ATM反向多路复用(IMA)涉及在分组以形成更高带宽和逻辑链路的物理链路之间以循环方式对ATM信元进行反向多路复用和解复用。逻辑链路速率近似是物理链路速率在IMA组中的总和。信元流以循环方式分布在多个T1/E1链路上,并在目的地重组以形成原始信元流。使用IMA控制协议(ICP)信元提供排序。
在发送方向,从ATM层接收的ATM信元流在IMA组内的多条链路上逐个信元分配。在远端,接收IMA单元逐个信元重组来自每条链路的信元,并重新创建原始ATM信元流。下图显示了如何通过多个接口传输信元流并重组以形成原始信元流。接收接口丢弃ICP信元,然后汇聚信元流被传送到ATM层。
发送IMA定期发送特殊信元,允许在接收IMA处重建ATM信元流。这些ICP单元提供IMA帧的定义。
信元流通过多个接口传输并重新组合以形成原始流。
本文档没有任何特定的要求。
本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本:
对于Cisco 7200系列路由器,由于Cisco IOS®软件版本12.0(5)XE、12.0(7)XE、12.1(1)E和12.1(5)T,因此支持八端口T1/E1 IMA端口适配器。
对于Cisco 7500系列路由器,以下VIP支持八端口T1/E1 IMA端口适配器:
VIP2-40 — 自Cisco IOS版本12.0(5)XE、12.0(7)XE、12.1(1)E起。
VIP2-50 — 自Cisco IOS版本12.0(5)XE、12.0(7)XE、12.1(1)E和12.1(5)T起。
VIP4-80 — 自Cisco IOS 12.2(1)T、12.2(1)、12.0(16)S和12.1(7)E起。
对于Cisco LightStream 1010和Catalyst 8510 ATM交换机路由器,由于Cisco IOS版本12.0(4a)W5(11a)和要求ATM交换机处理器具有每流队列功能卡(FC-PFQ),因此支持八端口T1/E1 IMA模块。
对于Cisco Catalyst 8540 ATM交换机路由器,自Cisco IOS版本12.0(7)W5(15c)起,支持八端口T1/E1 IMA模块。
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您使用的是真实网络,请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。
本文档使用以下网络设置:
有关文档规则的详细信息,请参阅 Cisco 技术提示规则。
在IMA接口之间传输ICP信元。这些信元用于ATM信元流的去耦和重组。发送IMA将IMA帧的发送与所有链路的发送一致。这样,接收方就可以针对链路上可能遇到的任何延迟进行调整。在上图(本例中已简化)中,传输从左到右。但是,该数据和ICP信元沿两个方向发送。因此,接收机可以通过测量每个物理端口上IMA帧的到达时间来检测延迟。默认情况下,每个帧包含128个单元格。因此,每128个信元中就有一个是IMA信元。使用show ima interface命令可查看帧长。
注意:ICP信元被接收接口丢弃。因此,计数器信息不显示ICP单元。有关ATM控制信元的更详细说明,请参阅图示的ATM控制信元。
IMA设备始终发送连续流。如果没有发送ATM层信元,则发送IMA填充信元以在物理层提供恒定流。插入的填充单元允许在IMA子层进行速率去耦。
注意:接收器丢弃填充信元。因此,计数器信息不显示填充单元。有关ATM控制信元的更详细说明,请参阅图示的ATM控制信元。
本文档使用以下配置:
按照以下步骤配置标记为c7200-IMA的路由器:
将您需要的T1/E1接口分组。请注意,接口必须位于同一端口适配器上。
定义任何物理级参数(如果需要)。 扰乱就是一个例子。
创建IMA接口,并使用虚电路(VC)对其进行配置,就像您配置标准的非IMA ATM接口一样。
IMA接口具有以下语法:interface atm x /imay ,其中x 是插槽编号,y 是IMA组编号。
在以下配置中,仅配置PVC。
c7200-IMA |
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hostname c7200-IMA ! interface ATM1/0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast ima-group 0 ! interface ATM1/ima0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast no atm ilmi-keepalive ! interface ATM1/ima0.1 point-to-point ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast pvc 5/100 encapsulation aal5snap ubr 600 ! interface ATM1/1 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast ima-group 0 ! interface ATM1/2 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast ima-group 0 ! interface ATM1/3 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast ima-group 0 |
LightStream 1010-2 |
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hostname ls1010-2 ! interface ATM0/0/0 no ip directed-broadcast lbo short 133 ima-group 0 ! interface ATM0/0/1 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast clock source free-running lbo short 133 ima-group 0 ! interface ATM0/0/2 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast lbo short 133 ima-group 0 ! interface ATM0/0/3 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast lbo short 133 ima-group 0 ! interface ATM0/0/ima0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache cef no atm ilmi-keepalive atm pvc 5 100 interface ATM0/1/0 1 40 |
