원격 수신자가 mLDP 트리에 대한 참가를 트리거할 때 5초 지연

소개

이 문서에서는 원격 수신자가 멀티캐스트 그룹에 가입하고 인그레스 PE 라우터가 Cisco IOS® XR를 실행할 때 mLDP(Multipoint Label Distribution Protocol) 트리를 통해 멀티캐스트 트래픽을 전달하는 데 걸리는 5초 지연에 대해 설명합니다.

배경 정보

원격 수신기는 소스의 관점에서 mLDP 백본의 수신기입니다.

Cisco 버그 ID CSCvb50266으로 인해 5초 지연이 의도적으로 도입되었습니다.     기존 MVPN 수신기가 있는 경우 5초 MLDP 전달 지연

이 CDETS는 Cisco 버그 ID CSCtg68851 문제를 해결하기 위해 생성되었습니다. LC 다중 경로의 경우 기본값에서 데이터 MDT로 전환 이 히트리스되지 않음

변경 사항

• 인그레스 PE 라우터가 Cisco 버그 ID CSCtg68851 이후 IOS®-XR 버전을 실행하는 경우 5초 지연이 있습니다.
• 인그레스 PE 라우터가 Cisco 버그 ID CSCvb50266 이후 IOS®-XR 버전을 실행하는 경우 5초 지연은 기본적으로 존재합니다.

원하지 않는 경우, 숨겨진 컨피그레이션 명령으로 멀티캐스트 스트림 전송 속도를 높일 수 있습니다.

  

이제 DDoS 공격의 실제 사례를 살펴보겠습니다.

그림 1에서 테스트 토폴로지를 확인하십시오.

  

CE1은 멀티캐스트 스트림 232.1.1.1의 소스 10.100.1.5입니다.

CE2 및 CE1-B는 멀티캐스트 스트림 232.1.1.1의 수신기입니다.

테스트 1. 로컬 수신기가 없는 원격 수신기 조인

디버그 사용:

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#debug mrib vrf one route
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#debug mfib vrf one ipv4 encap
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show debug


####  debug flags set from tty 'con0_0_CPU0'  ####
ipv4 mfwd encap flag is ON with value '0x1##one'
ipv4 mrib route flag is ON with value 'one#'

인그레스 PE 라우터 PE1에 로컬 수신기가 없습니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#sh mrib vrf one route 232.1.1.1 10.100.1.5
No matching route in MRIB route-DB
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#

원격 수신기 CE1이 온라인 상태가 됩니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.280 : mrib[1149]:   [  6] TID: 0xe0000010 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) Added RPF* EID*, #A=1, #F=1, #MDT_A=0, RPF=10.2.1.5 [Lm F* LMI* TR*] [Gi0/0/0/0 A*], Route Ver = 0x7ca
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.290 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: encap id set  eid: 1 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1)
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.300 : mrib[1149]:   [  6] TID: 0xe0000010 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) Updated RPF EID*, #A=1, #F=1, #MDT_A=0 [Lm F LMI* MA* TR], Route Ver = 0x7cc
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.310 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: ip_mfwd_mrib_pre_process_encapid_update: encapid: 2, te_ole_cnt: 0,lsmid_ole_cnt: 1, gre_ole_cnt: 0 ti_mofrr_ole_cnt: 0 flags: 0x0
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.310 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [2482] Encap entry created (0xa10cb414) for eid 2 (stale N) flags 0x0
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.310 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [3039] RegDB entry 0xa08fd084 for LSMID 0x1d turnaround TRUE(new: Y ifh_changed N) ifhandle: b0
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.310 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [3533] Encap entry for eid 2 (0xa10cb414) proc done
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 10:26:33.310 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: encap id update eid: 2 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1)

인그레스 PE 라우터에서 encap-ID를 설정하는 데 지연이 없습니다.

