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本文档介绍连接故障管理(CFM)技术、配置、后检查和故障排除。并介绍 CFM 的基本概念、CFM 的构成要素、配置指南、show 命令和对 CFM 消息的 Wireshark 分析。本文档不涉及为确保 CFM 正常工作所需遵守的硬件限制或支持的接口。
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题:
本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态,请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
以太网 CFM 是端到端每服务实例以太网层运行、维护和管理 (OAM) 协议。它包括大型以太城域网 (MAN) 和广域网 (WAN) 的主动连接监控、故障验证和故障隔离。
以太网作为 MAN 和 WAN 技术问世对以太网的传统运营(仅集中在企业网络上)提出了一系列新的 OAM 要求。以太网技术已扩展到运营商领域,无论是规模、复杂性还是用户范围,企业网络都无法与运营商网络相提并论,这就使链路正常运行时间的运营管理变得至关重要。更重要的是,要想保证日常运营正常进行,必须及时隔离故障并做出响应,因此 OAM 可直接转化为运营商的竞争力。
CFM 定义了三 (3) 个协议:
multicast "heart-beat"
消息由MEP(3.3毫秒、10毫秒、100毫秒、1秒、10秒、1分钟、10分钟)以可配置的周期间隔传输 — 单向(无需响应)Ethernet Ping
Ethernet Traceroute
要将三种协议全部整合到一起并在网络中实施,请完成以下步骤:
为了探索配置,我们创建了一个小型拓扑来进行演示。“域”、“服务名称”和“EVC 名称”所使用的名称如下所示:
Domain: ISPdomain
Domain level: 5
Service Name: XCONN_EVC
EVC Name: EVC_CE1
PE1:
---------------------------Enabling CFM globally-------------------------------------
ethernet cfm ieee
ethernet cfm distribution enable
ethernet cfm global
ethernet cfm traceroute cache
ethernet cfm alarm notification all
ethernet cfm domain ISPdomain level 5
service XCONN_EVC evc EVC_CE1
continuity-check
---------------------------Enabling CFM MEP under EVC----------------------------
int gig4/2
service instance 2100 ethernet EVC_CE1
encapsulation dot1q 2100
xconnect 192.168.3.3 2100 encapsulation mpls
cfm mep domain ISPdomain mpid 102
monitor loss counter
PE3:
---------------------------Enabling CFM globally-------------------------------------
ethernet cfm ieee
ethernet cfm distribution enable
ethernet cfm global
ethernet cfm traceroute cache
ethernet cfm alarm notification all
ethernet cfm domain ISPdomain level 5
service XCONN_EVC evc EVC_CE1
continuity-check
---------------------------Enabling CFM MEP under EVC----------------------------
int gig4/2
service instance 2100 ethernet EVC_CE1
encapsulation dot1q 2100
xconnect 192.168.1.1 2100 encapsulation mpls
cfm mep domain ISPdomain mpid 201
monitor loss counter
PE1#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local
Local MEPs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MPID Domain Name Lvl MacAddress Type CC
Ofld Domain Id Dir Port Id
MA Name SrvcInst Source
EVC name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 ISPdomain 5 ccef.48d0.64b0 XCON Y
No ISPdomain Up Gi4/2 N/A
XCONN_EVC 2100 Static
EVC_CE1
Total Local MEPs: 1
PE1#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points remote
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MPID Domain Name MacAddress IfSt PtSt
Lvl Domain ID Ingress
RDI MA Name Type Id SrvcInst
EVC Name Age
Local MEP Info
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
201 ISPdomain 8843.e1df.00b0 Up Up
5 ISPdomain Gi4/2:(192.168.3.3, 2100)
- XCONN_EVC XCON N/A 2100
EVC_CE1 5s
MPID: 102 Domain: ISPdomain MA: XCONN_EVC
在此输出中,你可以看到远程 mpid 和远程 MAC 地址。CFM 状态显示为 up/up。
PE1#ping ethernet mpid 201 domain ISPdomain service XCONN_EVC