路由器B |
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hostname Router-B ! interface ATM5/1/0 no ip address no ip route-cache distributed atm pvc 1 0 16 ilmi no atm ilmi-keepalive ! interface ATM5/1/0.1 point-to-point ip address 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.0 pvc 1/40 ubr 600 encapsulation aal5snap |
以下是有关此配置的其他注意事项:
流量整形参数可能因您的环境而异。请参阅了解ATM实时服务类别的路由器支持。
根据载波配置,在接口级别可能需要或不需要加扰。有关详细信息,请参阅何时在ATM虚电路上启用加扰。
本部分所提供的信息可用于确认您的配置是否正常工作。
命令输出解释程序工具(仅限注册用户)支持某些 show 命令,使用此工具可以查看对 show 命令输出的分析。
使用以下命令测试网络是否正常运行:
show atm vc
show interface atm 1/ima0
show ima interface atm1/ima0
show ima interface atm1/ima0 detail
show controller atm 1/0
ping
以下输出是在上述网络图中所示的设备上输入这些命令的结果。此输出表示,网络在适当地运行。使用show atm vc命令显示PVC和流量信息。如下所示,PVC 1/500为UP状态,使用峰值信元速率(PCR)为600 kbps的UBR。
c7200-IMA# show atm vc Peak Avg/Min Burst Interface Name VCD VPI VCI Type Encaps SC Kbps Kbps Cells Status 1/ima0.1 1 5 100 PVC SNAP UBR 600 UP
使用show interface atm 1/ima 0命令查找输入/输出错误。大量输入/输出错误意味着线路不干净。
c7200-IMA# show interface atm 1/ima0 ATM1/ima0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is IMA PA MTU 4470 bytes, sub MTU 4470, BW 1523 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ATM, loopback not set Keepalive not supported Encapsulation(s): AAL5 2048 maximum active VCs, 1 current VCCs VC idle disconnect time: 300 seconds 3 carrier transitions Last input 00:01:24, output 00:01:24, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: Per VC Queueing 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 464 packets input, 17320 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 474 packets output, 17176 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
发出show ima interface命令以查找IMA故障。以下输出显示没有故障,NearEnd和FarEnd可以运行。
c7200-IMA# show ima interface atm1/ima0 ATM1/ima0 is up ImaGroupState: NearEnd = operational, FarEnd = operational ImaGroupFailureStatus = noFailure IMA Group Current Configuration: ImaGroupMinNumTxLinks = 1 ImaGroupMinNumRxLinks = 1 ImaGroupDiffDelayMax = 250 ImaGroupNeTxClkMode = common(ctc) ImaGroupFrameLength = 128 ImaTestProcStatus = disabled ImaGroupTestLink = 0 ImaGroupTestPattern = 0xFF IMA Link Information: Link Link Status Test Status ------ ---------------------------- -------------- ATM1/0 up disabled ATM1/1 up disabled ATM1/2 up disabled ATM1/3 up disabled c7200-IMA# show ima interface atm1/ima0 detail ATM1/ima0 is up ImaGroupState: NearEnd = operational, FarEnd = operational ImaGroupFailureStatus = noFailure IMA Group Current Configuration: ImaGroupMinNumTxLinks = 1 ImaGroupMinNumRxLinks = 1 ImaGroupDiffDelayMax = 250 ImaGroupNeTxClkMode = common(ctc) ImaGroupFrameLength = 128 ImaTestProcStatus = disabled ImaGroupTestLink = 0 ImaGroupTestPattern = 0xFF IMA MIB Information: ImaGroupSymmetry = symmetricOperation ImaGroupFeTxClkMode = common(ctc) ImaGroupRxFrameLength = 128 ImaGroupTxTimingRefLink = 0 ImaGroupRxTimingRefLink = 1 ImaGroupTxImaId = 0 ImaGroupRxImaId = 0 ImaGroupNumTxCfgLinks = 4 ImaGroupNumRxCfgLinks = 4 ImaGroupNumTxActLinks = 4 ImaGroupNumRxActLinks = 4 ImaGroupLeastDelayLink = 3 ImaGroupDiffDelayMaxObs = 0 IMA group counters: ImaGroupNeNumFailures = 3 ImaGroupFeNumFailures = 3 ImaGroupUnAvailSecs = 2 ImaGroupRunningSecs = 427185 IMA Detailed Link Information: ATM1/0 is up ImaLinkRowStatus = active ImaLinkIfIndex = 1 ImaLinkGroupIndex = 51 ImaLinkState: NeTx = active NeRx = active FeTx = active FeRx = active ImaLinkFailureStatus: NeRx = noFailure FeRx = noFailure ImaLinkTxLid = 0 ImaLinkRxLid = 0 ImaLinkRxTestPattern = 65 ImaLinkTestProcStatus = disabled ImaLinkRelDelay = 0 IMA Link counters : ImaLinkImaViolations = 1 ImaLinkNeSevErroredSec = 32 ImaLinkFeSevErroredSec = 8 ImaLinkNeUnavailSec = 543 ImaLinkFeUnAvailSec = 0 ImaLinkNeTxUnusableSec = 2 ImaLinkNeRxUnUsableSec = 572 ImaLinkFeTxUnusableSec = 78 ImaLinkFeRxUnusableSec = 78 ImaLinkNeTxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkNeRxNumFailures = 9 ImaLinkFeTxNumFailures = 4 ImaLinkFeRxNumFailures = 4 ATM1/1 is up ImaLinkRowStatus = active ImaLinkIfIndex = 2 ImaLinkGroupIndex = 51 ImaLinkState: NeTx = active NeRx = active FeTx = active FeRx = active ImaLinkFailureStatus: NeRx = noFailure FeRx = noFailure ImaLinkTxLid = 1 ImaLinkRxLid = 1 ImaLinkRxTestPattern = 65 ImaLinkTestProcStatus = disabled ImaLinkRelDelay = 0 IMA Link counters : ImaLinkImaViolations = 1 ImaLinkNeSevErroredSec = 1 ImaLinkFeSevErroredSec = 0 ImaLinkNeUnavailSec = 0 ImaLinkFeUnAvailSec = 0 ImaLinkNeTxUnusableSec = 2 ImaLinkNeRxUnUsableSec = 2 ImaLinkFeTxUnusableSec = 0 ImaLinkFeRxUnusableSec = 0 ImaLinkNeTxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkNeRxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkFeTxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkFeRxNumFailures = 0 ATM1/2 is up ImaLinkRowStatus = active ImaLinkIfIndex = 3 ImaLinkGroupIndex = 51 ImaLinkState: NeTx = active NeRx = active FeTx = active FeRx = active ImaLinkFailureStatus: NeRx = noFailure FeRx = noFailure ImaLinkTxLid = 2 ImaLinkRxLid = 2 ImaLinkRxTestPattern = 65 ImaLinkTestProcStatus = disabled ImaLinkRelDelay = 0 IMA Link counters : ImaLinkImaViolations = 1 ImaLinkNeSevErroredSec = 1 ImaLinkFeSevErroredSec = 0 ImaLinkNeUnavailSec = 0 ImaLinkFeUnAvailSec = 0 ImaLinkNeTxUnusableSec = 2 ImaLinkNeRxUnUsableSec = 2 ImaLinkFeTxUnusableSec = 0 ImaLinkFeRxUnusableSec = 0 ImaLinkNeTxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkNeRxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkFeTxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkFeRxNumFailures = 0 