基于呼叫方ID的身份验证不仅基于用户ID和密码,而且基于拨号位置对远程客户端进行身份验证,从而提供更高的安全性。
本文档没有任何特定的前提条件。
本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。
有关文档规则的详细信息,请参阅 Cisco 技术提示规则。
本文档首先说明在拨号程序配置文件接口(而不是拨号程序旋转组接口)上使用dialer caller命令(除了用于回叫外)的不同含义。
在后一种情况下,它是类似于ISDN接口上的isdn caller的屏蔽命令。在前一种情况下,该命令提供一种机制,根据传入Q.931设置消息中显示的主叫方号码,将传入呼叫绑定到正确的拨号程序配置文件。如果物理接口配置为PPP身份验证,在拨号程序配置文件中将显示的主叫方号码与拨号程序主叫方号码不匹配,则不一定会导致呼叫被拒绝为不可绑定。您还可以将显示的主机名与要在此基础上绑定的已配置拨号程序远程名称值进行匹配。这是因为基于所显示主叫方号码的绑定并非成功绑定的唯一可能标准。有关绑定和拨号程序配置文件的详细信息,请参阅配置和故障排除拨号程序配置文件。
从Cisco IOS®软件版本12.0(7)T及更高版本,从物理接口删除PPP身份验证,以便仅根据主叫方号码来屏蔽呼叫。在这种情况下,路由器找不到匹配拨号器呼叫方值的呼叫将被拒绝为不可绑定。如果要对这些呼叫进行正确的身份验证,可以使用PAP或CHAP在拨号器接口上配置PPP身份验证。
初始呼叫被拒绝(未应答),回叫选项已添加到主叫方ID身份验证。但是,会向主叫号码发起回叫以建立连接。您可以使用回叫:
电话计费的整合和集中
长途电话的成本节省
访问控制
此示例配置说明使用dialer caller number[callback]命令来配置呼叫方ID屏蔽,或者为拨号程序配置文件DDR启用ISDN呼叫方ID回叫。您也可以将此命令用于传统DDR。此命令将Cisco IOS软件配置为根据主叫方的PSTN号码接受或拒绝ISDN呼叫。例如,dialer caller 1234命令允许路由器接受主叫号码为1234的ISDN呼叫。
注意:此配置要求Telco将呼叫方ID信息传递给路由器或接入服务器。如果启用主叫方ID屏蔽,但没有将主叫方ID信息传递给路由器,则不接受任何呼叫。
有关ISDN主叫方ID身份验证和回叫的必备条件和其他可选功能的详细信息,请参阅配置ISDN主叫方ID回叫。
本部分提供有关如何配置本文档所述功能的信息。
注意:使用命令查找工具(仅限注册客户)可查找有关本文档中使用的命令的详细信息。
注意:这些配置被截断以仅显示相关信息。
本文档使用以下网络设置:
本文档使用以下配置:
在此场景中,路由器2和3都向路由器1发起DDR呼叫。路由器1仅根据主叫方ID对路由器2和3进行身份验证。路由器1配置为回叫路由器2,而不是回叫路由器3。
提示:选择配置的适当部分以配置主叫方ID屏蔽或主叫方ID回叫功能,但不同时配置两者。例如,该图显示回叫需要路由器2和路由器1的配置。但是,由于路由器1同时执行这两项任务,请只选择与路由器2关联的拨号器接口配置(在接口Dialer 1中明确标记)。
路由器 1 |
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version 12.1 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec ! hostname Router1 ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface Loopback0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface BRI0 no ip address dialer pool-member 1 !--- BRI 0 is a member of dialer pool 1 which is defined !--- under interface Dialer 1. isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface Dialer1 !--- DDR dialer interface to call Router 2. description for Router2 ip unnumbered Loopback0 encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 !--- Interface BRI 0 is a member of dialer pool 1. dialer enable-timeout 2 !--- The time (in seconds) to wait before initiating callback. dialer string 6121 !--- This number is used to call back Router 2. dialer caller 6121 callback !--- Permits calls from 6121 and initiates callback !--- to the same number. dialer-group 1 !--- Use dialer-list 1 to define interesting traffic. ! interface Dialer2 !--- This interface is used to authenticate calls from Router 3. !--- (Callback is NOT initiated to Router 3.) description for Router3 ip unnumbered Loopback0 encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 !--- Interface BRI 0 is a member of dialer pool 1. dialer caller 6101 !--- Permit calls from number 6101. dialer-group 1 !--- Use dialer-list 1 to define interesting traffic. ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit !--- Define IP as interesting traffic. |
路由器 2 |
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version 12.1 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime ms ! hostname Router2 ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface BRI0 no ip address encapsulation ppp dialer pool-member 1 isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface Dialer1 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 dialer string 6122 !--- The number to dial for Router 1 !--- (which initiates a callback). dialer caller 6122 !--- Accept calls from 6122 (Router 1). dialer-group 1 no cdp enable ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit |
路由器 3 |
---|
version 12.1 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec ! hostname Router3 ! isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface BRI0 no ip address encapsulation ppp dialer pool-member 1 isdn switch-type basic-net3 ! interface Dialer1 ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0 dialer pool 1 encapsulation ppp dialer string 6122 !--- The number to dial for Router 1. dialer-group 1 no cdp enable ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit |
