이 문서에서는 Multilink PPP over ATM 및 Frame Relay Interworking(MLPoATM/MLPoFR을 사용하는 VoIP)을 사용하는 Voice over IP의 샘플 컨피그레이션을 제공합니다. 컨피그레이션 예제의 핵심은 ATM/Frame Relay 인터워킹 WAN에서 음성을 올바르게 지원하기 위해 QoS(Quality of Service)를 제공하는 것입니다.컨피그레이션 예제는 Cisco IOS® Software Release 12.2(2)T 이후 ATM에서 지원되는 압축된 Real Time Protocol(cRTP)을 사용합니다.
이 문서는 네트워크 구축에 사용하기 위해 구성 지침, 구성 예 및 확인 명령을 위해 독립형으로 읽을 수 있습니다.ATM/Frame Relay 상호 작용과 관련된 특정 문제에 대한 배경 정보도 제공됩니다.VoIP over Frame Relay 또는 PPP용 QoS에 대한 자세한 내용은 다음 문서를 참조하십시오.
QoS(Quality of Service)를 통한 VoIP 링크(LLQ/IP RTP 우선순위, LFI, cRTP)
QoS를 사용한 VoIP over Frame Relay(조각화, 트래픽 셰이핑, LLQ/IP RTP 우선순위)
이 구성을 시도하기 전에 다음 요구 사항을 충족해야 합니다.
다음 기술 영역에 대해 잘 알고 있어야 합니다.
액세스 제어 목록
ATM 영구 가상 회로(PVC)
프레임 릴레이 영구 가상 회로(DLCI(data-link connection identifier))
대역폭 관리
LLQ
LFI
가상 템플릿 및 가상 액세스 인터페이스
MLPPP
cRTP
이 문서의 정보는 다음 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어 버전을 기반으로 합니다.
Cisco 3640을 ATM 라우터로 사용
Cisco 2620을 Frame Relay 라우터로 사용
Cisco IOS Software 릴리스 12.2(8)T(IP Plus)
참고: 일반적인 지침으로서, 최신 Cisco IOS 12.2 메인라인 유지 관리 릴리스는 MLPoATM/FR에 사용할 수 있는 권장 Cisco IOS 소프트웨어 릴리스입니다.cRTP를 사용하는 경우 ATM 라우터에서 Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2T가 필요합니다.
다음 Cisco IOS 소프트웨어 릴리스에서 관련 기능이 도입되었습니다.
LFI는 Cisco IOS Software 릴리스 11.3에서 도입되었습니다.
LLQ는 Cisco IOS Software 릴리스 12.0(7)T에 도입되었습니다.
Cisco IOS Software Release 12.1(2)T에서 LLQ over Frame Relay 및 PVC당 ATM이 도입되었습니다.
Multilink PPP LFI for Frame Relay and ATM Virtual Circuits는 Cisco IOS Software Release 12.1(5)T에 도입되었습니다.
cRTP over ATM은 Cisco IOS Software 릴리스 12.2(2)T에 도입되었습니다.
이 문서의 정보는 특정 랩 환경의 디바이스를 토대로 작성되었습니다.이 문서에 사용된 모든 디바이스는 초기화된(기본) 컨피그레이션으로 시작되었습니다.현재 네트워크가 작동 중인 경우, 모든 명령어의 잠재적인 영향을 미리 숙지하시기 바랍니다.
문서 규칙에 대한 자세한 내용은 Cisco 기술 팁 표기 규칙을 참고하십시오.
ATM/Frame Relay 인터워킹 네트워크 전체에서 VoIP에 대해 최소화된 엔드 투 엔드 지연 및 지터 회피 기능을 제공하는 주요 문제는 다음과 같습니다.
음성 트래픽의 엄격한 우선순위(LLQ(Low Latency Queuing))
LFI(Link Fragmentation and Interleaving)
음성을 위한 FRTS(Frame Relay Traffic Shaping)
ATM 트래픽 셰이핑
이러한 문서는 추가 배경 정보의 유용한 소스를 제공합니다.
