descarta. Sin embargo, cuando se anuncia una ruta a un peer iBGP, el número AS local no se agrega a as-path, ya que los peers están en el mismo AS.
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath compare-routerid
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 203.0.113.2 remote-as 100
neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate
network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.106.44.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath compare-routerid
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 203.0.113.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 203.0.113.1 activate
network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.180.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.30.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
Un ASA con vecindad BGP con otro ASA que está a un salto de distancia. Para la vecindad, debe asegurarse de que tiene conectividad entre vecinos. Haga ping para confirmar la conectividad. Asegúrese de que el puerto TCP 179 esté permitido en ambas direcciones en los dispositivos intermedios.
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath compare-routerid
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 198.51.100.1 remote-as 200
neighbor 198.51.100.1 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 198.51.100.1 activate
network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.106.44.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
router bgp 200
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath compare-routerid
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 203.0.113.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 203.0.113.1 ebgp-multihop 2
neighbor 203.0.113.1 activate
network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.180.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.30.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
Con BGP puede controlar una actualización de ruteo que se envía y recibe. En este ejemplo, se bloquea una actualización de ruteo para el prefijo de red 172.16.30.0/24 que está detrás de ASA-2. Para el filtrado de rutas, sólo puede utilizar la ACL ESTÁNDAR.
access-list bgp-in line 1 standard deny 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0
access-list bgp-in line 2 standard permit any4
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp bestpath compare-routerid
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 203.0.113.2 remote-as 200
neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate
network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 172.16.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.106.44.0 mask 255.255.255.0
distribute-list bgp-in in
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
Verifique la tabla de ruteo.
ASA-1(config)# show bgp cidr-only
BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 203.0.113.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.10.10.0/24 203.0.113.2 0 0 200 i
*> 10.106.44.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 10.180.10.0/24 203.0.113.2 0 0 200 i
*> 172.16.20.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.10.0/16 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
Verifique el número de visitas de la lista de control de acceso (ACL).
ASA-1(config)# show access-list bgp-in
access-list bgp-in; 2 elements; name hash: 0x3f99de19
access-list bgp-in line 1 standard deny 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 (hitcnt=1) 0xb5abad25
access-list bgp-in line 2 standard permit any4 (hitcnt=4) 0x59d08160
De manera similar, puede utilizar una ACL para filtrar lo que se envía sin el comando distribute-list.
BGP se soporta en el contexto múltiple. En el caso de multicontexto, primero debe definir el proceso del router BGP en el contexto del sistema. Si intenta crear un proceso BGP sin definirlo en el contexto del sistema, obtendrá este error.
ASA-1/admin(config)# router bgp 100
%BGP process cannot be created in non-system context
ERROR: Unable to create router process
First we Need to define it in system context.
ASA-1/admin(config)#changeto context system
ASA-1(config)# router bgp 100
ASA-1(config-router)#exit
Now create bgp process in admin context.
ASA-1(config)#changeto context admin
ASA-1/admin(config)# router bgp 100
ASA-1/admin(config-router)#
Verifique la conexión TCP en el puerto 179.
ASA-1(config)# show asp table socket
Protocol Socket State Local Address Foreign Address
SSL 00001478 LISTEN 172.16.20.1:443 0.0.0.0:*
TCP 000035e8 LISTEN 203.0.113.1:179 0.0.0.0:*
TCP 00005cd8 ESTAB 203.0.113.1:44368 203.0.113.2:179
SSL 00006658 LISTEN 10.106.44.221:443 0.0.0.0:*
Mostrar los vecinos BGP.