注意:在大多数回叫情况下,客户端路由器会拨打回叫服务器。然后,两台路由器协商回叫参数。服务器断开呼叫并发起回叫。在初始呼叫断开和回叫之间的时间间隔内,主叫方在等待服务器回叫时,可能会向服务器发出少量连续的去话呼叫。这是正常的DDR行为,因为客户端检测到初始呼叫失败且不知道正在进行回叫。
在主叫端发出dialer redial命令,以防止客户端持续拨打回叫服务器。这会在等待回叫时抑制对服务器的其他传出呼叫。在预定义计时器到期之前,呼叫被抑制。例如,如果拨号器重拨间隔时间为15秒,则客户端在发起重拨之前等待15秒。回叫已完成,客户端无需在此时间内再次拨号。
有关实施拨号器重拨的详细信息,请参阅在回叫尝试失败后配置重拨计时器。
使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。
命令输出解释程序(仅限注册用户)(OIT) 支持某些 show 命令。使用 OIT 可查看对 show 命令输出的分析。
OIT支持某些show命令,它允许您查看对show命令输出的分析。
show isdn active — 显示有关当前呼叫的信息并提供有关传入和传出当前ISDN呼叫的信息。
show users — 显示有关路由器上活动线路的信息。如果您的Cisco IOS版本支持show caller命令,您也可以使用该命令。
show dialer — 显示为DDR配置的接口的常规诊断信息。
Router1#show isdn active --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISDN ACTIVE CALLS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Call Calling Called Remote Seconds Seconds Seconds Charges Type Number Number Name Used Left Idle Units/Currency --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Out 6121 6121 24 96 23 0 In 6101 6101 7 113 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
请注意,一个来电和一个去电正在进行中。外发呼叫的号码为6121,与路由器2对应。传入呼叫的号码为6101,与路由器3对应。另请注意,由于未配置PPP身份验证,因此在“远程名称”字段中使用号码标识远程路由器,而不是名称。
Router1#show user Line User Host(s) Idle Location * 0 con 0 idle 00:00:00 BR0:1 Sync PPP 00:00:33 PPP: 10.0.0.2 BR0:2 Sync PPP 00:00:15 PPP: 10.0.0.3 Interface User Mode Idle Peer Address
请注意,一个B通道用于连接到路由器2,而另一个B通道用于连接到路由器3。检验IP地址是否与路由器2和路由器3上配置的IP地址匹配。
使用本部分可排除配置故障。
命令输出解释程序(仅限注册用户)(OIT) 支持某些 show 命令。使用 OIT 可查看对 show 命令输出的分析。
注意:在使用debug命令之前,请参阅有关Debug命令的重要信息。
debug dialer [events |数据包]
debug isdn event
debug isdn q931
debug ppp negotiation — 在协商PPP组件(包括链路控制协议(LCP)、身份验证和网络控制协议(NCP))时显示有关PPP流量和交换的信息。一个成功的PPP协商协议首先开启LCP状态,然后是鉴权,最后协商NCP。
如果遇到ISDN下层问题,请参阅使用show isdn status命令排除BRI故障。
Router1#show debug Dial on demand: Dial on demand events debugging is on PPP: PPP protocol negotiation debugging is on ISDN: ISDN Q931 packets debugging is on
本部分显示路由器1的调试输出,并显示路由器2呼叫路由器1。路由器1随后向路由器2发起回叫并建立连接。
注意:其中一些调试输出行被分成多行以用于打印。
*Mar 1 04:50:34.782: ISDN BR0: RX <- SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x0B *Mar 1 04:50:34.790: Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 *Mar 1 04:50:34.798: Channel ID i = 0x89 *Mar 1 04:50:34.802: Calling Party Number i = 0xA1, '6121 ',Plan:ISDN, Type:National !--- Calling party information is provided by the switch. *Mar 1 04:50:34.818: Called Party Number i = 0xC1, '6122',Plan:ISDN, Type:Subscriber(local) !--- Called party information is provided by the switch. *Mar 1 04:50:34.838: ISDN BR0: Event: Received a DATA call from 6121 on B1at 64 Kb/s *Mar 1 04:50:34.842: BR0:1 DDR: Caller id 6121 matched to profile !--- The ISDN call (from Router 2) is authenticated. *Mar 1 04:50:34.842: Di1 DDR: Caller id Callback server starting to 6121 !--- Initiates callback to 6121. *Mar 1 04:50:34.866: ISDN BR0: TX -> RELEASE_COMP pd = 8 callref = 0x8B *Mar 1 04:50:34.870: Cause i = 0x8095 - Call rejected *Mar 1 04:50:36.778: ISDN BR0: RX <- SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x0C *Mar 1 04:50:36.786: Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 *Mar 1 04:50:36.794: Channel ID i = 0x89 *Mar 1 04:50:36.798: Calling Party Number i = 0xA1, '6121',Plan:ISDN, Type:National *Mar 1 04:50:36.814: Called Party Number i = 0xC1, '6122',Plan:ISDN, Type:Subscriber(local) *Mar 1 04:50:36.834: ISDN BR0: Event: Received a DATA call from 6121 on B1at 64 Kb/s *Mar 1 04:50:36.838: BR0:1 DDR: Caller id 6121 matched to profile *Mar 1 04:50:36.838: Di1 DDR: callback to 6121 already started *Mar 1 04:50:36.862: ISDN BR0: TX -> RELEASE_COMP pd = 8 callref = 0x8C *Mar 1 04:50:36.866: Cause i = 0x8095 - Call rejected !