Configurazione di DVTI con protocolli di routing dinamico su firewall protetto

Aggiornato:30 marzo 2023
ID documento:220320

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    Introduzione

    In questo documento viene descritto come configurare una DVTI (Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface) su Secure Firewall 9.20.

    Prerequisiti

    • Disporre di un Cisco Secure Firewall con ASA 9.20 o versioni successive con una configurazione di routing di base e supporto IKEV2 che funzioni da hub con un'interfaccia di loopback per simulare la rete locale in locale di 192.168.9.0/24.
    • disporre di un Cisco Secure Firewall con ASA 9.20 o versioni successive con configurazione di routing di base e supporto IKEv2 per funzionare come spoke-1 con un'interfaccia loopback preconfigurata per simulare la rete remota 192.168.7.0/24.

    Requisiti

    • Conoscenza generale di tutti i protocolli di routing dinamico descritti in questo documento (OSPF, EIGRP e BGP).
    • Conoscere bene la configurazione CLI sui dispositivi Cisco Secure Firewall.

    Componenti usati

    Le informazioni fornite in questo documento si basano sulle seguenti versioni software:

    • Cisco Secure Firewall con ASA 9.20 o versioni successive.
    note-icon

    Nota: le informazioni discusse in questo documento fanno riferimento a dispositivi usati in uno specifico ambiente di emulazione. Su tutti i dispositivi menzionati nel documento la configurazione è stata ripristinata ai valori predefiniti. Se la rete è operativa, valutare attentamente eventuali conseguenze derivanti dall'uso dei comandi.

    Premesse

    Interfacce tunnel virtuali dinamiche

    Le interfacce DVTI (Virtual Tunnel Interfaces) dinamiche possono fornire una connettività altamente sicura e scalabile per le reti VPN (Virtual Private Network) ad accesso remoto.

    I DVTI possono essere utilizzati sia per la configurazione Hub che Spoke. I tunnel forniscono un'interfaccia di accesso virtuale separata su richiesta per ciascuna sessione VPN. 

    1. Lo spoke avvia una richiesta di scambio IKE con l'hub per una connessione VPN.

    2. L'hub autentica lo spoke.

    3. Il Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center assegna un modello virtuale dinamico sull'hub.

    4. Il modello virtuale genera dinamicamente un'interfaccia di accesso virtuale sull'hub. Questa interfaccia è univoca per la sessione VPN per spoke.

    5. L'hub stabilisce un tunnel VTI dinamico con lo spoke che utilizza l'interfaccia di accesso virtuale.

    6. Il traffico di scambio hub e spoke sul tunnel che utilizza protocolli di routing dinamico (BGP/OSPF/EIGRP) o con funzionalità di reti protette (Multiple-Security Association VTI).

    7. Le VTI dinamiche funzionano come qualsiasi altra interfaccia, quindi è possibile applicare QoS, regole del firewall, protocolli di routing e altre funzionalità non appena il tunnel è attivo. 

    8. Viene creata una singola DVTI sul dispositivo HUB e più interfacce tunnel statiche per più siti remoti/spoke.

    In questo articolo BGP, OSPF ed EIGRP possono essere testati su DVTI.

    note-icon

    Nota: Cisco Secure Firewall ha aggiunto il supporto per DVTI nella versione 7.3 e attualmente supporta un solo DVTI come da Cisco bug ID CSCwe13781.

    Configurazione

    Esempio di rete

    Topology

    Configurazioni

    Configurazione di Cisco Secure Firewall Hub

    Configurare l'interfaccia dell'origine del tunnel fisico.

    interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 nameif vlan2820
 security-level 100
 ip address 10.28.20.98 255.255.255.0

    Configurare il criterio IkEv2.

    crypto ikev2 policy 1
 encryption aes-256 aes-192 aes
 integrity sha512 sha384 sha256 sha
 group 21 20 14
 prf sha256
 lifetime seconds 86400

    Configurare i criteri IPSEC e collegarli a un nuovo profilo IPSEC.

    crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal VPN-LAB
 protocol esp encryption aes-256 aes-192 aes
 protocol esp integrity sha-512 sha-256 sha-1

crypto ipsec profile VPN-LAB-PROFILE
 set ikev2 ipsec-proposal VPN-LAB
 set security-association lifetime seconds 1000

    Configurare Virtual-template con il profilo IPSEC creato in precedenza e assegnarlo a un'interfaccia di loopback che fornisca l'indirizzo IP per la tecnologia DVTI.

    note-icon

    Nota: Virtual-template viene utilizzato per configurare DVTI per tunnel su richiesta.