이 섹션에는 이 문서에서 설명하는 기능을 구성하기 위한 정보가 표시됩니다.
참고: 이 문서에 사용된 명령에 대한 자세한 내용을 보려면 명령 조회 도구(등록된 고객만 해당)를 사용하십시오.
이 문서에서는 다음 네트워크 설정을 사용합니다.
이 문서에서는 다음 구성을 사용합니다.
참고: 이 컨피그레이션에서는 두 라우터가 Frame Relay를 통해 ATM Interworking 스위치로 다시 연결됩니다.그러나 대부분의 토폴로지에서는 음성 지원 라우터가 어디에나 존재할 수 있습니다.일반적으로 음성 라우터는 ATM/프레임 WAN에 연결된 다른 라우터에 LAN 연결을 사용합니다.이러한 경우 WAN, Frame Relay 및 ATM에 연결된 라우터는 LLQ, LFI 및 MLPPP에 대해 구성해야 이러한 컨피그레이션에 표시된 음성 게이트웨이가 아닌 QoS를 제공할 수 있습니다.
프레임 릴레이 연결 라우터 |
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!--- Note: This configuration is commented and numbered !--- in the order that commands should be entered. version 12.2 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname FR ! enable password cisco ! username ATM password 0 cisco voice-card 0 dspfarm ! ip subnet-zero ! ! ! ! !--- access-list 105 permit ip any any dscp ef specifies !--- that all traffic with Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) !--- are set to 40 falls into this access-list. !--- This class-map command defines a class of traffic called "voice". access-list 105 permit ip any any dscp ef access-list 105 permit udp any any range 16384 32767 access-list 105 permit ip any any precedence critical ! class-map match-all voice match access-group 105 ! ! ! !--- This policy-map command defines a policy for LLQ called "VoIP" and !--- maps the "voice" class to the "VOIP" policy. !--- "priority" defines the amount of bandwidth reserved for the priority queue. !--- "class-default" specifies that the default class is also mapped to this policy. !--- "fair-queue" specifies that all other traffic is served in the WFQ. policy-map VOIP class voice priority 48 class class-default fair-queue !--- Note: Although it is possible to queue various types of !--- real-time traffic to the priority queue, !--- Cisco recommends that you direct only voice traffic !--- to it. Real-time traffic such as video or voice !--- could introduce variations in delay. Please note voice and !--- video should not be combined in the same PVC. !--- (the priority queue is a First In First Out (FIFO) !--- queue). Voice traffic requires that delay be !--- nonvariable in order to avoid jitter. !--- Note: The sum of the values for priority and !--- bandwidth statements needs to be less !--- than or equal to 75% of the link bandwidth. !--- Otherwise service-policy cannot be !--- assigned to the link. When configuring VoIP over a !--- 64 Kbps link to support two !--- voice calls, it is common to allocate more than 75% !--- (48 Kbps) of the link bandwidth to !--- the priority queue. In such cases, you can use the !--- max-reserved-bandwidth <#%> command in order to raise !--- available bandwidth to a value more than 75%. ! ! ! fax interface-type fax-mail mta receive maximum-recipients 0 ! interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.17.111.16 255.255.255.224 duplex auto speed auto ! interface Serial0/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay IETF no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache frame-relay traffic-shaping ! !--- Choose the frame relay interface to be !--- associated with the virtual interface. The !--- virtual template could equally have been associated !--- with the physical interface. !--- The "class mlp" associates the virtual template interface !--- defined in "interface Virtual-Template1" with a Frame Relay DLCI. !--- Associates a Frame Relay map class with a DLCI. interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache frame-relay interface-dlci 16 ppp Virtual-Template1 class mlp !--- The interface command creates a virtual !--- template called Virtual-Template1. !