In questo documento viene descritto come configurare il failover con il protocollo EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) utilizzando il routing e l'inoltro virtuali (VRF). VRF è un'estensione del routing IP che fornisce più istanze di routing. I provider di servizi Internet (ISP) traggono vantaggio da questo VRF per creare reti VPN (Virtual Private Network) separate per i clienti, in quanto consente l'esistenza di più istanze della tabella di routing in un router.
Conoscenze base di EIGRP
Conoscenze base di VRF
Le configurazioni di questo documento si basano sul router Cisco serie 3700 con software Cisco IOS® versione 12.4 (15)T 13.
Per ulteriori informazioni sulle convenzioni usate, consultare il documento Cisco sulle convenzioni nei suggerimenti tecnici.
Nell'esempio, il router R1 è considerato un router PE. I router R2 e R3 sono considerati router CE. I router comunicano tra loro usando il protocollo EIGRP. Se R2 perde la connettività con R1 (ovvero, in caso di failover), le route possono raggiungere R1 tramite R3. I router R2 e R3 dispongono di una connessione MPLS.
Nota: per ulteriori informazioni sui comandi menzionati in questo documento, usare lo strumento di ricerca dei comandi (solo utenti registrati).
Nel documento viene usata questa impostazione di rete:
Nel documento vengono usate queste configurazioni:
Router R1 |
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! version 12.4 ! hostname R1 ! ip cef ! ! interface Loopback0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 57.35.169.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router eigrp 220 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 network 57.35.169.2 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.1.0 no auto-summary !--- Configured EIGRP and advertised the networks. ! end |
Router R2 |
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! version 12.4 ! hostname R2 ! ip cef ! ip vrf A !--- Configures VRF routing table! rd 1.1.1.1:111 !---Configuring a route distinguisher RD creates routing and forwarding table for a VRF. The RD can be used in either of these formats: - 16-bit AS number: Your 32-bit number (for example, 1:100) - 32-bit IP address: Your 16-bit number (In our case, 1.1.1.1:111) route-target export 1.1.1.1:111 route-target import 1.1.1.1:111 !--- Creates a list of import and/or export route target communities for the specified VRF. ! ip vrf B rd 2.2.2.2:222 import ipv4 unicast map vrfA-to-vrfB !--- Associates the specified route map with the VRF. route-target export 2.2.2.2:222 route-target import 2.2.2.2:222 ! mpls label protocol ldp ! interface Loopback1 ip vrf forwarding B !--- Associates a VRF instance with an interface. ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip vrf forwarding A ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip vrf forwarding A ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto mpls ip ! interface FastEthernet1/0 ip vrf forwarding B ip address 203.197.194.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router eigrp 1 no auto-summary ! address-family ipv4 vrf B !--- Enter address family configuration mode for configuring EIGRP routing sessions. network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 network 203.197.194.0 no auto-summary autonomous-system 330 !--- Defines the autonomous system number for this specific instance of EIGRP. exit-address-family ! address-family ipv4 vrf A network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.1.0 no auto-summary autonomous-system 220 exit-address-family ! access-list 99 permit 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 99 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 101 permit udp host 192.168.1.1 eq bootps host 1.1.1.1 eq bootps !--- Create access list in order to permit the host addresses. ! route-map vrfA-to-vrfB permit 10 match ip address 99 !--- Created a route map and distributed the routes permitted by access list 99. ! end |
Router R3 |
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! version 12.4 ! hostname R3 ! ip cef ! ! ! ! ip vrf A rd 1.1.1.1:111 ! mpls label protocol ldp ! interface Loopback1 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip vrf forwarding A ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto mpls ip ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip vrf forwarding A ip address 57.35.169.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 203.197.194.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router eigrp 330 network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 network 57.35.169.1 0.0.0.0 network 203.197.194.0 no auto-summary ! address-family ipv4 vrf A network 10.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 network 57.35.169.1 0.0.0.0 no auto-summary autonomous-system 220 exit-address-family ! end |
Per verificare che la configurazione funzioni correttamente, consultare questa sezione.
Lo strumento Output Interpreter (solo utenti registrati) (OIT) supporta alcuni comandi show. Usare l'OIT per visualizzare un'analisi dell'output del comando show.
Per verificare che il protocollo EIGRP sia configurato correttamente, usare il comando show ip route vrf.
show ip route vrf |
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Nel router R2 R2#show ip route vrf A Routing Table: A Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 I - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 2.2.2.2 [90/409600] via 192.168.1.2, 00:15:47, FastEthernet0/0 57.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 57.35.169.0 [90/307200] via 192.168.1.2, 00:15:47, FastEthernet0/0 [90/307200] via 10.0.0.2, 00:15:47, FastEthernet0/1 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0Nel router R3 R3#show ip route vrf A Routing Table: A Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 I - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 2.2.2.2 [90/409600] via 57.35.169.2, 00:16:59, FastEthernet0/1 57.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 57.35.169.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/307200] via 57.35.169.2, 00:17:02, FastEthernet0/1 [90/307200] via 10.0.0.1, 00:17:02, FastEthernet0/0 !--- Displays the routing table associated with VRF instance A. |
Se R2 perde la connettività con R1, i percorsi da R2 raggiungeranno il router R1 a R3.
In caso di failover |
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Quando R2 perde la connettività con R1, provare a eseguire il comando shdown su Fa0/0 di R2. Nel router R2 R2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#int fa0/0 R2(config-if)#shut down R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:01:01.539: %TDP-5-INFO: VRF A: TDP ID removed *Mar 1 00:01:01.675: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor (vrf A) 57.35.169.1:0 (1) is DOWN (LDP Router ID changed) *Mar 1 00:01:01.679: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(1) 220: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (FastEthernet0/0) is down: interface down R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:01:03.519: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to administratively down *Mar 1 00:01:04.519: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to downNella stessa istanza del router R3, viene attivato il collegamento di failover. R3# *Mar 1 00:00:52.527: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor (vrf A) 192.168.1.1:0 (1) is DOWN (TCP connection closed by peer) R3# *Mar 1 00:00:59.591: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor (vrf A) 10.0.0.1:0 (1) is UP |
Per verificare che il router R2 possa ancora raggiungere R1, usare il comando ping vrf per eseguire il ping di R1 dal router R2.
Ping |
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Nel router R2 R2#ping vrf A 192.168.1.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/51/96 ms !--- R2 can still reach R1 through R3. |