본 제품에 대한 문서 세트는 편견 없는 언어를 사용하기 위해 노력합니다. 본 설명서 세트의 목적상, 편견 없는 언어는 나이, 장애, 성별, 인종 정체성, 민족 정체성, 성적 지향성, 사회 경제적 지위 및 교차성에 기초한 차별을 의미하지 않는 언어로 정의됩니다. 제품 소프트웨어의 사용자 인터페이스에서 하드코딩된 언어, RFP 설명서에 기초한 언어 또는 참조된 서드파티 제품에서 사용하는 언어로 인해 설명서에 예외가 있을 수 있습니다. 시스코에서 어떤 방식으로 포용적인 언어를 사용하고 있는지 자세히 알아보세요.
Cisco는 전 세계 사용자에게 다양한 언어로 지원 콘텐츠를 제공하기 위해 기계 번역 기술과 수작업 번역을 병행하여 이 문서를 번역했습니다. 아무리 품질이 높은 기계 번역이라도 전문 번역가의 번역 결과물만큼 정확하지는 않습니다. Cisco Systems, Inc.는 이 같은 번역에 대해 어떠한 책임도 지지 않으며 항상 원본 영문 문서(링크 제공됨)를 참조할 것을 권장합니다.
이 문서에서는 Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager GUI의 QoS(Quality of Service) 클래스 기본 동작에 대해 설명합니다.
다음 주제에 대한 지식을 보유하고 있으면 유용합니다.
이 문서의 정보는 다음을 기반으로 합니다.
이 문서의 정보는 특정 랩 환경의 디바이스를 토대로 작성되었습니다. 이 문서에 사용된 모든 디바이스는 초기화된(기본) 컨피그레이션으로 시작되었습니다. 현재 네트워크가 작동 중인 경우 모든 명령의 잠재적인 영향을 미리 숙지하시기 바랍니다.
QoS는 혼잡으로 인해 패킷을 삭제해야 할 때 다른 트래픽보다 특정 트래픽 흐름에 우선권을 부여하는 메커니즘입니다. 모든 트래픽 흐름이 비즈니스에 동일한 것은 아닙니다.
모든 트래픽 흐름이 비즈니스에 동일하게 중요하지 않기 때문에 QoS는 트래픽의 우선 순위를 지정하는 데 필요합니다.
QoS는 다음을 기반으로 QoS(Quality-Of-Service) 목표를 달성하는 기능입니다.
참고: SD-WAN 라우터에는 고유한 서비스 및 전송 VRF가 있으며 분류 프로세스는 서비스 측에서 발생하며 전송 측으로 지정됩니다.
예를 들면 다음과 같습니다. 포워딩 클래스: CS6는 대기열 1, 포워딩 클래스에 매핑됩니다. AF4X는 대기열 3 등에 매핑됩니다.
policy access-list QoS-Classification
sequence 11 match dscp 48 <--- Match the traffic with dscp 48 to CS6 action accept class CS6 <--- Classify this traffic to CS6
sequence 21 match dscp 26 <--- Match the traffic with dscp 26 action accept class AF31 <--- Classify this traffic to AF31
!---Output is supressed
class-map
class AF21 queue 5<--- Assign the Forwarding Class to Queue 5
class AF31 queue 4 <--- Assign the Forwarding Class to Queue 4
class AF41 queue 3 <--- Assign the Forwarding Class to Queue 3
class CS6 queue 1 <--- Assign the Forwarding Class to Queue 1
class AF43 queue 2 <--- Assign the Forwarding Class to Queue 2
class Queue0 queue 0
참고: QoS가 활성화되지 않은 경우 Cisco IOS® XE 라우터는 Queue2를 기본 대기열로 사용하며 모든 트래픽을 동일하게 처리합니다. SD-WAN 환경에서는 Queue0이 제어 트래픽에 사용됩니다.
참고: RED(Random Early Detection)는 큐가 완전히 가득 차기 전에 패킷을 삭제하여 TCP 처리량을 관리하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 이 초기 패킷 삭제는 TCP 발신자에게 신호를 보내 혼잡 윈도우 크기를 사전에 줄여 사용 가능한 대역폭과 더 잘 일치하도록 트래픽을 효과적으로 제한합니다.
class-default는 자동으로 생성되며, 어떤 class-map과도 일치하지 않는 트래픽도 best effort 전달을 위해 class-default에 자동으로 할당됩니다. 그러나 다른 작업을 할당할 수 있습니다.