--- A bandwidth of 64 Kbps is assigned to this !--- template interface. This bandwidth is used !--- by Cisco IOS to calculate the data fragment size as noted regarding !--- interleaving of PPP segments. !--- "ip rtp header-compression"—cRTP is supported in an ATM/Frame Relay Interworking !--- environment. It requires Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2(2)T on the !--- ATM router. !--- "service-policy output VOIP"—The VoIP policy created earlier is assigned !--- to this interface in the outbound direction. !--- PPP multilink is enabled and the !--- maximum delay per segment is specified. This bandwidth is !--- used by Cisco IOS to calculate the data fragement size as noted. !--- Interleaving of PPP segments is enabled, which allows !--- voice packets to be expedited. Voice !--- packets need only wait behind a single segment of !--- a previously queued data packet (for example, 10 ms !--- delay) rather than wait until the end of the !--- entire data packet. Cisco IOS calculates the !--- data fragment size using the following formula: !--- fragment size = delay x bandwidth/8 ! interface Virtual-Template1 bandwidth 64 ip unnumbered loopback0 ip rtp header-compression no ip route-cache load-interval 30 max-reserved-bandwidth 99 service-policy output VOIP ppp multilink ppp multilink fragment-delay 10 ppp multilink interleave ! ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.111.1 no ip http server ip pim bidir-enable ! ! ! !--- A map class called mlp is created. !--- With "no frame-relay adaptive-shaping", adaptive !--- shaping is disabled. You do not !--- want to exceed CIR and have voice packets !--- possibly queued within the Frame Relay network. !--- Waiting for a BECN to resolve this !--- situation could result in poor voice quality. !--- The frame-relay cir 64000 command forces the router to transmit !--- at the desired CIR rate rather than line !--- rate for the port. !--- "frame-relay bc 640" configures the Bc value to force the desired !--- Tc (shaping interval) value is 10 ms. !--- This formula should be used to determine !--- the Bc value to use: Tc = Bc/CIR. A !--- smaller Tc value reduces the interval a voice !--- packet has to wait to be sent. !--- As in "frame-relay be 0", the Be value should be set to zero !--- in order to avoid voice being sent as part of a burst !--- that is not guaranteed by the Frame Relay network. map-class frame-relay mlp no frame-relay adaptive-shaping frame-relay cir 64000 frame-relay bc 640 frame-relay be 0 ! call rsvp-sync ! voice-port 1/0/0 ! voice-port 1/0/1 ! ! mgcp profile default ! dial-peer cor custom ! ! ! dial-peer voice 123 voip destination-pattern 123 session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 ip qos dscp cs5 media ip qos dscp cs5 signaling no vad ! dial-peer voice 456 pots destination-pattern 456 port 1/0/0 ! ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 exec-timeout 0 0 password cisco login ! ! end |
ATM 연결 라우터 |
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!--- Note: This configuration is commented only !--- where additional consideration is required from the !--- above configuration of the Frame Relay router. version 12.2 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname ATM ! enable password cisco ! username FR password 0 cisco memory-size iomem 25 ip subnet-zero ! ! ! access-list 105 permit ip any any dscp ef access-list 105 permit udp any any range 16384 32767 access-list 105 permit ip any any precedence critical ! class-map match-all voice match access-group 105 ! ! !--- Note: Matching commands to the Frame Relay !--- router side of the network. ! ! policy-map VOIP class voice priority 48 class class-default fair-queue !