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5 Ethernet CFM loopback messages to 8843.e1df.00b0, timeout is 5 seconds:!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms
PE1#traceroute ethernet mpid 201 domain ISPdomain service XCON$
Type escape sequence to abort. TTL 64. Linktrace Timeout is 5 seconds
Tracing the route to 8843.e1df.00b0 on Domain ISPdomain, Level 5,
service XCONN_EVC, evc EVC_CE1
Traceroute sent via Gi4/2:(192.168.3.3, 2100), path found via MPDB
B = Intermediary Bridge
! = Target Destination
* = Per hop Timeout
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Ingress Ingr Action Relay Action
Hops Host Forwarded Egress Egr Action Previous Hop
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B 1 ccef.48d0.64b0 Gi4/2 IngOk RlyMPDB
Forwarded
! 2 8843.e1df.00b0 RlyHit:MEP
Not Forwarded ccef.48d0.64b0
在 PE1 上放置嗅探器设备,捕获来自远程位置的所有 CFM 数据包。示例如下所示:
在该屏幕截图中:
在上一个示例中,CE1可以使用EVC,该CE1位于PE1和PE3后面。您可以在CE1设备上启用关闭MEP,但MD级别更高。此示例中的 MD 级别为 7。
Domain: CEdomain
Domain level: 7
CE1_A
--------------------Enabling CFM globally---------------------------
ethernet cfm ieee
ethernet cfm global
ethernet cfm domain CEdomain level 7
service CUST vlan 2100 direction down (down Mep)
continuity-check
------------------Enabling CFM MEP under interface--------------------
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
switchport access vlan 2100
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
ethernet cfm mep domain CEdomain mpid 1002 service CUST
CE1_B
--------------------Enabling CFM globally---------------------------
ethernet cfm ieee
ethernet cfm global
ethernet cfm domain CEdomain level 7
service CUST vlan 2100 direction down
continuity-check
------------------Enabling CFM MEP under interface--------------------
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
switchport access vlan 2100
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
ethernet cfm mep domain CEdomain mpid 2001 service CUST
CE1#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points remote
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MPID Domain Name MacAddress IfSt PtSt
Lvl Domain ID Ingress
RDI MA Name Type Id SrvcInst
EVC Name Age
Local MEP Info
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 CEdomain 5835.d970.9381 Up Up
7 CEdomain Gi1/0/1
- CUST Vlan 2100 N/A
N/A 3s
MPID: 1002 Domain: CEdomain MA: CUST
Total Remote MEPs: 1
CE1#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local
Local MEPs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MPID Domain Name Lvl MacAddress Type CC
Ofld Domain Id Dir Port Id
MA Name SrvcInst Source
EVC name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1002 CEdomain 7 0023.eac6.8d01 Vlan Y
No CEdomain Down Gi1/0/1 2100
CUST N/A Static
N/A
CE1#ping ethernet mpid 2001 domain CEdomain service CUST
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5 Ethernet CFM loopback messages to 5835.d970.9381, timeout is 5 seconds:!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Total Local MEPs: 1
Till now MIP is not configured on PE1 and PE3 hence output of show command and
traceroute command will be as per below.
