ISDN을 통해 HDLC(High-Level Data Link Control)를 사용하는 방법에는 두 가지가 있습니다.
HDLC를 실행할 물리적 인터페이스를 정의합니다.즉, HDLC가 Cisco IOS® Software에서 사용하는 기본 캡슐화이므로 캡슐화가 정의되지 않습니다.이는 DDR(Dial-on-demand routing)을 사용하여 HDLC를 구성하는 원래 방법이며 이 문서에서 설명합니다.
다이얼러 인터페이스를 사용하여 원하는 프로토콜(이 예에서는 HDLC)을 특정 다이얼러에 바인딩합니다.이는 새로운 방법이며 특정 물리적 인터페이스에서 여러 프로토콜(예: PPP[Point-to-Point Protocol] 및 HDLC)을 처리할 수 있습니다. 프로토콜이 다이얼러 인터페이스에 구성되어 있으므로 물리적 인터페이스는 제한되지 않습니다.이 방법은 동적 다중 캡슐화라고 하며 HDLC 캡슐화를 사용하여 동적 다중 캡슐화를 사용하는 ISDN DDR에서 설명합니다.
이 문서에 대한 특정 요건이 없습니다.
이 문서의 정보는 다음 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어 버전을 기반으로 합니다.
라우터 세금 및 goya는 랩 환경에서 사용되는 2500 시리즈 라우터로서 구성이 지워졌습니다.
Cisco IOS Software 릴리스 11.2(22)는 두 라우터에서 모두 사용됩니다.
이 문서의 정보는 특정 랩 환경의 디바이스를 토대로 작성되었습니다.이 문서에 사용된 모든 디바이스는 초기화된(기본) 컨피그레이션으로 시작되었습니다.현재 네트워크가 작동 중인 경우, 모든 명령어의 잠재적인 영향을 미리 숙지하시기 바랍니다.
문서 표기 규칙에 대한 자세한 내용은 Cisco 기술 팁 표기 규칙을 참조하십시오.
사용자가 ISDN에서 HDLC를 필요로 하는 이유는 PPP에 비해 많은 단점이 있기 때문에 명확하지 않습니다.유일한 목적은 구성을 단순화하는 것입니다.그러나 모든 해커의 라우터에 대한 액세스를 간소화합니다.HDLC는 어떤 종류의 인증도 지원하지 않으므로, 인터페이스에서 isdn caller 명령을 사용하여 발신 번호를 확인하는 것이 가장 좋습니다.자세한 내용은 CLI 차단 또는 ISDN 인증 및 발신자 ID를 사용한 콜백 구성을 참조하십시오.CLID(Calling Line ID) 기반 인증에서는 Telco가 ISDN 설정 메시지에 통화 번호를 제공한다고 가정합니다.그러나 많은 Telcos에서 CLID를 제공하지 않으므로 CLID 기반 차단을 구성하기 전에 Telco에서 확인하십시오.Telco에서 CLID를 제공하지 않으면 라우터로 들어오는 모든 통화가 실패합니다.
HDLC의 또 다른 단점은 라우터가 동적 맵을 설치하지 않는다는 것입니다.따라서 HDLC 피어에 대해 다이얼러 맵을 각 끝에 구성해야 합니다.
참고: 한 쪽만 통화를 하는 경우(예: 한 라우터가 항상 통화를 수락하고 다이얼아웃하지 않음) 수신측의 다이얼러 맵 문에 원격 피어의 이름을 포함시켜야 합니다.그러나 라우터가 피어 이름을 인증하여 다이얼러 맵 이름과 일치하는지 확인할 방법이 없으므로 이름이 위조 이름일 수 있습니다.
예를 들어, 이것은 설명이며 이 ISDN 번호는 8130입니다.
ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252 isdn caller 8129 !--- This is to accept only calls from 8129. dialer map ip 172.16.1.5 name bogus_to_accept_command !--- This is a dialer-map with a fake name. dialer-group 1
이 섹션에는 이 문서에서 설명하는 기능을 구성하기 위한 정보가 표시됩니다.