    interface Loopback200
 nameif DVTI-LOOPBACK
 ip address 172.16.17.1 255.255.255.255 

interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel
 nameif DVTI-HUB
 ip unnumbered DVTI-LOOPBACK
 tunnel source interface vlan2820
 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
 tunnel protection ipsec profile FMC_IPSEC_PROFILE_2

    Creare un'interfaccia di loopback secondaria per simulare il traffico proveniente dalla rete locale dietro l'hub.

    note-icon

    Nota: se il traffico locale è dietro l'hub, ignorare questo passaggio.

    interface Loopback100
 nameif ON-PREM
 ip address 192.168.9.1 255.255.255.255

    Configurare il gruppo di tunnel.

    note-icon

    Nota: il comando route set interface invia l'indirizzo IP DVTI come indirizzo IP statico al peer.

    tunnel-group 10.28.20.100 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 10.28.20.100 ipsec-attributes
 virtual-template 1 
 ikev2 remote-authentication pre-shared-key *****
 ikev2 local-authentication pre-shared-key *****
 ikev2 route set interface

    Abilitare IKEv2 sull'interfaccia che genera il tunnel.

    crypto ikev2 enable vlan2820

    Configurazione spoke di Cisco Secure Firewall

    Configurare l'interfaccia dell'origine del tunnel fisico.

    interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 nameif vlan2820
 security-level 100
 ip address 10.28.20.100 255.255.255.0

    Configurare il criterio IKEv2.

    crypto ikev2 policy 1
 encryption aes-256 aes-192 aes
 integrity sha512 sha384 sha256 sha
 group 21 20 14
 prf sha256
 lifetime seconds 86400

    Configurare i criteri IPSEC e collegarli a un nuovo profilo IPSEC.

    crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal VPN-LAB
 protocol esp encryption aes-256 aes-192 aes
 protocol esp integrity sha-512 sha-256 sha-1
crypto ipsec profile VPN-LAB-PROFILE
 set ikev2 ipsec-proposal VPN-LAB
 set security-association lifetime seconds 1000

    Configurare l'interfaccia tunnel virtuale statica con il profilo IPSEC, creato in precedenza, e assegnarla a un'interfaccia di loopback che fornisce l'indirizzo IP senza numero.

    interface Loopback200
 nameif VTI-LOOPBACK
 ip address 172.16.17.2 255.255.255.255 

interface Tunnel2
 nameif SVTI-SPOKE-3
 ip unnumbered VTI-LOOPBACK
 tunnel source interface vlan2820
 tunnel destination 10.28.20.98
 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
 tunnel protection ipsec profile VPN-LAB-PROFILE

    Creare un'interfaccia di loopback secondaria per simulare il traffico proveniente dalla rete LAN-REMOTE-1 dietro Spoke.

    interface Loopback100
 nameif LAN-REMOTE-1
 ip address 192.168.7.1 255.255.255.255

    Configurare il gruppo di tunnel.

    note-icon

    Nota: il comando route set interface invia l'indirizzo IP SVTI come indirizzo IP statico al peer.

    tunnel-group 10.28.20.98 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 10.28.20.98 ipsec-attributes
 ikev2 remote-authentication pre-shared-key *****
 ikev2 local-authentication pre-shared-key *****
 ikev2 route set interface

    Abilitare IKEv2 sull'interfaccia che può compilare il tunnel.

    crypto ikev2 enable vlan2820

    Configura OSPF

    Configurazione hub

    note-icon

    Nota: il comando Ridistribuisci subnet connesse viene utilizzato per annunciare la rete OnPREM agli spoke tramite OSPF. La ridistribuzione può essere diversa a seconda del progetto.

    router ospf 1
 router-id 172.16.17.1
 network 172.16.17.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
 log-adj-changes
 redistribute connected subnets

    Configurazione spoke

    router ospf 1
 router-id 172.16.17.2
 network 172.16.17.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
 log-adj-changes
 redistribute connected subnets

    Verifica OSPF

    Verifica hub

    ASAV2-hub# show ospf 

 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 172.16.17.1
 Start time: 4d23h, Time elapsed: 3d04h
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 Supports area transit capability
 Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic
 It is an autonomous system boundary router
 Redistributing External Routes from,
    connected, includes subnets in redistribution
 Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
 Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Incremental-SPF disabled
 Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
 Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 Number of external LSA 5. Checksum Sum 0x39716 
 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x0     
 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
 Number of areas transit capable is 0
 External flood list length 0
 IETF NSF helper support enabled
 Cisco NSF helper support enabled
 Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 3 (1 loopback)
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 2d04h ago
        SPF algorithm executed 10 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 2. Checksum Sum 0x1c99f 
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x0     
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0

ASAV2-hub# show ospf neighbor 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
172.16.17.2       0   FULL/  -        0:00:39     172.16.17.2     DVTI-HUB_va11

    La tabella di routing sull'hub mostra ora la rete LAN-REMOTE-1 tramite OSPF.