--- Note: Matching commands to the Frame Relay !--- router side of the network. ! ! fax interface-type fax-mail mta receive maximum-recipients 0 ! controller T1 2/0 framing sf linecode ami ! ! ! ! interface ATM0/0 no ip address ip route-cache no atm ilmi-keepalive ! !--- "interface ATM0/0.1 point-to-point" chooses the ATM subinterface. !--- The physical interface could equally have been used. !--- "pvc 10/100" creates an ATM PVC. !--- "cbr 64"—A VBR PVC has been defined on this example. !--- This exapmle uses VBR non-realtime and the sustained !--- cell rate (SCR) should be equal to the peak !--- cell rate (PCR) in order to avoid bursting. !--- ATM cell tax and the possibility !--- of ATM bandwidth expansion due to poor !--- fragment/cell alignment, means that it !--- cannot be assumed that the PCR/SCR on the ATM !--- side should equal the CIR of the Frame Relay side. !--- Maintain the value of CIR on the Frame-Relay side to define !--- our SCR, in this case, 64 kbps. This value may in some networks !--- require some fine-tuning as the CIR on the Frame side does not !--- exactly match the SCR on the ATM but makes for a good-enough estimation !--- for most purposes. !--- Refer to Designing and Deploying !--- Multilink PPP over Frame Relay and ATM !--- for more information. !--- "encapsulation aal5snap" is required. !--- "protocol ppp Virtual-Template1" associates the virtual !--- template with the ATM PVC. interface ATM0/0.1 point-to-point ip route-cache pvc 10/100 cbr 64 encapsulation aal5snap protocol ppp Virtual-Template1 ! ! interface loopback0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet3/0 ip address 172.17.111.15 255.255.255.224 half-duplex ! interface Ethernet3/1 no ip address shutdown half-duplex ! interface Virtual-Template1 bandwidth 64 ip unnumbered loopback0 ip rtp header-compression no ip route-cache load-interval 30 max-reserved-bandwidth 99 service-policy output VOIP ppp multilink ppp multilink fragment-delay 10 ppp multilink interleave !--- Note: The virtual template is created in !--- exactly the same way as for the !--- Frame Relay router side of the network. !--- An additional consideration for !--- the ATM router is that the fragment size !--- should be optimized to fit into !--- an integral number of ATM cells. !--- Refer to Designing and Deploying !--- Multilink PPP over Frame Relay and ATM !--- for more information on this issue. ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.111.1 ip http server ip pim bidir-enable ! ! call rsvp-sync ! voice-port 1/0/0 description FXS ! voice-port 1/0/1 ! voice-port 1/1/0 description FXO ! voice-port 1/1/1 ! ! mgcp profile default ! dial-peer cor custom ! ! ! dial-peer voice 456 voip destination-pattern 456 session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 ip qos dscp cs5 media ip qos dscp cs5 signaling no vad ! dial-peer voice 123 pots destination-pattern 123 port 1/1/0 ! ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 exec-timeout 0 0 password cisco login ! ! end |
이 섹션을 사용하여 컨피그레이션이 제대로 작동하는지 확인합니다.
Output Interpreter 도구(등록된 고객만 해당)(OIT)는 특정 show 명령을 지원합니다.OIT를 사용하여 show 명령 출력의 분석을 봅니다.
이러한 show 명령은 DLCI 및 PVC 통계, 물리적 및 가상 인터페이스 상태, 정책(QoS) 애플리케이션 및 cRTP 정보를 포함하는 ATM/프레임 릴레이 인터워킹 환경의 작동 상태를 확인하는 데 유용합니다.
show ppp multilink interface interface-name - 번들이 작동/작동 중지되었는지, 어떤 가상 액세스 인터페이스가 번들(MLPPP 번들)인지, 어떤 인터페이스가 멤버인지(PPP 링크)를 확인합니다. 이 명령은 또한 캐리어가 셀/프레임(손실된 조각 <> 0)을 삭제하는지 확인합니다. 허용되는 프래그먼트 손실은 CRC(cyclic redundancy check) 오류로 인한 것입니다.
show user —가상 액세스 인터페이스와 연결된 번호를 표시합니다.이 명령 또는 show ppp multilink 명령의 정보를 사용하여 인터페이스에 대한 통계를 표시하거나 인터페이스를 지울 수 있습니다.