ASA-1(config)# show bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 203.0.113.2, context single_vf, remote AS 200, external link >> eBGP
BGP version 4, remote router ID 203.0.113.2
BGP state = Established, up for 00:04:42
Last read 00:00:13, last write 00:00:17, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is
60 seconds
Neighbor sessions:
1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Multisession Capability:
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 2 2
Keepalives: 5 5
Route Refresh: 0 0
Total: 8 8
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
Session: 203.0.113.2
BGP table version 7, neighbor version 7/0
Output queue size : 0
Index 1
1 update-group member
Sent Rcvd
Prefix activity: ---- ----
Prefixes Current: 3 3 (Consumes 240 bytes)
Prefixes Total: 3 3
Implicit Withdraw: 0 0
Explicit Withdraw: 0 0
Used as bestpath: n/a 3
Used as multipath: n/a 0
Outbound Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- -------
Bestpath from this peer: 3 n/a
Total: 3 0
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 3, min 0
Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 203.0.113.2
Connections established 1; dropped 0
Last reset never
Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is enabled
Graceful-Restart is disabled
ASA-1(config)# show route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
Gateway of last resort is 10.106.44.1 to network 0.0.0.0
B 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 [20/0] via 203.0.113.2, 00:05:48
B 10.180.10.0 255.255.255.0 [20/0] via 203.0.113.2, 00:05:48
B 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 [20/0] via 203.0.113.2, 00:05:48
ASA-2# show route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
Gateway of last resort is not set
B 10.106.44.0 255.255.255.0 [20/0] via 203.0.113.1, 00:36:32
B 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 [20/0] via 203.0.113.1, 00:36:32
B 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 [20/0] via 203.0.113.1, 00:36:32
Para ver las rutas para un ASA específico, ingrese el comando show route bgp <AS-No.>.
ASA-1(config)# show route bgp ?
exec mode commands/options:
100 Autonomous system number
| Output modifiers
<cr>
ASA-1(config)# show route 172.16.30.0
Routing entry for 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0
Known via "bgp 100", distance 20, metric 0
Tag 200, type external
Last update from 203.0.113.2 0:09:43 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 203.0.113.2, from 203.0.113.2, 0:09:43 ago
Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
AS Hops 1-----------------------------------> ASA HOP is one
Route tag 200
MPLS label: no label string provided
ASA-1(config)# show bgp cidr-only
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 203.0.113.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.10.10.0/24 203.0.113.2 0 0 200 i
*> 10.106.44.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 10.180.10.0/24 203.0.113.2 0 0 200 i
*> 172.16.20.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 172.16.30.0/24 203.0.113.2 0 0 200 i
ASA-1(config)# show bgp summary
BGP router identifier 203.0.113.1, local AS number 100
BGP table version is 7, main routing table version 7
6 network entries using 1200 bytes of memory
6 path entries using 480 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 416 bytes of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 2120 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 6/0 prefixes, 6/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
203.0.113.2 4 200 16 17 7 0 0 00:14:19 3
ASA-1(config)# show route summary
IP routing table maximum-paths is 3
Route Source Networks Subnets Replicates Overhead Memory (bytes)
connected 0 8 0 704 2304
static 2 5 0 616 2016
ospf 1 0 0 0 0 0
Intra-area: 0 Inter-area: 0 External-1: 0 External-2: 0
NSSA External-1: 0 NSSA External-2: 0
bgp 100 0 3 0 264 864
External: 3 Internal: 0 Local: 0
internal 7 3176
Total 9 16 0 1584 8360
ASA-1(config)# show bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 203.0.113.2, context single_vf, remote AS 100, internal link >> iBGP
BGP version 4, remote router ID 203.0.113.2
BGP state = Established, up for 00:02:19
Last read 00:00:13, last write 00:00:17, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is
60 seconds
Neighbor sessions:
1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Multisession Capability:
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 2 2
Keepalives: 5 5
Route Refresh: 0 0
Total: 8 8
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
Session: 203.0.113.2
BGP table version 7, neighbor version 7/0
Output queue size : 0
Index 1
1 update-group member
Sent Rcvd
Prefix activity: ---- ----
Prefixes Current: 3 3 (Consumes 240 bytes)
Prefixes Total: 3 3
Implicit Withdraw: 0 0
Explicit Withdraw: 0 0
Used as bestpath: n/a 3
Used as multipath: n/a 0
Outbound Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- -------
Bestpath from this peer: 3 n/a
Total: 3 0
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 3, min 0
Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 203.0.113.2
Connections established 1; dropped 0
Last reset never
Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is enabled
Graceful-Restart is disabled
ASA-1(config)# show route 172.16.30.0
Routing entry for 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0
Known via "bgp 100", distance 20, metric 0, type internal
Last update from 203.0.113.2 0:07:05 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 203.0.113.2, from 203.0.113.2, 0:07:05 ago
Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
AS Hops 0 -------------------->> ASA HOP is 0 as it's internal route
MPLS label: no label string provided
De forma predeterminada, los vecinos BGP deben estar conectados directamente. Esto se debe a que el valor TTL para los paquetes BGP es siempre 1 (predeterminado). Por lo tanto, en caso de que un vecino BGP no esté conectado directamente, debe definir un valor de salto múltiple BGP que dependa de la cantidad de saltos que haya en la trayectoria.