인그레스 PE 라우터에서 생성된 멀티캐스트 전달 항목입니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show mrib vrf one route 232.1.1.1 10.100.1.5

IP Multicast Routing Information Base
Entry flags: L - Domain-Local Source, E - External Source to the Domain,
    C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, IA - Inherit Accept,
    IF - Inherit From, D - Drop, ME - MDT Encap, EID - Encap ID,
    MD - MDT Decap, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed, MH - MDT interface handle
    CD - Conditional Decap, MPLS - MPLS Decap, EX - Extranet
    MoFE - MoFRR Enabled, MoFS - MoFRR State, MoFP - MoFRR Primary
    MoFB - MoFRR Backup, RPFID - RPF ID Set, X - VXLAN
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
    NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
    II - Internal Interest, ID - Internal Disinterest, LI - Local Interest,
    LD - Local Disinterest, DI - Decapsulation Interface
    EI - Encapsulation Interface, MI - MDT Interface, LVIF - MPLS Encap,
    EX - Extranet, A2 - Secondary Accept, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed,
    MA - Data MDT Assigned, LMI - mLDP MDT Interface, TMI - P2MP-TE MDT Interface
    IRMI - IR MDT Interface

(10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) RPF nbr: 10.2.1.5 Flags: RPF
  Up: 00:02:29
  Incoming Interface List
    GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Flags: A, Up: 00:02:2
  Outgoing Interface List
    Lmdtone Flags: F LMI MA TR, Up: 00:02:29

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show mfib vrf one route 232.1.1.1 10.100.1.5 detail

IP Multicast Forwarding Information Base
Entry flags: C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, D - Drop,
  IA - Inherit Accept, IF - Inherit From, EID - Encap ID,
  ME - MDT Encap, MD - MDT Decap, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed,
  MH - MDT interface handle, CD - Conditional Decap,
  DT - MDT Decap True, EX - Extranet, RPFID - RPF ID Set,
  MoFE - MoFRR Enabled, MoFS - MoFRR State, X - VXLAN
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
  NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
  EG - Egress, EI - Encapsulation Interface, MI - MDT Interface,
  EX - Extranet, A2 - Secondary Accept
Forwarding/Replication Counts: Packets in/Packets out/Bytes out
Failure Counts: RPF / TTL / Empty Olist / Encap RL / Other

(10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1),  Flags:  EID , FMA: 0x10000 ,
  Up: 00:02:48
  Last Used: 00:00:01
  SW Forwarding Counts: 168/168/16800
  SW Replication Counts: 168/0/0
  SW Failure Counts: 0/0/0/0/0
  Route ver: 0x7d0
  MVPN Info :-
    Associated Table ID : 0xe0000000
    MDT Handle: 0x0, MDT Probe:Y [Y], Rate:Y, Acc:Y
    MDT SW Ingress Encap V4/V6, Egress decap: 0 / 0, 0
    Encap ID: 2, RPF ID: 0
    Local Receiver: False, Turnaround: False
  Lmdtone Flags:  F LMI TR, Up:00:02:48
  GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Flags:  A, Up:00:02:48

테스트 2. 로컬 수신자를 사용하여 원격 수신기 조인

인그레스 PE1에 로컬 수신기가 있습니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show mrib vrf one route 232.1.1.1 10.100.1.5

  
IP Multicast Routing Information Base
Entry flags: L - Domain-Local Source, E - External Source to the Domain,
    C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, IA - Inherit Accept,
    IF - Inherit From, D - Drop, ME - MDT Encap, EID - Encap ID,
    MD - MDT Decap, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed, MH - MDT interface handle
    CD - Conditional Decap, MPLS - MPLS Decap, EX - Extranet
    MoFE - MoFRR Enabled, MoFS - MoFRR State, MoFP - MoFRR Primary
    MoFB - MoFRR Backup, RPFID - RPF ID Set, X - VXLAN
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
    NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
    II - Internal Interest, ID - Internal Disinterest, LI - Local Interest,
    LD - Local Disinterest, DI - Decapsulation Interface
    EI - Encapsulation Interface, MI - MDT Interface, LVIF - MPLS Encap,
    EX - Extranet, A2 - Secondary Accept, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed,
    MA - Data MDT Assigned, LMI - mLDP MDT Interface, TMI - P2MP-TE MDT Interface
    IRMI - IR MDT Interface

(10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) RPF nbr: 10.2.1.5 Flags: RPF
  Up: 00:57:15
  Incoming Interface List
    GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Flags: A, Up: 00:57:15
  Outgoing Interface List
    GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Flags: F NS, Up: 00:57:15