show frame-relay pvc dlci - 트래픽 셰이핑 매개변수, 조각화 값, 삭제된 패킷 등의 정보를 표시합니다.이 명령은 또한 물리적 인터페이스가 가상 인터페이스에 바인딩되었는지 여부를 표시합니다.
show atm pvc pvc - 모든 활성 ATM PVC 및 트래픽 정보를 표시합니다.
show policy-map interface interface-name - PQ에 있는 모든 LLQ 작업과 모든 삭제를 표시합니다.이 명령의 다양한 필드에 대한 자세한 내용은 show policy-map interface 명령 출력의 Understanding Packet Counters를 참조하십시오.
참고: 가상 큐잉은 항상 virtual-access2 인터페이스에 적용됩니다.다른 인터페이스는 FIFO 대기열을 사용합니다.
show ip rtp header-compression —구성된 경우 RTP 헤더 압축 통계를 표시합니다.통계는 번들 인터페이스인 virtual-access2 인터페이스에 연결됩니다.
이러한 명령의 예는 다음과 같습니다.
FR#show ppp multilink interface virtual-access 2 Virtual-Access2, bundle name is ATM Bundle up for 00:22:42 0 lost fragments, 0 reordered, 0 unassigned 0 discarded, 0 lost received, 231/255 load 0x2E5 received sequence, 0x10C31 sent sequence Member links: 1 (max not set, min not set) Virtual-Access1, since 00:22:42, last rcvd seq 0002E4 160 weight
이 출력은 프레임 릴레이 라우터의 사용자를 보여줍니다.
FR#show users Line User Host(s) Idle Location 67 vty 1 idle 00:00:00 10.1.1.1 Interface User Mode Idle Peer Address Vi1 Virtual PPP (FR ) - Vi2 Virtual PPP (Bundle) 00:00:00 10.1.1.1 FR#
이 출력은 ATM 라우터의 show users를 보여줍니다.
ATM#show users Line User Host(s) Idle Location 131 vty 1 idle 00:00:00 64.104.207.95 Interface User Mode Idle Peer Address Vi1 Virtual PPP (ATM ) - Vi2 Virtual PPP (Bundle) 00:00:02 10.1.1.2 ATM#
이 출력은 show frame-relay pvc 명령을 표시합니다.
FR#show frame-relay pvc 16 PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE) DLCI = 16, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0.1 input pkts 2301 output pkts 2295 in bytes 152266 out bytes 151891 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0 5 minute input rate 9000 bits/sec, 9 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 9000 bits/sec, 9 packets/sec pvc create time 23:46:56, last time pvc status changed 00:22:56 Bound to Virtual-Access1 (up, cloned from Virtual-Template1) !--- PPP link interface. cir 64000 bc 640 be 0 byte limit 80 interval 10 mincir 64000 byte increment 80 Adaptive Shaping none pkts 2296 bytes 152053 pkts delayed 9 bytes delayed 375 shaping active traffic shaping drops 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drop, 0 dequeued FR#
이 출력은 ATM 라우터의 show atm pvc 10/100 명령을 보여줍니다.