참고: 이 문서에서 사용되는 명령에 대한 추가 정보를 찾으려면 명령 조회 도구를 사용하십시오.
이 문서에서는 이 다이어그램에 표시된 네트워크 설정을 사용합니다.
고야 |
---|
Current configuration: ! version 11.2 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec ! hostname goya ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 !--- The switch-type used is basic-net3. If you are in the United States, !--- configure the correct switch-type (for example !--- isdn switch-type basic-5ess). In the US, you also need to !--- configure the spids under the Basic Rate Interface (BRI) interface. ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ! interface BRI0 !--- If you are in the US do not forget the SPID !--- (for example isdn spid1 01555.....) description This ISDN number is 8129 ip address 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252 dialer idle-timeout 60 !--- The idle is set to 60 seconds. isdn caller 8130 !--- Verify the incoming number since there is no authentication on HDLC. dialer map ip 172.16.1.6 8130 !--- This side is making the call to 8130. dialer-group 1 ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.6 access-list 105 permit icmp any any !--- This access-list is to debug ICMP only. dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 exec-timeout 0 0 no login ! end |
투사 |
---|
Current configuration: ! version 11.2 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec ! hostname traxbol ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 !--- The switch-type used here is basic-net3. If you are in the United States, !--- configure the correct switch-type (for example !--- isdn switch-type basic-5ess). In the United States, you also need to !--- configure the SPIDs under the BRI interface. ! Interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ! interface BRI0 !--- If you are in the United States, do not forget the SPID !--- (for example isdn spid1 01555.....). description This ISDN number is 8130 ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252 isdn caller 8129 !--- Verify the incoming number since there is no authentication on HDLC. dialer map ip 172.16.1.5 name goya !--- This side will not make any calls, but "name goya" is added to complete the !--- command. This is because a static dialer map is necessary. dialer-group 1 ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.5 access-list 105 permit icmp any any !--- This access-list is to debug ICMP only. dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 exec-timeout 0 0 password ww login ! end |
이 섹션에서는 컨피그레이션이 제대로 작동하는지 확인하는 데 사용할 수 있는 정보를 제공합니다.
일부 show 명령은 출력 인터프리터 툴 에서 지원되는데(등록된 고객만), 이 툴을 사용하면 show 명령 출력의 분석 결과를 볼 수 있습니다.
show interfaces bri number - 숫자만 지정하면 해당 BRI 인터페이스에 대한 D 채널이 표시됩니다.
명령 | 설명 |
---|---|
번호 | 인터페이스 번호입니다.이 값은 라우터에 8포트 BRI NIM이 1개 있는 경우 0~7이고, 라우터에 8포트 BRI NIM이 2개 있는 경우 0~15입니다.인터페이스 번호 값은 사용된 하드웨어 플랫폼에 따라 달라집니다.예를 들어 Cisco 3600 Series 라우터는 최대 48개의 인터페이스를 가질 수 있습니다. |
컨피그레이션에 캡슐화가 정의되지 않았으므로 기본적으로 HDLC입니다.이는 다음과 같이 show interface 명령으로 확인할 수 있습니다.
goya#show interfaces bri 0 BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing) Hardware is BRI Description: This ISDN number is 8129 Internet address is 172.16.1.5/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set !--- HDLC is configured automatically Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 3933 packets input, 20462 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 15 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 3926 packets output, 26100 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 10 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 7 carrier transitions
이 섹션에서는 컨피그레이션 문제를 해결하는 데 사용할 수 있는 정보를 제공합니다.
참고: debug 명령을 실행하기 전에 디버그 명령에 대한 중요 정보를 참조하십시오.
