环回是故障排除的重要部分;它们用于隔离故障在线和端到端电路(尤其是当电路关闭时)。 本文档检查Cisco路由器ATM接口上的两种环回类型:
loopback diagnostic — 这有助于确定接口是否正常工作。
loopback line — 这有助于确定服务提供商是否有问题。
有关文档规则的详细信息,请参阅 Cisco 技术提示规则。
本文档没有任何特定的前提条件。
本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本。
本文档中的示例不需要任何特定软件版本。AIP支持环回诊断,而PA-A1、PA-A2和PA-A3支持两种模式。LANE模块支持环回线路,其他Cisco路由器支持这两种模式。
这仅适用于主接口,而不适用于子接口。
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备创建的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您是在真实网络上操作,请确保您在使用任何命令前已经了解其潜在影响。
我们将使用以下网络来说明环回模式。
Cisco路由器的ATM接口下的loopback diagnostic命令会导致从接口传出的流量返回到路由器。图1和示例1说明了该过程。要查看非ATM接口的环回信息,请单击此处并向下滚动至“特殊串行线路测试”部分。
注意:Tx=传输接口和Rx=接收接口。
注意:为确保时钟正确,请将路由器设置为时钟源。为此,请在主接口配置中指定atm clock internal设置。
在接口上设置环回诊断之前
LT-7507b |
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lt7507b# show running-configg Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0 ! hostname lt-7507b ! ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup ! interface ATM1/0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast no ip mroute-cache no atm ilmi-keepalive ! interface ATM1/0.1 multipoint ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast pvc 0/85 protocol ip 10.1.1.1 encapsulation aal5snap ! ip classless no ip http server ! line con 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end |
lt-7507b# show interface atm 1/0 ATM1/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is cxBus ATM MTU 4470 bytes, sub MTU 4470, BW 155520 Kbit, DLY 80 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ATM, loopback not set Keepalive not supported Encapsulation(s): AAL5, PVC mode 256 TX buffers, 256 RX buffers, 2048 maximum active VCs, 1024 VCs per VP, 1 current VCCs VC idle disconnect time: 300 seconds Last input 00:01:55, output 00:01:55, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 163861 packets input, 3164940 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 33 input errors, 33 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 144191 packets output, 2138298 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
注意:为了说明环回机制,我们将显示我们可以在PVC上发送ATM信元。如果未设置环回,这些信元将不会环回到我们。我们关闭另一台路由器lt-7200b的ATM接口。
lt-7507b#debug atm packet interface a1/0.1 vc 0/85 ATM packets debugging is on Displaying packets on interface ATM1/0 VPI 0, VCI 85 only lt-7507b#ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 10.1.1.1 Repeat count [5]: 2 Datagram size [100]: Timeout in seconds [2]: Extended commands [n]: Sweep range of sizes [n]: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 2, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
ping失败,ATM调试显示流量输出且不返回。
1w1d: ATM1/0.1(O): VCD:0x5 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 DM:0x100 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 1w1d: 4500 0064 001C 0000 FF01 B778 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 9994 0E58 068B 0000 1w1d: 0000 2D42 A290 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: . 1w1d: ATM1/0.1(O): VCD:0x5 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 DM:0x100 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 1w1d: 4500 0064 001D 0000 FF01 B777 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 91C3 0E59 068B 0000 1w1d: 0000 2D42 AA60 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: . Success rate is 0 percent (0/2)
现在添加环回诊断,并且show interface将显示环回已设置。
lt-7507b#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. lt-7507b(config)#int a1/0 lt-7507b(config-if)#loopback diagnostic lt-7507b(config-if)#atm clock internal
注意:必须在主接口上配置loopback命令,而不是在子接口上配置。
lt-7507b# show interface a1/0 ATM1/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is cxBus ATM MTU 4470 bytes, sub MTU 4470, BW 155520 Kbit, DLY 80 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ATM, loopback set Keepalive not supported Encapsulation(s): AAL5, PVC mode 256 TX buffers, 256 RX buffers, 2048 maximum active VCs, 1024 VCs per VP, 1 current VCCs VC idle disconnect time: 300 seconds Last input 00:03:16, output 00:03:16, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 163861 packets input, 3164940 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 33 input errors, 33 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 144191 packets output, 2138298 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
ping操作将失败,但ATM调试将显示流出(O)并返回(I)。
lt-7507b#ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 10.1.1.1 Repeat count [5]: 2 Datagram size [100]: Timeout in seconds [2]: Extended commands [n]: Sweep range of sizes [n]: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 2, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: 1w1d: ATM1/0.1(O): VCD:0x5 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 DM:0x100 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 1w1d: 4500 0064 001A 0000 FF01 B77A 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 119A 13A2 07C5 0000 1w1d: 0000 2D41 2408 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: 1w1d: ATM1/0.1(I): VCD:0x5 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 Type:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 1w1d: 4500 0064 001A 0000 0101 B57B 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 119A 13A2 07C5 0000 1w1d: 0000 2D41 2408 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: . 1w1d: ATM1/0.1(O): VCD:0x5 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 DM:0x100 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 1w1d: 4500 0064 001B 0000 FF01 B779 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 09C9 13A3 07C5 0000 1w1d: 0000 2D41 2BD8 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: 1w1d: ATM1/0.1(I): VCD:0x5 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 Type:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 1w1d: 4500 0064 001B 0000 0101 B57A 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 09C9 13A3 07C5 0000 1w1d: 0000 2D41 2BD8 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 1w1d: . Success rate is 0 percent (0/2)