QoS가 구성되고 QoS 현지화 정책에 클래스가 명시적으로 정의되지 않은 경우 class-default가 자동으로 생성되므로 큐 2가 자동으로 할당됩니다. 따라서 정의되지 않은 전달 클래스 class-default에 대한 통계는 관리자 GUI에 표시되지 않습니다.
Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager는 class class-default에 대한 통계를 수집하지 않으므로 이전에 정의한 어떤 클래스 맵에서도 일치하지 않는 트래픽을 표시하고 분류하려면 별도의 클래스를 생성해야 합니다.
QoS 현지화된 정책 예:
policy access-list QoS-Classification sequence 1 action accept class Default <--- Classify the traffic to Forwarding Class Default (match any dscp that is not assigned to other class) sequence 11 match dscp 48 action accept class CS6
sequence 21 match dscp 26 action accept class AF31 default-action accept qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_0 class Queue0 bandwidth-percent 42 buffer-percent 42 scheduling llq drops tail-drop burst 15000 qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_1 class Queue1 bandwidth-percent 16 buffer-percent 16 scheduling wrr drops tail-drop qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_3 class Queue3 bandwidth-percent 11 buffer-percent 11 scheduling wrr drops red-drop qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_4 class Queue4 bandwidth-percent 9 buffer-percent 9 scheduling wrr drops red-drop qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_5 class Queue5 bandwidth-percent 6 buffer-percent 6 scheduling wrr drops red-drop qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_2 class Queue2 bandwidth-percent 16 buffer-percent 16 scheduling wrr drops tail-drop qos-map QOS-MAP-V01 qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_0 qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_1 qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_3 qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_4 qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_5 qos-scheduler QOS-MAP-V01_2 class-map class AF2x queue 5 class AF3x queue 4 class AF4x queue 3 class DEFAULT queue 2 <--- Assign the Forwarding Class Default to Queue 2 class CS6 queue 1 class Queue0 queue 0 class Queue1 queue 1 class Queue2 queue 2 class Queue3 queue 3 class Queue4 queue 4 class Queue5 queue 5
Cisco Edge 라우터 CLI에서:
이 예에서는 DSCP 8이 사용되며 어떤 포워딩 클래스에서도 분류되지 않습니다.
Router#ping vrf 4001 10.19.253.1 dscp 8 repeat 4000
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 4000, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.19.253.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (4000/4000), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms
명령을 사용하여 클래스 맵 컨피그레이션show policy-map interface
을 검증할 수 있습니다.
Router#show policy-map interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Service-policy output: QOS-MAP-V01
queue stats for all priority classes:
Queueing
priority level 1
queue limit 512 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 2355461/1168305717
Class-map: Queue0 (match-any)
2355461 packets, 1168305717 bytes
30 second offered rate 8000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: qos-group 0
police:
rate 42 %
rate 420000000 bps, burst 13125000 bytes
conformed 2355461 packets, 1168305717 bytes; actions:
transmit
exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
drop
conformed 8000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps
Priority: Strict, b/w exceed drops: 0
Priority Level: 1
Class-map: Queue1 (match-any)
0 packets, 0 bytes
30 second offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: qos-group 1
Queueing
queue limit 1250 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 0/0
bandwidth remaining ratio 16
Class-map: Queue3 (match-any)
0 packets, 0 bytes
30 second offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: qos-group 3
Queueing
queue limit 1250 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 0/0
bandwidth remaining ratio 11
Exp-weight-constant: 9 (1/512)
Mean queue depth: 0 packets
class Transmitted Random drop Tail drop Minimum Maximum Mark