디버그 사용:

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#debug mrib vrf one route
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#debug mfib vrf one ipv4 encap

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show debug 

####  debug flags set from tty 'con0_0_CPU0'  ####
ipv4 mfwd encap flag is ON with value '0x1##one'
ipv4 mrib route flag is ON with value 'one#'

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show mfib vrf one route 232.1.1.1 10.100.1.5 detail

IP Multicast Forwarding Information Base
Entry flags: C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, D - Drop,
  IA - Inherit Accept, IF - Inherit From, EID - Encap ID,
  ME - MDT Encap, MD - MDT Decap, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed,
  MH - MDT interface handle, CD - Conditional Decap,
  DT - MDT Decap True, EX - Extranet, RPFID - RPF ID Set,
  MoFE - MoFRR Enabled, MoFS - MoFRR State, X - VXLAN
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
  NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
  EG - Egress, EI - Encapsulation Interface, MI - MDT Interface,
  EX - Extranet, A2 - Secondary Accept
Forwarding/Replication Counts: Packets in/Packets out/Bytes out
Failure Counts: RPF / TTL / Empty Olist / Encap RL / Other

(10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1),  Flags:  , FMA: 0x10001 ,
  Up: 00:59:35
  Last Used: 00:00:01
  SW Forwarding Counts: 3566/3566/356600
  SW Replication Counts: 3566/3566/356600
  SW Failure Counts: 0/0/0/0/0
  Route ver: 0x3410
  MVPN Info :-
    MDT Handle: 0x0, MDT Probe:N [N], Rate:Y, Acc:Y
    MDT SW Ingress Encap V4/V6, Egress decap: 0 / 0, 0
    EG count: 1
    Encap ID: 0, RPF ID: 0
    Local Receiver: True, Turnaround: False
  GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Flags:  A, Up:00:59:35
  GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Flags:  NS EG, Up:00:59:35

아직 원격 수신기가 없기 때문에 encap-ID는 0입니다.

CE2, 원격 수신기가 온라인 상태가 됩니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.390 : mrib[1149]:   [  6] TID: 0xe0000010 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) Updated RPF EID*, #A=1, #F=2, #MDT_A=0 [Lm F* LMI* TR*], Route Ver = 0x3412
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.390 : mrib[1149]:   [ 22] Redistributed
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.390 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: ip_mfwd_mrib_pre_process_encapid_update: encapid: 6, te_ole_cnt: 0,lsmid_ole_cnt: 1, gre_ole_cnt: 0 ti_mofrr_ole_cnt: 0 flags: 0x1
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.390 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [2482] Encap entry created (0xa08fd9d0) for eid 6 (stale N) flags 0x1
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.390 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [3039] RegDB entry 0xa10b5404 for LSMID 0x1 turnaround TRUE(new: N ifh_changed N) ifhandle: b0
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.390 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [3533] Encap entry for eid 6 (0xa08fd9d0) proc done
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.410 : mrib[1149]:   [  6] TID: 0xe0000010 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) Updated RPF EID*, #A=1, #F=2, #MDT_A=0 [Lm F LMI* MA* TR], Route Ver = 0x3414
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.410 : mrib[1149]:   [  6] TID: 0xe0000010 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) Updated RPF EID, #A=1, #F=2, #MDT_A=0 [Lm F LMI* MA TR], Route Ver = 0x3415
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.410 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: ip_mfwd_mrib_pre_process_encapid_update: encapid: 7, te_ole_cnt: 0,lsmid_ole_cnt: 1, gre_ole_cnt: 0 ti_mofrr_ole_cnt: 0 flags: 0x1
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.410 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [2482] Encap entry created (0xa08fd8a8) for eid 7 (stale N) flags 0x1
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.410 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [3039] RegDB entry 0xa08fd824 for LSMID 0x1c turnaround TRUE(new: Y ifh_changed N) ifhandle: b0
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.410 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [3533] Encap entry for eid 7 (0xa08fd8a8) proc done
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.500 : mrib[1149]:   [  6] TID: 0xe0000010 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) Updated RPF EID, #A=1, #F=2, #MDT_A=0 [Lm F LMI* MA TR], Route Ver = 0x3416
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.620 : mrib[1149]:   [ 22] Redistributed
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.620 : mrib[1149]:   [  6] TID: 0xe0000010 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) Updated RPF EID, #A=1, #F=2, #MDT_A=0 [Lm F LMI* MA TR], Route Ver = 0x3417
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.620 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: ip_mfwd_mrib_pre_process_encapid_update: encapid: 7, te_ole_cnt: 0,lsmid_ole_cnt: 1, gre_ole_cnt: 0 ti_mofrr_ole_cnt: 0 flags: 0x1
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.620 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [2482] Encap entry existing (0xa08fd8a8) for eid 7 (stale N) flags 0x1
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:34.620 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: [3533] Encap entry for eid 7 (0xa08fd8a8) proc done
RP/0/0/CPU0:Feb 13 09:13:39.570 : ipv4_mfwd_partner[263]: Encap: encap id set  eid: 7 (10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1)