Aquí hay un ejemplo de un caso de valor TTL de conexión directa:
ASA-1(config)#show cap bgp detail
5: 06:30:19.789769 6c41.6a1f.25e3 a0cf.5b5c.5060 0x0800 Length: 70
203.0.113.1.44368 > 203.0.113.2.179: S [tcp sum ok] 3733850223:3733850223(0)
win 32768 <mss 1460,nop,nop,timestamp 15488246 0> (DF) [tos 0xc0] [ttl 1] (id 62822)
6: 06:30:19.792286 a0cf.5b5c.5060 6c41.6a1f.25e3 0x0800 Length: 58
203.0.113.22.179 > 203.0.113.1.44368: S [tcp sum ok] 1053711883:1053711883(0)
ack 3733850224 win 16384 <mss 1360> [tos 0xc0] [ttl 1] (id 44962)
7: 06:30:19.792302 6c41.6a1f.25e3 a0cf.5b5c.5060 0x0800 Length: 54
203.0.113.1.44368 > 203.0.113.22.179: . [tcp sum ok] 3733850224:3733850224(0)
ack 1053711884 win 32768 (DF) [tos 0xc0] [ttl 1] (id 52918)
Si los vecinos no están conectados directamente, debe ingresar el comando bgp multihop para definir cuántos SALTOS debe tener un vecino para aumentar el valor TTL en el encabezado IP.
Aquí hay un ejemplo de un valor TTL en el caso de salto múltiple (en este caso el vecino BGP está a 1 SALTO de distancia):
ASA-1(config)#show cap bgp detail
5: 13:10:04.059963 6c41.6a1f.25e3 a0cf.5b5c.5060 0x0800 Length: 70
203.0.113.1.63136 > 198.51.100.1.179: S [tcp sum ok] 979449598:979449598(0)
win 32768 <mss 1460,nop,nop,timestamp 8799571 0> (DF) [tos 0xc0] (ttl 2, id 62012)
6: 13:10:04.060681 a0cf.5b5c.5060 6c41.6a1f.25e3 0x0800 Length: 70 198.51.100.1.179 >
203.0.113.1.63136: S [tcp sum ok] 0:0(0) ack 979449599 win 32768 <mss 1460,nop,nop,
timestamp 6839704 8799571> (DF) [tos 0xac] [ttl 1] (id 60372)
7: 13:10:04.060696 6c41.6a1f.25e3 a0cf.5b5c.5060 0x0800 Length: 66
203.0.113.1.63136 >198.51.100.1.179: . [tcp sum ok] 979449599:979449599(0) ack 1
win 32768 <nop,nop,timestamp 8799571 6839704> (DF) [tos 0xc0] (ttl 2, id 53699)
ASA-1(config)# show asp table routing
route table timestamp: 66
in 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 identity
in 203.0.113.1 255.255.255.255 identity
in 203.0.113.254 255.255.255.255 via 10.13.14.4, outside
in 192.0.2.78 255.255.255.255 via 10.16.17.4, DMZ
in 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 identity
in 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.255 identity
in 10.106.44.190 255.255.255.255 identity
in 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 via 203.0.113.2, outside (resolved, timestamp: 66)
in 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 via 203.0.113.2, outside (resolved, timestamp: 64)
in 10.180.10.0 255.255.255.0 via 203.0.113.2, outside (resolved, timestamp: 65)
in 203.0.113.0 255.255.255.0 outside
in 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 via 10.13.14.4, outside
in 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 via 10.13.14.20, outside
in 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 via 10.16.17.4, DMZ
in 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 inside
in 10.106.44.0 255.255.255.0 management
in 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 DMZ
BGP support for nonstop forwarding We added support for BGP Nonstop Forwarding. We introduced the following new commands: bgp graceful-restart, neighbor ha-mode graceful-restart
ASA-1(config)# show asp table socket
Protocol Socket State Local Address Foreign Address
SSL 00001478 LISTEN 172.16.20.1:443 0.0.0.0:*
TCP 000035e8 LISTEN 203.0.113.1:179 0.0.0.0:*
TCP 00005cd8 ESTAB 203.0.113.1:44368 203.0.113.2:179
SSL 00006658 LISTEN 10.106.44.221:443 0.0.0.0:*
%ASA-7-609001: Built local-host identity:203.0.113.1
%ASA-7-609001: Built local-host outside:203.0.113.2
%ASA-6-302013: Built outbound TCP connection 14 for outside:203.0.113.2/179
(203.0.113.2/179) to identity:203.0.113.1/43790 (203.0.113.1/43790)
%ASA-3-418018: neighbor 203.0.113.2 Up
Si la vecindad no se forma incluso después de un intercambio de señales TCP de 3 vías exitoso, el problema es con BGP FSM. Recopile una captura de paquetes y registros del sistema del ASA y verifique con qué estado tiene problemas.