디버그 다이얼러
debug ip packet detail 105 - ICMP만 있는 IP 패킷을 디버깅하는 데 사용됩니다(컨피그레이션의 access-list 105 참조).
debug isdn q931 - ISDN Q.931 이벤트 및 패킷을 확인하는 데 사용됩니다.
debug serial interface - HDLC를 디버깅하는 데 사용됩니다.
두 라우터의 디버그 예는 다음과 같습니다.
Goya의 출력:
goya#debug dialer Dial on demand events debugging is on goya#debug ip packet detail 105 IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 105 goya#debug isdn q931 ISDN Q931 packets debugging is on !--- Verify that the map is correctly configured. goya#show dialer map Static dialer map ip 172.16.1.6 name traxbol (8130) on BRI0 goya#ping? 172.16.1.6 !--- Ping to the remote destination. Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.6, timeout is 2 seconds: *Mar? 1 05:40:07.230: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), len 100, sending !--- The Ping attempts to leave the router. *Mar? 1 05:40:07.234:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.238: BRI0: Dialing cause ip (s=172.16.1.5, d=172.16.1.6) *Mar? 1 05:40:07.238: BRI0: Attempting to dial 8130 !--- The dialer attempts the call. *Mar? 1 05:40:07.242: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, encapsulation failed !--- This is because the HDLC is not ready. !--- Therefore, the encapsulation failed. *Mar? 1 05:40:07.246:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.258: ISDN BR0: TX ->? SETUP pd = 8? callref = 0x37 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.258:???????? Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.262:???????? Channel ID i = 0x83 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.266:???????? Called Party Number i = 0x80, '8130' *Mar? 1 05:40:07.318: ISDN BR0: RX <-? CALL_PROC pd = 8? callref = 0xB7 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.322:???????? Channel ID i = 0x89 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.470: ISDN BR0: RX <-? CONNECT pd = 8? callref = 0xB7 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.486: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up *Mar? 1 05:40:07.514: ISDN BR0: TX ->? CONNECT_ACK pd = 8? callref = 0x37 !--- The call is made. *Mar? 1 05:40:07.!!!! !--- One ping packet was lost because the encapsulation was not ready. Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 52/58/76 ms goya#.518: dialer Protocol up for BR0:1 *Mar? 1 05:40:07.526: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up *Mar? 1 05:40:09.230: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:09.234:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.278: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.278:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.282: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:09.286:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.330: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.334:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.338: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:09.338:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.406: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.410:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.414: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:09.418:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:09.462: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 !--- Other four ping packets are successful. *Mar? 1 05:40:09.466:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 goya# *Mar? 1 05:40:13.674: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8130 traxbol !? !--- View the dialer. ! goya#show dialer BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN Dial String????? Successes?? Failures??? Last called?? Last status 8130?????????????????? 299???????? 10??? 00:00:11?????? successful 0 incoming call(s) have been screened. BRI0:1 - dialer type = ISDN Idle timer (60 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is data link layer up !--- The next two lines tell who triggered the call !--- and the time remaining before disconnect. Dial reason: ip (s=172.16.1.5, d=172.16.1.6) Time until disconnect 50 secs Connected to 8130 (traxbol) BRI0:2 - dialer type = ISDN Idle timer (60 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is idle goya# ! !--- View the HDLC. ! goya#debug serial interface? Serial network interface debugging is on goya#ping 172.16.1.6 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.6, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/93/328 ms goya# *Mar? 1 06:35:03.266: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up *Mar? 1 06:35:03.814: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up *Mar? 1 06:35:04.822: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 0, mineseen 0, yourseen 0, line up? *Mar? 1 06:35:09.846: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8130 traxbol *Mar? 1 06:35:14.826: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 1, mineseen 1*, yourseen 1, line up? *Mar? 1 06:35:24.838: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 2, mineseen 2*, yourseen 2, line up? *Mar? 1 06:35:34.842: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 3, mineseen 3*, yourseen 3, line up? *Mar? 1 06:35:44.846: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 4, mineseen 4*, yourseen 4, line up? *Mar? 1 06:35:54.850: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 5, mineseen 5*, yourseen 5, line up? *Mar? 1 06:36:03.862: %ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: Interface BRI0:1? disconnected from 8130 traxbol, call lasted 60 seconds *Mar? 1 06:36:03.974: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down *Mar? 1 06:36:04.858: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down goya#undebug all All possible debugging has been turned off goya#