Cisco路由器ATM接口下的loopback line命令会导致传入流量发回网络。请参阅下面的图2和示例2。
路由器lt-7200b的配置
LT-7200b |
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lt-7200b# show running-configg Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname lt-7200b ! interface ATM2/0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast no atm ilmi-keepalive ! interface ATM2/0.1 multipoint ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast pvc 0/85 protocol ip 10.1.1.2 encapsulation aal5snap ! ! ip classless no ip http server ! line con 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end |
在接口上设置环回线路之前
lt-7200b# show interface atm 2/0 ATM2/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is TI1570 ATM MTU 4470 bytes, sub MTU 4470, BW 155520 Kbit, DLY 80 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ATM, loopback not set Keepalive not supported Encapsulation(s): AAL5, PVC mode 2048 maximum active VCs, 1024 VCs per VP, 1 current VCCs VC idle disconnect time: 300 seconds Last input 00:00:43, output 00:00:43, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 94912 packets input, 1637823 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 102893 packets output, 2042225 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 3 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
注意:ATM数据包调试已打开,并从路由器lt-7507b ping路由器lt-7200b。您可以看到,测试是从7500(我们删除了初始环回)再次完成的。 这是正常的,因为环回线路允许我们查看Telco的网络是否正常工作。
lt-7507b#debug atm packet ATM packets debugging is on Displaying all ATM packets lt-7507b#debug atm packet sh debug lt-7507b#ping 10.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ! Success rate is 100 percent (1/1), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
ping操作成功,ATM调试show traffic正在输出并返回。
00:45:14: ATM1/0.1(O): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 DM:0x100 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 00:45:14: 4500 0064 0005 0000 FF01 B78F 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 028C 02D4 0C51 0000 00:45:14: 0000 0029 6C70 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:45:14: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:45:14: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:45:14: 00:45:14: ATM1/0.1(I): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 Type:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 00:45:14: 4500 0064 0005 0000 FE01 B88F 0A01 0101 0A01 0102 0000 0A8C 02D4 0C51 0000 00:45:14: 0000 0029 6C70 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:45:14: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:45:14: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD Success rate is 100 percent (1/1)
在路由器lt-7200b的ATM接口上配置环回线路
lt-7200b#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. lt-7200b(config)#int a2/0 lt-7200b(config-if)#loopback line lt-7200b(config-if)#^Z lt-7200b#config show interface a2/0 ATM2/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is TI1570 ATM MTU 4470 bytes, sub MTU 4470, BW 155520 Kbit, DLY 80 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ATM,loopback set Keepalive not supported Encapsulation(s): AAL5, PVC mode 2048 maximum active VCs, 1024 VCs per VP, 1 current VCCs VC idle disconnect time: 300 seconds Last input 00:02:45, output 00:02:45, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 94917 packets input, 1638383 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 102898 packets output, 2042785 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 5 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
注意: 从路由器lt-7507b执行ping操作。ping将按预期失败,但流量从网络环回到路由器lt-7507b,ATM调试显示流量流出(O)然后返回(I)。
lt-7507b#ping 10.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 2, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: .. Success rate is 0 percent (0/2) 00:52:00: ATM1/0.1(O): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 DM:0x100 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 00:52:00: 4500 0064 000F 0000 FF01 B785 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 CE44 1 21D 0009 0000 00:52:00: 0000 002F 9DB0 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:00: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:00: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:00: 00:52:00: ATM1/0.1(I): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 Type:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 00:52:00: 4500 0064 000F 0000 0101 B586 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 CE44 121D 0009 0000 00:52:00: 0000 002F 9DB0 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:00: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:00: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:00: . 00:52:02: ATM1/0.1(O): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 DM:0x100 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 00:52:02: 4500 0064 0010 0000 FF01 B784 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 C673 121E 0009 0000 00:52:02: 0000 002F A580 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:02: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:02: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:02: 00:52:02: ATM1/0.1(I): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x0 VCI:0x55 Type:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 00:52:02: 4500 0064 0010 0000 0101 B585 0A01 0102 0A01 0101 0800 C673 121E 0009 0000 00:52:02: 0000 002F A580 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:02: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 00:52:02: ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD Success rate is 0 percent (0/2)
环回是排除故障电路故障时使用的有用工具。他们可以:
帮助您确定物理接口问题。
帮助您排除ATM服务提供商故障。
我们以通常的方式运行本文档中的测试:对另一边执行ping操作。如果使用正确的映射,或者使用点对点子接口,用户可以ping自己的IP地址。因此,ICMP回应肯定会在接口上发送,并由路由器应答。换句话说,在实时环境中,您可以运行相同的测试,而不启用任何调试。您只需检查是否能ping通自己的IP地址,并查看测试是否成功。