encap-ID는 encap-ID가 생성되고 MRIB(Multicast Routing Information Base)가 OIL(Outgoing Interface List)의 VRF(Virtual Routing and Forwarding)용 MDT(Labeled MDT) 인터페이스로 업데이트된 후 7초, 5초로 설정됩니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show mrib vrf one route 232.1.1.1 10.100.1.5

IP Multicast Routing Information Base
Entry flags: L - Domain-Local Source, E - External Source to the Domain,
    C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, IA - Inherit Accept,
    IF - Inherit From, D - Drop, ME - MDT Encap, EID - Encap ID,
    MD - MDT Decap, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed, MH - MDT interface handle
    CD - Conditional Decap, MPLS - MPLS Decap, EX - Extranet
    MoFE - MoFRR Enabled, MoFS - MoFRR State, MoFP - MoFRR Primary
    MoFB - MoFRR Backup, RPFID - RPF ID Set, X - VXLAN
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
    NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
    II - Internal Interest, ID - Internal Disinterest, LI - Local Interest,
    LD - Local Disinterest, DI - Decapsulation Interface
    EI - Encapsulation Interface, MI - MDT Interface, LVIF - MPLS Encap,
    EX - Extranet, A2 - Secondary Accept, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed,
    MA - Data MDT Assigned, LMI - mLDP MDT Interface, TMI - P2MP-TE MDT Interface
    IRMI - IR MDT Interface

(10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1) RPF nbr: 10.2.1.5 Flags: RPF
  Up: 01:04:11
  Incoming Interface List
    GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Flags: A, Up: 01:04:11
  Outgoing Interface List
    Lmdtone Flags: F LMI MA TR, Up: 00:03:33
    GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Flags: F NS, Up: 01:04:11

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show mfib vrf one route 232.1.1.1 10.100.1.5 detail

IP Multicast Forwarding Information Base
Entry flags: C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, D - Drop,
  IA - Inherit Accept, IF - Inherit From, EID - Encap ID,
  ME - MDT Encap, MD - MDT Decap, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed,
  MH - MDT interface handle, CD - Conditional Decap,
  DT - MDT Decap True, EX - Extranet, RPFID - RPF ID Set,
  MoFE - MoFRR Enabled, MoFS - MoFRR State, X - VXLAN
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
  NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
  EG - Egress, EI - Encapsulation Interface, MI - MDT Interface,
  EX - Extranet, A2 - Secondary Accept
Forwarding/Replication Counts: Packets in/Packets out/Bytes out
Failure Counts: RPF / TTL / Empty Olist / Encap RL / Other

(10.100.1.5,232.1.1.1),  Flags:  EID , FMA: 0x10001 ,
  Up: 01:04:25
  Last Used: 00:00:00
  SW Forwarding Counts: 3856/3856/385600
  SW Replication Counts: 3856/3856/385600
  SW Failure Counts: 0/0/0/0/0
  Route ver: 0x3417
  MVPN Info :-
    Associated Table ID : 0xe0000000
    MDT Handle: 0x0, MDT Probe:Y [Y], Rate:Y, Acc:Y
    MDT SW Ingress Encap V4/V6, Egress decap: 0 / 0, 0
    EG count: 1
    Encap ID: 7, RPF ID: 0
    Local Receiver: True, Turnaround: False
  Lmdtone Flags:  F LMI TR, Up:00:03:47
  GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Flags:  A, Up:01:04:25
  GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Flags:  NS EG, Up:01:04:25

따라서 원격 수신기는 이 멀티캐스트 스트림을 수신하는 데 추가로 5초의 지연이 발생합니다.

