Este documento descreve como configurar e resolver problemas da Reverse Route Injection (RRI) no Cisco Security Appliance (ASA/PIX).
Observação: consulte o Exemplo de Configuração de Autenticação do PIX/ASA 7.x e do Cisco VPN Client 4.x com o Windows 2003 IAS RADIUS (Contra Ative Diretory) para obter mais informações sobre a configuração de VPN de acesso remoto no ASA/PIX e no Cisco VPN Client.
Não existem requisitos específicos para este documento.
As informações neste documento são baseadas nestas versões de software e hardware:
Cisco 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) que executa a versão de software 8.0
Software Cisco VPN Client versão 5.0
The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.
Essa configuração também pode ser usada com o Cisco 500 Series PIX Firewall que executa o software versão 7.x e posterior.
Consulte as Convenções de Dicas Técnicas da Cisco para obter mais informações sobre convenções de documentos.
O Reverse Route Inject (RRI) é usado para preencher a tabela de roteamento de um roteador interno que executa o protocolo OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) ou RIP (Routing Information Protocol) para VPN Clients remotos ou sessões LAN 2 2.
Nesta seção, você encontrará informações para configurar os recursos descritos neste documento.
Nota: Use a Command Lookup Tool (somente clientes registrados) para obter mais informações sobre os comandos usados nesta seção.
Este documento utiliza a seguinte configuração de rede:
Observação: os esquemas de endereçamento IP usados nesta configuração não são legalmente roteáveis na Internet. São os endereços da RFC1918 que foram usados em um ambiente de laboratório.
Observação: você pode usar o RRI em túneis VPN de LAN para LAN e cenários Easy VPN.
Este documento utiliza as seguintes configurações:
Cisco ASA |
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ciscoasa(config)#access-list split extended permit ip 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.105.0 255.255.255.00 ciscoasa(config)#access-list redistribute standard permit 192.168.105.0 255.255.255.0 ciscoasa(config)#ip local pool clients 192.168.105.1-192.168.105.10 mask 255.255.255.0 ciscoasa(config)#route-map redistribute permit 1 ciscoasa(config-route-map)#match ip address redistribute ciscoasa(config-route-map)#exit ciscoasa(config)#group-policy clientgroup internal ciscoasa(config)#group-policy clientgroup attributes ciscoasa(config-group-policy)#split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified ciscoasa(config-group-policy)#split-tunnel-network-list value split ciscoasa(config-group-policy)#exit ciscoasa(config)#isakmp nat-traversal 10 ciscoasa(config)#isakmp enable outside ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 encryption 3des ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 hash sha ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 group 2 ciscoasa(config)#isakmp policy 10 lifetime 86400 ciscoasa(config)#crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ciscoasa(config)#crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA ciscoasa(config)#crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set reverse-route !--- Command to enable RRI ciscoasa(config)#crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map ciscoasa(config)#crypto map outside_map interface outside ciscoasa(config)#tunnel-group vpn-test type ipsec-ra ciscoasa(config)#tunnel-group vpn-test general-attributes ciscoasa(config-tunnel-general)#address-pool clients ciscoasa(config-tunnel-general)#default-group-policy clientgroup ciscoasa(config-tunnel-general)#tunnel-group vpn-test ipsec-attributes ciscoasa(config-tunnel-ipsec)#pre-shared-key cisco123 ciscoasa(config-tunnel-ipsec)#exit |
Cisco ASA |
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ciscoasa#show running-config : Saved : ASA Version 8.0(2) ! hostname ciscoasa enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted names ! interface Ethernet0 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.212.1 255.255.255.0 ! !---Output Suppressed ! passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted ftp mode passive access-list split extended permit ip 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.105.0 255.255.255.0 !--- Split-tunneling ACL access-list redistribute standard permit 192.168.105.0 255.255.255.0 !--- Match the traffic sourced from 192.168.105.0 network pager lines 24 mtu outside 1500 mtu insi 1500 ip local pool clients 192.168.105.1-192.168.105.10 mask 255.255.255.0 no failover icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 ! route-map redistribute permit 1 match ip address redistribute ! ! router ospf 1 network 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 log-adj-changes redistribute static subnets route-map redistribute !--- Redistribute the static routes sourced from 192.168.105.0 !--- network into OSPF Autonomous System (AS). ! route outside 10.5.5.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1 1 !---Output Suppressed crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set reverse-route !--- Command to enable RRI crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 65535 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 !---Output Suppressed service-policy global_policy global group-policy clientgroup internal group-policy clientgroup attributes split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value split username vpnuser password gKK.Ip0zetpjju4R encrypted tunnel-group vpn-test type remote-access tunnel-group vpn-test general-attributes address-pool clients default-group-policy clientgroup tunnel-group vpn-test ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * prompt hostname context Cryptochecksum:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e : end |
Esta seção fornece informações que podem ser usadas para o troubleshooting da sua configuração.
Observação: suponha que o túnel VPN seja estabelecido por um usuário móvel remoto e que 192.168.105.1 seja o endereço IP atribuído pelo ASA.
Tabela de roteamento ASA
ciscoasa#show route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.105.1 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside C 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, insi C 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside S 10.5.5.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside O 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 2:09:24, insi O 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 2:09:24, insi
Dica: mesmo que o RRI não esteja configurado, a rota estática do cliente conectado é injetada na tabela de roteamento do servidor VPN (ASA/PIX). No entanto, ele não é redistribuído para o roteador interno, que executa protocolos de roteamento dinâmico, como OSPF, EIGRP (se você executar o ASA 8.0).
Tabela de Roteamento do Roteador R1
R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.2.2.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 02:11:52, Ethernet0
Tabela de Roteamento do Roteador R2
R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.1.1.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 02:13:03, Ethernet0
Observação: suponha que o túnel VPN seja estabelecido por um usuário móvel remoto e que 192.168.105.1 seja o endereço IP atribuído pelo ASA.
Tabela de roteamento ASA
ciscoasa#show route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.105.1 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside C 192.168.212.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, insi C 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside S 10.5.5.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside O 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 2:09:24, insi O 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 2:09:24, insi
Tabela de Roteamento do Roteador R1
R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 192.168.105.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O E2 192.168.105.1 [110/20] via 192.168.212.1, 00:03:06, Ethernet0 !--- Redistributed route C 192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.2.2.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.3, 02:11:52, Ethernet0
Tabela de Roteamento do Roteador R2
R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 192.168.105.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O E2 192.168.105.1 [110/20] via 192.168.212.1, 00:04:17, Ethernet0 !--- Redistributed route C 192.168.212.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.1.1.1/32 [110/11] via 192.168.212.2, 02:13:03, Ethernet0