ATM#show atm pvc 10/100 ATM0/0.1: VCD: 1, VPI: 10, VCI: 100 CBR, SusRate: 128 AAL5-LLC/SNAP, etype:0x0, Flags: 0x820, VCmode: 0x0 OAM frequency: 0 second(s), OAM retry frequency: 1 second(s) OAM up retry count: 3, OAM down retry count: 5 OAM Loopback status: OAM Disabled OAM VC state: Not Managed ILMI VC state: Not Managed InARP frequency: 15 minutes(s) Transmit priority 1 InPkts: 729, OutPkts: 729, InBytes: 49700, OutBytes: 51158 InPRoc: 0, OutPRoc: 729 InFast: 729, OutFast: 0, InAS: 0, OutAS: 0 InPktDrops: 0, OutPktDrops: 0/0/0 (holdq/outputq/total) CrcErrors: 0, SarTimeOuts: 0, OverSizedSDUs: 0, LengthViolation: 0, CPIErrors: 0 OAM cells received: 0 F5 InEndloop: 0, F5 InSegloop: 0, F5 InAIS: 0, F5 InRDI: 0 F4 InEndloop: 0, F4 InSegloop: 0, F4 InAIS: 0, F4 InRDI: 0 OAM cells sent: 0 F5 OutEndloop: 0, F5 OutSegloop: 0, F5 OutRDI: 0 F4 OutEndloop: 0, F4 OutSegloop: 0, F4 OutRDI: 0 OAM cell drops: 0 Status: UP PPP: Virtual-Access2 from Virtual-Template1 !--- MLPPP bundle interface. ATM#
이것은 프레임 릴레이 라우터의 show policy-map입니다.
FR#show policy-map interface Virtual-Access2 Service-policy output: VoIP Class-map: voice (match-all) 15483 packets, 959502 bytes 30 second offered rate 24000 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match: ip dscp 40 Weighted Fair Queueing Strict Priority !--- LLQ Strict Priority Queue for voice. Output Queue: Conversation 24 Bandwidth 48(kbps) Burst 1500 (Bytes) (pkts matched/bytes matched) 15536/962784 (total drops/bytes drops) 0/0 !--- No drops in the voice queue. Class-map: class-default (match-any) 139 packets, 19481 bytes 30 second offered rate 1000 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match: any Weighted Fair Queueing Flow Based Fair Queueing Maximum Number of Hashed Queues 16 (total queued/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
이 출력은 ATM 라우터의 show policy map 명령을 보여줍니다.
ATM#show policy-map interface Virtual-Access2 Service-policy output: VOIP Class-map: voice (match-all) 11293 packets, 699718 bytes 30 second offered rate 24000 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match: ip dscp 40 Weighted Fair Queueing Strict Priority !--- LLQ Strict Priority Queue for voice. Output Queue: Conversation 24 Bandwidth 48 (kbps) Burst 1500 (Bytes) (pkts matched/bytes matched) 11352/703376 (total drops/bytes drops) 0/0 !--- No drops in the voice queue. Class-map: class-default (match-any) 63 packets, 9772 bytes 30 second offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps Match: any Weighted Fair Queueing Flow Based Fair Queueing Maximum Number of Hashed Queues 16 (total queued/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0 ATM#
이 출력은 프레임 릴레이 라우터의 show ip rtp header-compression 명령을 보여줍니다.
FR#show ip rtp header-compression RTP/UDP/IP header compression statistics: Interface Virtual-Access1: Rcvd: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 errors 0 dropped, 0 buffer copies, 0 buffer failures Sent: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 bytes saved, 0 bytes sent Connect: 16 rx slots, 16 tx slots, 0 long searches, 0 misses 0 collisions Interface Virtual-Template1: Rcvd: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 errors 0 dropped, 0 buffer copies, 0 buffer failures Sent: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 bytes saved, 0 bytes sent Connect: 16 rx slots, 16 tx slots, 0 long searches, 0 misses 0 collisions Interface Virtual-Access2: Rcvd: 23682 total, 23681 compressed, 0 errors 0 dropped, 0 buffer copies, 0 buffer failures Sent: 327 total, 233 compressed, 8821 bytes saved, 5159 bytes sent 2.70 efficiency improvement factor Connect: 16 rx slots, 16 tx slots, 0 long searches, 94 misses 0 collisions 71% hit ratio, five minute miss rate 0 misses/sec, 0 max
이 출력은 ATM 라우터의 show ip rtp header-compression 명령을 보여줍니다.