트랙의 출력:
traxbol#debug dialer Dial on demand events debugging is on traxbol#debug ip packet detail 105 IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 105 traxbol#debug isdn q931 ISDN Q931 packets debugging is on !--- Verify that the map is correctly configured. traxbol#show dialer map Static dialer map ip 172.16.1.5 name goya (8129) on BRI0 traxbol# !--- A call is received, notice that the calling party !--- matches the ISDN caller configuration. *Mar? 1 05:40:30.898: ISDN BR0: RX <-? SETUP pd = 8? callref = 0x15 *Mar? 1 05:40:30.898:???????? Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 *Mar? 1 05:40:30.902:???????? Channel ID i = 0x89 *Mar? 1 05:40:30.906:???????? Calling Party Number i = 0xA1, '8129' *Mar? 1 05:40:30.906:???????? Called Party Number i = 0xC1, '8130' *Mar? 1 05:40:30.918: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up *Mar? 1 05:40:30.954: ISDN BR0: TX ->? CONNECT pd = 8? callref = 0x95 *Mar? 1 05:40:30.958: dialer Protocol up for BR0:1 *Mar? 1 05:40:31.014: ISDN BR0: RX <-? CONNECT_ACK pd = 8? callref = 0x15 *Mar? 1 05:40:31.018:???????? Channel ID i = 0x89 *Mar? 1 05:40:31.862: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up !--- debug ip packet detail 105 shows the ICMPs on this router. *Mar? 1 05:40:32.794: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.798:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.802: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:32.802:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.850: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.854:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.854: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:32.858:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.926: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.930:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.930: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:32.934:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.982: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.982:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:32.986: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending *Mar? 1 05:40:32.990:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 *Mar? 1 05:40:36.994: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8129 goya ! !--- On the dialer, the call is received. !--- There is no dial reason. However, the idle has been using the !--- default 120 seconds since nothing was configured. !--- The router GOYA closes !--- the call earlier because the idle is set to 60 seconds on that side. ! traxbol#show dialer BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN Dial String????? Successes?? Failures??? Last called?? Last status 8129???????????????????? 0????????? 0??? never?????????????????? - 10 incoming call(s) have been screened. BRI0:1 - dialer type = ISDN Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is data link layer up Time until disconnect 103 secs Connected to 8129 (goya) BRI0:2 - dialer type = ISDN Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is idle traxbol# ! !--- View the HDLC. ! traxbol#debug serial interface Serial network interface debugging is on traxbol# *Mar? 1 06:35:26.674: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up *Mar? 1 06:35:26.698: Ser-Autodetect BR0:1: no autodetect configuration *Mar? 1 06:35:27.534: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up *Mar? 1 06:35:31.554: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 0, mineseen 0*, yourseen 1, line up? *Mar? 1 06:35:33.578: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8129 goya *Mar? 1 06:35:41.598: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 1, mineseen 1*, yourseen 2, line up? *Mar? 1 06:35:51.702: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 2, mineseen 2*, yourseen 3, line up? *Mar? 1 06:36:01.746: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 3, mineseen 3*, yourseen 4, line up? *Mar? 1 06:36:11.790: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 4, mineseen 4*, yourseen 5, line up? *Mar? 1 06:36:21.894: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 5, mineseen 5*, yourseen 6, line up? *Mar? 1 06:36:27.510: %ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: Interface BRI0:1? disconnected from 8129 goya, call lasted 60 seconds *Mar? 1 06:36:27.514: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down *Mar? 1 06:36:27.922: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down traxbol#undebug all All possible debugging has been turned off traxbol#