    ASAV2-hub# show route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.28.20.101 to network 0.0.0.0

O E2     192.168.7.0 255.255.255.255
           [110/20] via 172.16.17.2, 2d04h, DVTI-HUB_va11

    Verifica vocale

    ASAv-spoke-2# show ospf 

 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 172.16.17.2
 Start time: 3w3d, Time elapsed: 3d04h
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 Supports area transit capability
 Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic
 It is an autonomous system boundary router
 Redistributing External Routes from,
    connected, includes subnets in redistribution
 Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
 Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Incremental-SPF disabled
 Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
 Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 Number of external LSA 4. Checksum Sum 0x37bc8 
 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x0     
 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
 Number of areas transit capable is 0
 External flood list length 0
 IETF NSF helper support enabled
 Cisco NSF helper support enabled
 Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 2 (1 loopback)
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 2d04h ago
        SPF algorithm executed 1 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 2. Checksum Sum 0x1fe9a 
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x0     
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0

ASAv-spoke-2#  show ospf neighbor 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
172.16.17.1       0   FULL/  -        0:00:34     172.16.17.1     SVTI-SPOKE-3

    La tabella di routing in spoke ora mostra la rete OnPREM tramite OSPF.

    ASAv-spoke-2# show route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.28.20.101 to network 0.0.0.0

O E2     192.168.9.1 255.255.255.255 
           [110/20] via 172.16.17.1, 2d04h, SVTI-SPOKE-3

    Ora spoke LAN-REMOTE-1 è in grado di raggiungere OnPREM.

    ASAv-spoke-2# ping LAN-REMOTE-1 192.168.9.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/10 ms

ASAv-spoke-2# show crypto ipsec sa peer  10.28.20.98 | i cap|iden|spi
      local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      #pkts encaps: 9, #pkts encrypt: 9, #pkts digest: 9
      #pkts decaps: 9, #pkts decrypt: 9, #pkts verify: 9
      #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
      current outbound spi: 4BC1FF2C
      current inbound spi : FB455CB8
      spi: 0xFB455CB8 (4215626936)
      spi: 0x4BC1FF2C (1271004972)

     Ora Hub OnPREM è in grado di raggiungere LAN-REMOTE-1.

    ASAV2-hub# ping ON-PREM  192.168.7.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.7.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/10 ms

ASAV2-hub# show crypto ipsec sa peer 10.28.20.100
peer address: 10.28.20.100
interface: DVTI-HUB_va12
    Crypto map tag: DVTI-HUB_vtemplate_dyn_map, seq num: 1, local addr: 10.28.20.98

      Protected vrf (ivrf): Global
      local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      current_peer: 10.28.20.100


      #pkts encaps: 15, #pkts encrypt: 15, #pkts digest: 15
      #pkts decaps: 15, #pkts decrypt: 15, #pkts verify: 15
      #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
      #pkts not compressed: 15, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
      #pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
      #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
      #TFC rcvd: 0, #TFC sent: 0
      #Valid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0, #Invalid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0
      #send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0

      local crypto endpt.: 10.28.20.98/500, remote crypto endpt.: 10.28.20.100/500
      path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 94(44), media mtu 1500
      PMTU time remaining (sec): 0, DF policy: copy-df
      ICMP error validation: disabled, TFC packets: disabled

    Configura EIGRP

    Configurazione hub:

    ASAV2-hub# sh run router
router eigrp 10
 network 172.16.17.0 255.255.255.0
 redistribute connected

    Configurazione spoke:

    ASAv-spoke-2# sh run router
router eigrp 10
 network 172.16.17.0 255.255.255.0
 redistribute connected

    Ora spoke LAN-REMOTE-1 è in grado di raggiungere OnPREM.

    ASAv-spoke-2# ping LAN-REMOTE-1 192.168.9.1 rep 100                  
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (100/100), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/10 ms

ASAv-spoke-2# show crypto ipsec sa peer 10.28.20.98  | i cap|iden|spi
      local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      #pkts encaps: 102, #pkts encrypt: 102, #pkts digest: 102
      #pkts decaps: 102, #pkts decrypt: 102, #pkts verify: 102
      #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
      current outbound spi: 3EED404C
      current inbound spi : 646D2C0C
      spi: 0x646D2C0C (1684876300)
      spi: 0x3EED404C (1055735884)

     Ora Hub OnPREM è in grado di raggiungere LAN-REMOTE-1.