Nota: Consulte Información Importante sobre Comandos Debug antes de utilizar los comandos debug.
Ingrese el comando debug ip bgp para resolver problemas relacionados con la actualización de ruteo y vecindad.
ASA-1(config)# debug ip bgp ?
exec mode commands/options:
A.B.C.D BGP neighbor address
events BGP events
in BGP Inbound information
ipv4 Address family
keepalives BGP keepalives
out BGP Outbound information
range BGP dynamic range
rib-filter Next hop route watch filter events
updates BGP updates
<cr>
Ingrese el comando debug ip bgp events para resolver problemas relacionados con la vecindad.
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active went from Idle to Active
BGP: 203.0.113.2 open active, local address 203.0.113.1
BGP: ses global 203.0.113.2 (0x00007ffec085c590:0) act Adding topology IPv4 Unicast:base
BGP: ses global 203.0.113.2 (0x00007ffec085c590:0) act Send OPEN
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active went from Active to OpenSent
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active sending OPEN, version 4, my as: 100, holdtime 180 seconds,
ID cb007101
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcv message type 1, length (excl. header) 34
BGP: ses global 203.0.113.2 (0x00007ffec085c590:0) act Receive OPEN
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcv OPEN, version 4, holdtime 180 seconds
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcv OPEN w/ OPTION parameter len: 24
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 6
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 1, length 4
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has MP_EXT CAP for afi/safi: 1/1
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 2
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 128, length 0
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has ROUTE-REFRESH capability(old) for all address-families
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 2
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 2, length 0
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has ROUTE-REFRESH capability(new) for all address-families
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 6
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 65, length 4
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active OPEN has 4-byte ASN CAP for: 200
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active rcvd OPEN w/ remote AS 200, 4-byte remote AS 200
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active went from OpenSent to OpenConfirm
BGP: 203.0.113.2 active went from OpenConfirm to Established
Ingrese el comando debug ip bgp updates para resolver los problemas relacionados con la actualización de ruteo.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Mem global 203.0.113.2 Changing state from DOWN to WAIT
(pending advertised bit allocation).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Grp global 4 Created.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Blocked (not in list).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Ref Blocked (not in list).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Rpl global 4 1 Created.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Rpl global 4 1 Net bitfield index 0 allocated.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Mem global 4 1 203.0.113.2 Added to group (now has 1 members).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Mem global 4 1 203.0.113.2 Staying in WAIT state
(current walker waiting for net prepend).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Start net prepend.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Inserting initial marker.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Done net prepend (0 attrs).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Grp global 4 Starting refresh after prepend completion.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Start at marker 1.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Grp global 4 Message limit changed from 100 to 1000 (used 0 + 0).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Unblocked
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Mem global 4 1 203.0.113.2 Changing state from WAIT to ACTIVE
(ready).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Mem global 4 1 203.0.113.2 No refresh required.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection done on marker 1 after 0 net(s).
BGP(0): 203.0.113.2 rcvd UPDATE w/ attr: nexthop 203.0.113.2, origin i, metric 0,
merged path 200, AS_PATH
BGP(0): 203.0.113.2 rcvd 10.10.10.0/24
BGP(0): 203.0.113.2 rcvd 172.16.30.0/24
BGP(0): 203.0.113.2 rcvd 10.180.10.0/24-----------------> Routes rcvd from peer
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 10.10.10.1/32 Changed.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 172.16.30.0/24 Changed.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 10.180.10.0/24 Changed.
BGP(0): Revise route installing 1 of 1 routes for 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ->
203.0.113.2(global) to main IP table
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 10.10.10.0/24 RIB done.