--- Reject call (then initiate callback). *Mar 1 04:50:36.878: DDR: Callback timer expired !--- The timer is configured with the dialer enable-timeout command. *Mar 1 04:50:36.878: Di1 DDR: beginning callback to 6121 *Mar 1 04:50:36.882: BR0 DDR: rotor dialout [priority] *Mar 1 04:50:36.882: BR0 DDR: Dialing cause Callback return call !--- The dialing cause is callback. *Mar 1 04:50:36.886: BR0 DDR: Attempting to dial 6121 !--- Dialing 6121 (Router 2). *Mar 1 04:50:36.902: ISDN BR0: TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x0E *Mar 1 04:50:36.906: Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 *Mar 1 04:50:36.914: Channel ID i = 0x83 *Mar 1 04:50:36.922: Called Party Number i = 0x80, '6121',Plan:Unknown, Type:Unknown *Mar 1 04:50:36.998: ISDN BR0: RX <- CALL_PROC pd = 8 callref = 0x8E *Mar 1 04:50:37.002: Channel ID i = 0x89 *Mar 1 04:50:37.402: ISDN BR0: RX <- CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x8E *Mar 1 04:50:37.418: ISDN BR0: TX -> CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x0E *Mar 1 04:50:37.426: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up !--- The interface is up. *Mar 1 04:50:37.446: DDR: Freeing callback to 6121 *Mar 1 04:50:37.446: BRI0:1: interface must be fifo queue, force FIFO *Mar 1 04:50:37.450: BR0:1 PPP: Phase is DOWN, Setup *Mar 1 04:50:37.454: BR0:1 PPP: Treating connection as a callout *Mar 1 04:50:37.454: BR0:1 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Active Open *Mar 1 04:50:37.462: BR0:1 LCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.462: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0xE1288054 (0x0506E1288054) *Mar 1 04:50:37.466: %DIALER-6-BIND: Interface BR0:1 bound to profile Di1 *Mar 1 04:50:37.478: BR0:1 PPP: Treating connection as a callout *Mar 1 04:50:37.486: BR0:1 LCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 2 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.490: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0x000F4499 (0x0506000F4499) *Mar 1 04:50:37.494: BR0:1 LCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 2 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.498: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0x000F4499 (0x0506000F4499) *Mar 1 04:50:37.502: BR0:1 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 1 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.506: BR0:1 LCP: MagicNumber 0xE1288054 (0x0506E1288054) *Mar 1 04:50:37.506: BR0:1 LCP: State is Open !--- The LCP negotiation is complete. *Mar 1 04:50:37.510: BR0:1 PPP: Phase is UP *Mar 1 04:50:37.514: BR0:1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.518: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.1 (0x03060A000001) *Mar 1 04:50:37.522: BR0:1 IPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 2 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.526: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.2 (0x03060A000002) *Mar 1 04:50:37.530: BR0:1 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 2 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.534: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.2 (0x03060A000002) *Mar 1 04:50:37.550: BR0:1 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 1 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:37.550: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.1 (0x03060A000001) !--- IPCP address negotiation. *Mar 1 04:50:37.554: BR0:1 IPCP: State is Open *Mar 1 04:50:37.562: BR0:1 DDR: dialer protocol up *Mar 1 04:50:37.570: Di1 IPCP: Install route to 10.0.0.2 !--- Route to Router 2 is installed. *Mar 1 04:50:38.510: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on InterfaceBRI0:1, changed state to up