    ASAV2-hub# ping ON-PREM 192.168.7.1 rep 100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.7.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (100/100), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/10 ms

ASAV2-hub# show crypto ipsec sa peer 10.28.20.100 | i cap|iden|spi
      local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
      #pkts encaps: 208, #pkts encrypt: 208, #pkts digest: 208
      #pkts decaps: 208, #pkts decrypt: 208, #pkts verify: 208
      #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
      current outbound spi: 646D2C0C
      current inbound spi : 3EED404C
      spi: 0x3EED404C (1055735884)
      spi: 0x646D2C0C (1684876300)

    Verifica EIGRP

    Verifica hub:

    ASAV2-hub# show eigrp neighbors 
EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(10)
H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO   Q  Seq
                                            (sec)         (ms)        Cnt Num
0   172.16.17.2             DVTI-HUB_va12    12  00:02:01 8      200  0     4

    La tabella di routing sull'hub mostra ora la rete LAN-REMOTE-1 tramite EIGRP.

    ASAV2-hub# show route eigrp

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.28.20.101 to network 0.0.0.0

D EX     192.168.7.1 255.255.255.255 
           [170/53760] via 172.16.17.2, 00:05:28, DVTI-HUB_va12

    Verifica vocale:

    ASAv-spoke-2# show eigrp neighbors 
EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(10)
H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO   Q  Seq
                                            (sec)         (ms)        Cnt Num
0   172.16.17.1             SVTI-SPOKE-3     12  00:07:05 34     204  0     3

    La tabella di routing in spoke ora mostra la rete OnPREM tramite EIGRP.

    ASAv-spoke-2# show route eigrp 

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.28.20.101 to network 0.0.0.0

D EX     192.168.9.1 255.255.255.255 
           [170/53760] via 172.16.17.1, 00:07:43, SVTI-SPOKE-3

    Configurare BGP

    note-icon

    Nota: se le interfacce VTI statiche o dinamiche sono combinate con eBGP, verificare che il valore dell'hop TTL sia maggiore di uno se si utilizza BGP.

    Configurazione hub:

    router bgp 100
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 bgp bestpath compare-routerid
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 remote-as 200
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 ebgp-multihop 10
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 activate
  redistribute connected
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family

    Configurazione spoke

    router bgp 200
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 bgp bestpath compare-routerid
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  neighbor 172.16.17.1 remote-as 100
  neighbor 172.16.17.1 ebgp-multihop 10
  neighbor 172.16.17.1 activate
  redistribute connected
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family

    Verifica BGP

    Verifica hub:

    ASAV2-hub# show bgp neighbors 

BGP neighbor is 172.16.17.2,  context single_vf,  remote AS 200, external link
  BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.7.1
  BGP state = Established, up for 00:05:28
  Last read 00:00:01, last write 00:01:00, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
  Neighbor sessions:
    1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
  Neighbor capabilities:
    Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
    Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
    Multisession Capability: 
  Message statistics:
    InQ depth is 0
    OutQ depth is 0
    
                   Sent       Rcvd
    Opens:         1          1         
    Notifications: 0          0         
    Updates:       2          2         
    Keepalives:    6          6         
    Route Refresh: 0          0         
    Total:         9          9         
  Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds
              
 For address family: IPv4 Unicast
  Session: 172.16.17.2
  BGP table version 7, neighbor version 7/0
  Output queue size : 0
  Index 1
  1 update-group member
                           Sent       Rcvd
  Prefix activity:         ----       ----
    Prefixes Current:      3          3          (Consumes 240 bytes)
    Prefixes Total:        3          3         
    Implicit Withdraw:     0          0         
    Explicit Withdraw:     0          0         
    Used as bestpath:      n/a        2         
    Used as multipath:     n/a        0         

                                Outbound    Inbound
  Local Policy Denied Prefixes: --------    -------
    Bestpath from this peer:     2          n/a       
    Total:                       2          0         
  Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 3, min 0

  Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 172.16.17.2
  Connections established 1; dropped 0
  Last reset never
  External BGP neighbor may be up to 10 hops away.
  Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is enabled
  Graceful-Restart is disabled