BGP(0): Revise route installing 1 of 1 routes for 172.16.30.0 255.255.255.0 ->
203.0.113.2(global) to main IP table
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 172.16.30.0/24 RIB done.
BGP(0): Revise route installing 1 of 1 routes for 10.180.10.0 255.255.255.0 ->
203.0.113.2(global) to main IP table
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 10.180.10.0/24 RIB done.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab RIB walk done version 4, added 1 topologies.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab Ready in READ-WRITE.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab RIB walk done version 4, added 1 topologies.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab All topologies are EOR ready.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab RIB walk done version 4, added 1 topologies.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab Executing.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Processing.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Reached marker with version 1.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Appending nets from attr 0x00007ffecc9b7b88.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Attr change from 0x0000000000000000 to
0x00007ffecc9b7b88.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Net 10.10.10.0/24 Skipped.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Net 172.16.30.0/24 Skipped.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Net 10.180.10.0/24 Skipped.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global No attributes with modified nets.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Added tail marker with version 4.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Reached marker with version 4.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global No attributes with modified nets.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Done (end of list), processed 1 attr(s),
0/3 net(s), 0 pos.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Grp global 4 Checking EORs (0/1).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Mem global 4 1 203.0.113.2 Send EOR.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Grp global 4 Converged.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab Processed 1 walker(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab Generation completed.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Deleting first marker with version 1.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection reached marker 1 after 0 net(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global First convergence done.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Deleting first marker with version 1.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection reached marker 1 after 0 net(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection done on marker 4 after 3 net(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection done on marker 4 after 0 net(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 192.168.10.0/24 Changed.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 172.16.20.0/24 Changed.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 10.106.44.0/24 Changed.
BGP(0): nettable_walker 10.106.44.0/24 route sourced locally
BGP: topo global:IPv4 Unicast:base Remove_fwdroute for 10.106.44.0/24
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 10.106.44.0/24 RIB done.
BGP(0): nettable_walker 172.16.20.0/24 route sourced locally
BGP: topo global:IPv4 Unicast:base Remove_fwdroute for 172.16.20.0/24
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 172.16.20.0/24 RIB done.
BGP(0): nettable_walker 192.168.10.0/24 route sourced locally---------> Routes
advertised
BGP: topo global:IPv4 Unicast:base Remove_fwdroute for 192.168.10.0/24
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Net global 192.168.10.0/24 RIB done.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab RIB walk done version 8, added 1 topologies.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab Executing.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Processing.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Appending nets from attr 0x00007ffecc9b7c70.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Attr change from 0x0000000000000000 to
0x00007ffecc9b7c70.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Rpl global 4 1 Net 10.106.44.0/24 Set advertised bit (total 1).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Net 10.106.44.0/24 Formatted.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Rpl global 4 1 Net 172.16.20.0/24 Set advertised bit (total 2).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Net 172.16.20.0/24 Formatted.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Rpl global 4 1 Net 192.168.10.0/24 Set advertised bit (total 4).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Net 192.168.10.0/24 Formatted.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global No attributes with modified nets.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Added tail marker with version 8.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Reached marker with version 8.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global No attributes with modified nets.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Replicating.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Done (end of list), processed 1 attr(s),
4/4 net(s), 0 pos.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Grp global 4 Start minimum advertisement timer (30 secs).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Wkr global 4 Cur Blocked (minimum advertisement interval).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Grp global 4 Converged.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab Processed 1 walker(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab Generation completed.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Deleting first marker with version 4.
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection reached marker 4 after 0 net(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection done on marker 8 after 4 net(s).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Top global Collection done on marker 8 after 0 net(s).
BGP: TX Member message pool under period (60 < 600).
BGP: TX IPv4 Unicast Tab RIB walk done version 8, added 1 topologies.
Ingrese estos comandos para resolver problemas de esta función:
Revisión | Fecha de publicación | Comentarios |
---|---|---|
3.0 |
29-Feb-2024 |
Actualización de formato y código HTML para la información interna de Cisco. |
2.0 |
19-Jan-2023 |
Contenido técnico actualizado para actualizarlo.
PII eliminado.
Texto alternativo agregado.
Introducción actualizada, Gerunds, Traducción automática, Requisitos de estilo y formato |
1.0 |
11-Aug-2014 |
Versión inicial |