pkts/bytes pkts/bytes pkts/bytes thresh thresh prob
0 0/0 0/0 0/0 312 625 1/10
1 0/0 0/0 0/0 351 625 1/10
2 0/0 0/0 0/0 390 625 1/10
3 0/0 0/0 0/0 429 625 1/10
4 0/0 0/0 0/0 468 625 1/10
5 0/0 0/0 0/0 507 625 1/10
6 0/0 0/0 0/0 546 625 1/10
7 0/0 0/0 0/0 585 625 1/10
Class-map: Queue4 (match-any)
0 packets, 0 bytes
30 second offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: qos-group 4
Queueing
queue limit 1250 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 0/0
bandwidth remaining ratio 9
Exp-weight-constant: 9 (1/512)
Mean queue depth: 0 packets
class Transmitted Random drop Tail drop Minimum Maximum Mark
pkts/bytes pkts/bytes pkts/bytes thresh thresh prob
0 0/0 0/0 0/0 312 625 1/10
1 0/0 0/0 0/0 351 625 1/10
2 0/0 0/0 0/0 390 625 1/10
3 0/0 0/0 0/0 429 625 1/10
4 0/0 0/0 0/0 468 625 1/10
5 0/0 0/0 0/0 507 625 1/10
6 0/0 0/0 0/0 546 625 1/10
7 0/0 0/0 0/0 585 625 1/10
Class-map: Queue5 (match-any)
0 packets, 0 bytes
30 second offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: qos-group 5
Queueing
queue limit 1250 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 0/0
bandwidth remaining ratio 6
Exp-weight-constant: 9 (1/512)
Mean queue depth: 0 packets
class Transmitted Random drop Tail drop Minimum Maximum Mark
pkts/bytes pkts/bytes pkts/bytes thresh thresh prob
0 0/0 0/0 0/0 312 625 1/10
1 0/0 0/0 0/0 351 625 1/10
2 0/0 0/0 0/0 390 625 1/10
3 0/0 0/0 0/0 429 625 1/10
4 0/0 0/0 0/0 468 625 1/10
5 0/0 0/0 0/0 507 625 1/10
6 0/0 0/0 0/0 546 625 1/10
7 0/0 0/0 0/0 585 625 1/10
Class-map: class-default (match-any) <<<< Created by default, not defined in the policy
131264 packets, 15640913 bytes
30 second offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 1250 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 120019/11394812
bandwidth remaining ratio 16
Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager GUI에서 Queue2에서 일치하는 트래픽은 그래프에 표시되지만 class-default 클래스로는 표시되지 않습니다.
Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager의 QoS 모니터 그래프
패킷의 QoS 큐를 식별하려면 FIA 추적을 통해 유효성을 검사할 수 있습니다.
QoS 분류가 활성화된 LAN 인터페이스(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)에서 FIA 추적 조건을 구성합니다.
clear platform condition all
debug platform packet-trace packet 2048 fia-trace data-size 2048
debug platform condition interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 both
명령을 실행하여 debug platform condition start
FIA 추적을 시작합니다.
명령을 실행하여 debug platform condition stop
FIA 추적을 중지합니다.
명령을 실행하여 show platform packet-trace summary
FIA 추적 패킷을 표시합니다.
Router2#show platform packet-trace packet 0 decode
Packet: 0 CBUG ID: 5952
Summary
Input : INJ.2
Output : GigabitEthernet0/0/0
State : FWD
Timestamp
Start : 1032236067625063 ns (09/14/2024 21:33:39.652978 UTC)
Stop : 1032236067714747 ns (09/14/2024 21:33:39.653068 UTC)
Path Trace
Feature: IPV4(Input)
Input : internal0/0/rp:0
Output : <unknown>
Source : 192.168.1.2
Destination : 172.19.253.2
Protocol : 1 (ICMP)
Feature: SDWAN Internal Intf
VRF ID : 9
Encap Type : unknown
IP DSCP : 8
IP Version : 4
IP Protocol : 1
Dst Port : 0
Is Marked High Priority : NO
Is SDWAN Control Tunnel Traffic : NO
Set HIGH_QUEUE : NO (NOT marked high priority, NOT SD-WAN control tunnel traffic)
Skip SDWAN Policy : FALSE
Feature: SDWAN QoS Output
Fwd Class ID : 0
QoS Queue : 2 <<<<<<< Packet assigned to Queue2 (Output in Egress Transport interface)
DSCP Rewrite : No
CoS Rewrite : No
EXP Rewrite : No
Rewrite Rule : n/a
Feature: QOS
Direction : Egress
Action : FWD
Pak Priority : FALSE
Priority : FALSE
Queue ID : 127 (0x7f)
PAL Queue ID : 1073741826 (0x40000002)
Queue Limit : 1250
WRED enabled : FALSE
Inst Queue len : 0
Avg Queue len : n/a
Policy name : QOS-MAP-V01
Class name : class-default <<<< Created by default (not defined in the policy)
개정 | 게시 날짜 | 의견 |
---|---|---|
1.0 |
16-Jan-2025 |
최초 릴리스 |