ATM#show ip rtp header-compression RTP/UDP/IP header compression statistics: Interface Virtual-Access1: Rcvd: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 errors 0 dropped, 0 buffer copies, 0 buffer failures Sent: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 bytes saved, 0 bytes sent Connect: 16 rx slots, 16 tx slots, 0 long searches, 0 misses 0 collisions, 0 negative cache hits Interface Virtual-Template1: Rcvd: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 errors 0 dropped, 0 buffer copies, 0 buffer failures Sent: 0 total, 0 compressed, 0 bytes saved, 0 bytes sent Connect: 16 rx slots, 16 tx slots, 0 long searches, 0 misses 0 collisions, 0 negative cache hits Interface Virtual-Access2: Rcvd: 283 total, 233 compressed, 0 errors 0 dropped, 0 buffer copies, 0 buffer failures Sent: 25341 total, 25340 compressed, 955537 bytes saved, 564463 bytes sent 2.69 efficiency improvement factor Connect: 16 rx slots, 16 tx slots, 0 long searches, 1 misses 0 collisions, 100 negative cache hits 99% hit ratio, five minute miss rate 0 misses/sec, 0 max
컨피그레이션 문제를 해결하려면 이 섹션을 사용합니다.
이 섹션에서는 MLP LFI를 명확하게 하기 위한 몇 가지 예제 디버그를 제공하고 컨피그레이션 문제를 해결하기 위한 작업 예제 역할을 합니다.
Output Interpreter 도구(등록된 고객만 해당)(OIT)는 특정 show 명령을 지원합니다.OIT를 사용하여 show 명령 출력의 분석을 봅니다.
참고: debug 명령을 사용하기 전에 디버그 명령에 대한 중요 정보를 참조하십시오.
debug ppp negotiation - PPP 및 PPP 번들 링크를 나타내기 위해 두 개의 가상 액세스 인터페이스를 복제하는 프로세스를 설명합니다.Vi1(Virtual-access interface 1)은 (ATM 또는 프레임) PVC가 바인딩된 PPP 링크입니다.가상 인터페이스 2(Vi2)는 대기열 정책이 연결된 PPP 번들 링크입니다.
debug ppp multilink fragment - 더 작은 음성 패킷으로 인터리빙되는 대규모 데이터 패킷의 개념을 설명합니다.번들 인터페이스에 멋진 큐잉이 할당되었으므로 인터리빙은 Vi2 인터페이스(MLP 레벨)에서 발생합니다.
debug ppp negotiation 명령의 명령 출력입니다.
FR(config-if)#no shut FR(config-if)#^Z FR# FR# 6d23h: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up *Mar 7 23:20:42.842: Vi1 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line !--- Vi1 is the PPP link to which the PVC is bound. *Mar 7 23:20:42.842: Vi1 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Active Open *Mar 7 23:20:42.842: Vi1 LCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 197 len 19 *Mar 7 23:20:42.842: Vi1 LCP: MagicNumber 0xF44128D2 (0x0506F44128D2) *Mar 7 23:20:42.842: Vi1 LCP: MRRU 1524 (0x110405F4) *Mar 7 23:20:42.842: Vi1 LCP: EndpointDisc 1 FR (0x1305014652) !--- Router FR at one end of PPP discovery. *Mar 7 23:20:42.858: Vi1 LCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 14 len 20 *Mar 7 23:20:42.858: Vi1 LCP: MagicNumber 0x294819D4 (0x0506294819D4) *Mar 7 23:20:42.858: Vi1 LCP: MRRU 1524 (0x110405F4) *Mar 7 23:20:42.858: Vi1 LCP: EndpointDisc 1 ATM (0x13060141544D) !