CE1#tracer ethernet mpid 2001 domain CEdomain service CUST
Type escape sequence to abort. TTL 64. Linktrace Timeout is 5 seconds
Tracing the route to 5835.d970.9381 on Domain CEdomain, Level 7, vlan 2100
Traceroute sent via Gi1/0/1
B = Intermediary Bridge
! = Target Destination
* = Per hop Timeout
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Ingress Ingr Action Relay Action
Hops Host Forwarded Egress Egr Action Previous Hop
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! 1 5835.d970.9381 Gi1/0/1 IngOk RlyHit:MEP
Not Forwarded 0023.eac6.8d01
CE1_A 可以通过 traceroute 看到 CE1_B。
现在,请在 PE1 和 PE2 上配置 MIP。
PE1:
interface GigabitEthernet 4/2
service instance 2100 ethernet EVC_CE1
cfm mip level 7
PE2:
interface GigabitEthernet 4/2
service instance 2100 ethernet EVC_CE1
cfm mip level 7
现在,请在 CE1 上检查 traceroute 结果。
CE1#traceroute ethernet mpid 2001 domain CEdomain service CUST
Type escape sequence to abort. TTL 64. Linktrace Timeout is 5 seconds
Tracing the route to 5835.d970.9381 on Domain CEdomain, Level 7, vlan 2100
Traceroute sent via Gi1/0/1
B = Intermediary Bridge
! = Target Destination
* = Per hop Timeout
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Ingress Ingr Action Relay Action
Hops Host Forwarded Egress Egr Action Previous Hop
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B 1 ccef.48d0.64b0 Gi4/2 IngOk RlyMPDB
Forwarded 0023.eac6.8d01
B 2 8843.e1df.00b0 RlyMPDB
Forwarded Gi4/2 EgrOK ccef.48d0.64b0
! 3 5835.d970.9381 Gi1/0/1 IngOk RlyHit:MEP
Not Forwarded 8843.e1df.00b0
您可以看到traceroute输出中的差异。配置PE1和PE2上的MIP后,会看到中间跳。
debug ethernet cfm diagnostic packets
debug ethernet cfm packets
IP SLA for Metro Ethernet
ethernet cfm distribution enable
platform time-source
monitor loss counter
前面的命令已在故障管理中启用,因此只需启用 IP SLA 即可开始性能管理。
Ip sla 10
Ethernet y1731 loss LMM domain SPdomain evc EVC_CE1 mpid 201 cos 8 source mpid 102
Frame interval 100
Aggregate interval 180
Ip sla schedule 10 start-time after 00:00:30 life forever.
PE1#show ip sla stat 10
IPSLAs Latest Operation Statistics
IPSLA operation id: 10
Loss Statistics for Y1731 Operation 10
Type of operation: Y1731 Loss Measurement
Latest operation start time: 09:30:11.332 UTC Fri Dec 20 2013
Latest operation return code: OK
Distribution Statistics:
Interval
Start time: 09:30:11.332 UTC Fri Dec 20 2013
Elapsed time: 56 seconds
Number of measurements initiated: 120
Number of measurements completed: 120
Flag: OK
PE1#show ethernet cfm pm session active
Display of Active Session
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPM-ID SLA-ID Lvl/Type/ID/Cos/Dir Src-Mac-address Dst-Mac-address
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 10 5/XCON/N/A/7/Up ccef.48d0.64b0 8843.e1df.00b0
Total number of Active Session: 1
--> Src-Mac-address: SRC MAC of MEP,check 'show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local'
--> Dst-Mac-address: MAC of dest MEP,check 'show ethernet cfm maintenance-points remote'
PE1#show ethernet cfm pm session detail 0
Session ID: 0
Sla Session ID: 10
Level: 5
Service Type: XCO
Service Id: N/A
Direction: Up
Source Mac: ccef.48d0.64b0
Destination Mac: 8843.e1df.00b0
Session Status: Active
MPID: 102
Tx active: yes
Rx active: yes
Timeout timer: stopped
Last clearing of counters: 08:54:20.079 UTC Sat Dec 20 2013
DMMs:
Transmitted: 0
DMRs:
Rcvd: 0
1DMs:
Transmitted: 0
Rcvd: 0
LMMs:
Transmitted: 3143161
LMRs
Rcvd: 515720
VSMs: Transmitted: 0
VSRs: Rcvd: 0
debug ip sla trace <oper_id>
debug ip sla error <oper_id
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
1.0 |
09-Apr-2014 |
初始版本 |