在本节中,调试输出显示Router 3呼叫Router 1。然后,根据主叫方ID信息对Router 3进行身份验证,并在没有回叫的情况下连接到Router 1。
*Mar 1 04:50:54.230: ISDN BR0: RX <- SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x0D !--- Receive a call setup. *Mar 1 04:50:54.238: Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 *Mar 1 04:50:54.242: Channel ID i = 0x8A *Mar 1 04:50:54.250: Calling Party Number i = 0xA1, '6101',Plan:ISDN, Type:National !--- Calling party (Router 3) information is provided by the switch. *Mar 1 04:50:54.266: Called Party Number i = 0xC1, '6122',Plan:ISDN, Type:Subscriber(local) !--- Called party (Router 1) information is provided by the switch. *Mar 1 04:50:54.286: ISDN BR0: Event: Received a DATA call from 6101 on B2at 64 Kb/s *Mar 1 04:50:54.290: BR0:2 DDR: Caller id 6101 matched to profile !--- The ISDN call (from Router 3) is authenticated. *Mar 1 04:50:54.290: BRI0:2: interface must be FIFO queue, force FIFO *Mar 1 04:50:54.294: BR0:2 PPP: Phase is DOWN, Setup *Mar 1 04:50:54.298: %DIALER-6-BIND: Interface BR0:2 bound to profile Di2 !--- The interface is bound to interface Dialer 2. *Mar 1 04:50:54.314: ISDN BR0: TX -> CALL_PROC pd = 8 callref = 0x8D *Mar 1 04:50:54.318: Channel ID i = 0x8A *Mar 1 04:50:54.326: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to up *Mar 1 04:50:54.350: BR0:2 PPP: Treating connection as a callin *Mar 1 04:50:54.354: BR0:2 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Passive Open *Mar 1 04:50:54.354: BR0:2 LCP: State is Listen *Mar 1 04:50:54.630: ISDN BR0: TX -> CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x8D *Mar 1 04:50:54.698: ISDN BR0: RX <- CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x0D *Mar 1 04:50:54.706: Channel ID i = 0x8A *Mar 1 04:50:54.766: BR0:2 LCP: I CONFREQ [Listen] id 31 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.770: BR0:2 LCP: MagicNumber 0x099285FD (0x0506099285FD) *Mar 1 04:50:54.774: BR0:2 LCP: O CONFREQ [Listen] id 1 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.778: BR0:2 LCP: MagicNumber 0xE128C3F7 (0x0506E128C3F7) *Mar 1 04:50:54.782: BR0:2 LCP: O CONFACK [Listen] id 31 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.786: BR0:2 LCP: MagicNumber 0x099285FD (0x0506099285FD) *Mar 1 04:50:54.790: BR0:2 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 1 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.794: BR0:2 LCP: MagicNumber 0xE128C3F7 (0x0506E128C3F7) *Mar 1 04:50:54.798: BR0:2 LCP: State is Open !--- LCP negotiation is complete. *Mar 1 04:50:54.802: BR0:2 PPP: Phase is UP *Mar 1 04:50:54.806: BR0:2 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.810: BR0:2 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.1 (0x03060A000001) *Mar 1 04:50:54.814: BR0:2 IPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 17 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.818: BR0:2 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.3 (0x03060A000003) *Mar 1 04:50:54.822: BR0:2 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 17 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.826: BR0:2 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.3 (0x03060A000003) *Mar 1 04:50:54.830: BR0:2 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 1 Len 10 *Mar 1 04:50:54.834: BR0:2 IPCP: Address 10.0.0.1 (0x03060A000001) !--- IPCP address negotiation is complete. *Mar 1 04:50:54.834: BR0:2 IPCP: State is Open *Mar 1 04:50:54.842: BR0:2 DDR: dialer protocol up *Mar 1 04:50:54.850: Di2 IPCP: Install route to 10.0.0.3 !--- Route to Router 3 is installed. *Mar 1 04:50:55.802: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on InterfaceBRI0:2, changed state to up
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
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1.0 |
29-Jan-2008 |
初始版本 |