--- Router ATM at the other end of PPP discovery. *Mar 7 23:20:42.858: Vi1 LCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 14 len 20 *Mar 7 23:20:42.862: Vi1 LCP: MagicNumber 0x294819D4 (0x0506294819D4) *Mar 7 23:20:42.862: Vi1 LCP: MRRU 1524 (0x110405F4) *Mar 7 23:20:42.862: Vi1 LCP: EndpointDisc 1 ATM (0x13060141544D) *Mar 7 23:20:42.870: Vi1 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 197 len 19 *Mar 7 23:20:42.870: Vi1 LCP: MagicNumber 0xF44128D2 (0x0506F44128D2) *Mar 7 23:20:42.870: Vi1 LCP: MRRU 1524 (0x110405F4) *Mar 7 23:20:42.870: Vi1 LCP: EndpointDisc 1 FR (0x1305014652) *Mar 7 23:20:42.870: Vi1 LCP: State is Open *Mar 7 23:20:42.870: Vi1 PPP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward *Mar 7 23:20:42.874: Vi1 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Finish LCP *Mar 7 23:20:42.874: Vi1 PPP: Phase is VIRTUALIZED *Mar 7 23:20:42.942: Vi2 PPP: Phase is DOWN, Setup *Mar 7 23:20:43.222: Vi1 IPCP: Packet buffered while building MLP bundle interface 6d23h: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access2, changed state to up !--- MLP level queuing. *Mar 7 23:20:43.226: Vi2 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line *Mar 7 23:20:43.226: Vi2 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Active Open *Mar 7 23:20:43.226: Vi2 LCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 19 *Mar 7 23:20:43.226: Vi2 LCP: MagicNumber 0xF4412A53 (0x0506F4412A53) *Mar 7 23:20:43.226: Vi2 LCP: MRRU 1524 (0x110405F4) *Mar 7 23:20:43.230: Vi2 LCP: EndpointDisc 1 FR (0x1305014652) *Mar 7 23:20:43.230: Vi2 MLP: Added first link Vi1 to bundle ATM !--- PVCs make up the bundle. *Mar 7 23:20:43.230: Vi2 PPP: Phase is UP *Mar 7 23:20:43.230: Vi2 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 10 *Mar 7 23:20:43.234: Vi2 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.2 (0x03060A010102) *Mar 7 23:20:43.234: Vi2 PPP: Pending ncpQ size is 1 *Mar 7 23:20:43.234: Vi1 IPCP: Redirect packet to Vi1 *Mar 7 23:20:43.234: Vi2 IPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 1 len 10 *Mar 7 23:20:43.234: Vi2 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.1 (0x03060A010101) *Mar 7 23:20:43.234: Vi2 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 1 len 10 *Mar 7 23:20:43.234: Vi2 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.1 (0x03060A010101) *Mar 7 23:20:43.266: Vi2 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 1 len 10 *Mar 7 23:20:43.266: Vi2 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.2 (0x03060A010102) *Mar 7 23:20:43.266: Vi2 IPCP: State is Open *Mar 7 23:20:43.266: Vi2 IPCP: Install route to 10.1.1.1 *Mar 7 23:20:43.270: Vi2 IPCP: Add link info for cef entry 10.1.1.1
이 명령 출력은 debug ppp multilink fragment 명령에서 출력됩니다.
*Mar 7 23:16:08.034: Vi2 MLP: Packet interleaved from queue 24 *Mar 7 23:16:08.038: Vi1 MLP: O ppp UNKNOWN(0x0000) (0000) size 64 *Mar 7 23:16:08.038: Vi2 MLP: Packet interleaved from queue 24 *Mar 7 23:16:08.038: Vi1 MLP: O ppp UNKNOWN(0x0000) (0000) size 64 *Mar 7 23:16:08.038: Vi2 MLP: Packet interleaved from queue 24 *Mar 7 23:16:08.038: Vi1 MLP: O ppp UNKNOWN(0x0000) (0000) size 64 *Mar 7 23:16:08.038: Vi1 MLP: O frag 0000829B size 160 *Mar 7 23:16:08.042: Vi1 MLP: I ppp IP (0021) size 64 direct *Mar 7 23:16:08.046: Vi1 MLP: I ppp IP (0021) size 64 direct