참고: LMDT 인터페이스가 MRIB에 즉시 추가되었고 LMDT 인터페이스도 F 플래그와 함께 MFIB에 즉시 추가되었지만 캡슐화 ID가 설정되지 않았습니다.

MFIB의 캡슐화 ID가 5초 지연 후에 설정되었습니다.

Cisco 버그 ID CSCvb50266 이후 , 지연 시간은 원격 수신자가 조인할 때 encap-ID를 프로그래밍하는 데 5초입니다. 이것이 새로운 기본 동작입니다.

동작을 확인하기 위해 show pim vrf <> 컨텍스트를 실행합니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show pim vrf one context

PIM context information for VRF one (0x12b70184)

VRF ID: 0x60000001
Table ID: 0xe0000010
Remote Table ID: 0xe0800010
MDT Default Group : 0.0.0.0
MDT Source : (10.100.1.1, Loopback0) Per-VRF
MDT Immediate Switch Not Configured
MDT handle: 0x0(Null)
Context Active, ITAL Active
Routing Enabled
Registered with MRIB
Not owner of MDT Interface
Raw socket req: T, act: T, LPTS filter req: T, act: T
UDP socket req: T, act: T, UDP vbind req: T, act: T
Reg Inj socket req: T, act: T, Reg Inj LPTS filter req: T, act: T
Mhost Default Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 (publish pending: F)
Remote MDT Default Group : 0.0.0.0
Backup MLC virtual interface: Null
Neighbor-filter: -
MDT Neighbor-filter: -

5초의 지연을 제거하려면 이 숨겨진 명령 mdt immediate-switch를 실행합니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#conf t
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1(config)#multicast-routing vrf one
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one)#address-family ipv4
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one-ipv4)#mdt immediate-switch
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one-ipv4)#commit

참고: 7.4.1부터 명령은 더 이상 숨겨지지 않습니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show pim vrf one context

PIM context information for VRF one (0x12b70184)

VRF ID: 0x60000001
Table ID: 0xe0000010
Remote Table ID: 0xe0800010
MDT Default Group : 0.0.0.0
MDT Source : (10.100.1.1, Loopback0) Per-VRF
MDT Immediate Switch Configured
MDT handle: 0x0(Null)
Context Active, ITAL Active
Routing Enabled
Registered with MRIB
Not owner of MDT Interface
Raw socket req: T, act: T, LPTS filter req: T, act: T
UDP socket req: T, act: T, UDP vbind req: T, act: T
Reg Inj socket req: T, act: T, Reg Inj LPTS filter req: T, act: T
Mhost Default Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 (publish pending: F)
Remote MDT Default Group : 0.0.0.0
Backup MLC virtual interface: Null
Neighbor-filter: -
MDT Neighbor-filter: -

이 명령은 실행 중인 컨피그레이션에 표시되지 않습니다.

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1#show running-config multicast-routing vrf one

multicast-routing
 vrf one
  address-family ipv4
   interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
    enable
   !
   interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2
    enable
   !
   mdt source Loopback0
   rate-per-route
   accounting per-prefix
   bgp auto-discovery mldp
   !
   mdt partitioned mldp ipv4 p2mp
   mdt data mldp 100 immediate-switch
  !

immediate-switch 키워드를 사용하여 mdt immediate-switch 및 mdt data 명령을 모두 구성하는 것은 지원되지 않습니다.
다음은 이러한 컨피그레이션의 예입니다.

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#conf t
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1(config)#multicast-routing
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast)#vrf one
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one)#address-family ipv4
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one-ipv4)#mdt data mldp 100 immediate-switch
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one-ipv4)#mdt immediate-switch
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one-ipv4)#commit
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1(config-mcast-one-ipv4)#end
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:PE1#