ASAV2-hub#  
ASAV2-hub#  sh run router
router bgp 100
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 bgp bestpath compare-routerid
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 remote-as 200
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 ebgp-multihop 10
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 activate
  redistribute connected
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family
!
ASAV2-hub# sh run all router
router bgp 100
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 no bgp always-compare-med
 no bgp asnotation dot
 no bgp bestpath med
 bgp bestpath compare-routerid
 bgp default local-preference 100
 no bgp deterministic-med
 bgp enforce-first-as
 bgp maxas-limit 0
 bgp transport path-mtu-discovery
 timers bgp 60 180 0
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  bgp scan-time 60
  bgp nexthop trigger enable
  bgp nexthop trigger delay 5
  bgp aggregate-timer 30
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 remote-as 200
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 ebgp-multihop 10
  neighbor 172.16.17.2 activate
  no bgp redistribute-internal
  no bgp soft-reconfig-backup
  no bgp suppress-inactive
  redistribute connected
  distance bgp 20 200 200
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family
!

    La tabella di routing sull'hub mostra ora la rete LAN-REMOTE-1 tramite BGP.

    ASAV2-hub# show route bgp

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.28.20.101 to network 0.0.0.0

B        192.168.7.1 255.255.255.255 [20/0] via 172.16.17.2, 00:06:16

    Verifica vocale:

    ASAv-spoke-2# show bgp neighbors 

BGP neighbor is 172.16.17.1,  context single_vf,  remote AS 100, external link
  BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.9.1
  BGP state = Established, up for 00:06:59
  Last read 00:00:27, last write 00:00:20, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
  Neighbor sessions:
    1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
  Neighbor capabilities:
    Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
    Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
    Multisession Capability: 
  Message statistics:
    InQ depth is 0
    OutQ depth is 0
    
                   Sent       Rcvd
    Opens:         1          1         
    Notifications: 0          0         
    Updates:       2          2         
    Keepalives:    7          8         
    Route Refresh: 0          0         
    Total:         10         11        
  Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds
              
 For address family: IPv4 Unicast
  Session: 172.16.17.1
  BGP table version 9, neighbor version 9/0
  Output queue size : 0
  Index 1
  1 update-group member
                           Sent       Rcvd
  Prefix activity:         ----       ----
    Prefixes Current:      3          3          (Consumes 240 bytes)
    Prefixes Total:        3          3         
    Implicit Withdraw:     0          0         
    Explicit Withdraw:     0          0         
    Used as bestpath:      n/a        2         
    Used as multipath:     n/a        0         

                                Outbound    Inbound
  Local Policy Denied Prefixes: --------    -------
    Bestpath from this peer:     3          n/a       
    Total:                       3          0         
  Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 3, min 0

  Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 172.16.17.1
  Connections established 1; dropped 0
  Last reset never
  External BGP neighbor may be up to 10 hops away.
  Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is enabled
  Graceful-Restart is disabled

    La tabella di routing su spoke ora mostra la rete OnPREM tramite BGP.

    ASAv-spoke-2#   show route bgp

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
       SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.28.20.101 to network 0.0.0.0

B        192.168.9.1 255.255.255.255 [20/0] via 172.16.17.1, 00:09:22

    Risoluzione dei problemi

    Per risolvere i problemi relativi a OSPF, utilizzare i seguenti debug e comandi show:

      debug ip ospf 
  debug ip ospf packet 
  debug ip ospf events 
  debug ip ospf hello 
  debug ip ospf adj 

  show ospf 
  show ospf neighbor 
  show ospf interface

    Per risolvere i problemi relativi a EIGRP, usare i seguenti debug e comandi show:

      debug ip eigrp 
  debug ip eigrp neighbor 
  debug ip eigrp notifications 
    
  show eigrp 
  show eigrp 
    
    
      show eigrp interfaces show eigrp neighbors show eigrp topology

    Per risolvere i problemi relativi a BGP, utilizzare i seguenti debug e comandi show:.

      debug ip bgp all 
  debug ip bgp updates 
  debug ip bgp events 
  
  show bgp 
  show bgp summary 
  show bgp neighbors

    Per risolvere i problemi relativi a IKEv2, utilizzare i seguenti debug e comandi show:

      debug crypto ikev2 protocol 255
  debug crypto ikev2 platform 255
  debug crypto ipsec 255

    Informazioni correlate

    Cronologia delle revisioni

    Revisione Data di pubblicazione Commenti
    1.0
    31-Mar-2023
    Versione iniziale
    TAC Authored

    Contributo dei tecnici Cisco

    • Alan Omar Garcia Marchan
      Cisco HTTS Engineer

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