ATM1/3 is up ImaLinkRowStatus = active ImaLinkIfIndex = 4 ImaLinkGroupIndex = 51 ImaLinkState: NeTx = active NeRx = active FeTx = active FeRx = active ImaLinkFailureStatus: NeRx = noFailure FeRx = noFailure ImaLinkTxLid = 3 ImaLinkRxLid = 3 ImaLinkRxTestPattern = 65 ImaLinkTestProcStatus = disabled ImaLinkRelDelay = 0 IMA Link counters : ImaLinkImaViolations = 1 ImaLinkNeSevErroredSec = 1 ImaLinkFeSevErroredSec = 0 ImaLinkNeUnavailSec = 0 ImaLinkFeUnAvailSec = 0 ImaLinkNeTxUnusableSec = 2 ImaLinkNeRxUnUsableSec = 2 ImaLinkFeTxUnusableSec = 0 ImaLinkFeRxUnusableSec = 0 ImaLinkNeTxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkNeRxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkFeTxNumFailures = 0 ImaLinkFeRxNumFailures = 0
注意:最好检查控制器以验证控制器是否已启动且未报告警报。
c7200-IMA# show controller atm 1/0 Interface ATM1/0 is up Hardware is IMA PA - DS1 (1Mbps) Framer is PMC PM7344, SAR is LSI ATMIZER II Firmware rev: G114, ATMIZER II rev: 3 idb=0x621903D8, ds=0x62198DE0, vc=0x621BA340, pa=0x62185EC0 slot 1, unit 1, subunit 0, fci_type 0x00BA, ticks 414377 400 rx buffers: size=512, encap=64, trailer=28, magic=4 Curr Stats: rx_cell_lost=0, rx_no_buffer=0, rx_crc_10=0 rx_cell_len=0, rx_no_vcd=827022, rx_cell_throttle=0, tx_aci_err=0 Rx Free Ring status: base=0x3CFF0040, size=1024, write=432 Rx Compl Ring status: base=0x7B095700, size=2048, read=464 Tx Ring status: base=0x3CFE8040, size=8192, write=476 Tx Compl Ring status: base=0x4B099740, size=4096, read=238 BFD Cache status: base=0x621B52C0, size=5120, read=5119 Rx Cache status: base=0x621A0D00, size=16, write=0 Tx Shadow status: base=0x621A1140, size=8192, read=463, write=476 Control data: rx_max_spins=2, max_tx_count=17, tx_count=13 rx_threshold=267, rx_count=0, tx_threshold=3840 tx bfd write indx=0x10DF, rx_pool_info=0x621A0DA0 Control data base address: rx_buf_base = 0x4B059E60 rx_p_base = 0x62199300 rx_pak = 0x621A0A14 cmd = 0x621990A0 device_base = 0x3C800000 ima_pa_stats = 0x4B09D860 sdram_base = 0x3CE00000 pa_cmd_buf = 0x3CFFFC00 vcd_base[0] = 0x3CE3C400 vcd_base[1] = 0x3CE1C000 chip_dump = 0x4B09E63C dpram_base = 0x3CD80000 sar_buf_base[0] = 0x3CE54000 sar_buf_base[1] = 0x3CF2A000 bfd_base[0] = 0x3CFD4000 bfd_base[1] = 0x3CFC0000 acd_base[0] = 0x3CE8CE00 acd_base[1] = 0x3CE5C800 pci_atm_stats = 0x4B09D780 fdl is DISABLED Scrambling is Disabled Yellow alarm is Enabled in Rx and Enabled in Tx linecode is B8ZS T1 Framing Mode: ESF ADM format LBO (Cablelength) is long gain36 0db Facility Alarms: No Alarm
为了测试连通性,我们从7200路由器的一端ping另一端(路由器B),并确保ping成功。ping失败表明IMA端口或IP编址可能配置错误。
c7200-IMA# ping 100.100.100.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.100.100.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/6/8 ms
目前没有针对此配置的故障排除信息。
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
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1.0 |
06-Sep-2018 |
初始版本 |