使用MP-BGP EVPN控制平面配置和验证VXLAN

简介

本文档介绍了采用 MP-BGP EVPN 控制平面的 VXLAN 配置。 

先决条件

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

• MPLS 第 3 层 VPN
• MP-BGP也会有所帮助。 

使用的组件

本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息

本文档还显示了示例网络方案及其配置，以及验证和加深理解的相关输出。

VXLAN 旨在实现网络虚拟化。它是 UDP 封装形式的 MAC。第 2 层基础设施扩展到第 3 层底层网络上，以提供简化的服务，不受数据中心内服务器的物理和地理位置限制。

本文档介绍带 MP-BGP EVPN 控制平面的 VXLAN。这意味着在重叠基础设施中使用 BGP 协议来发送和接收更新。

传统的网络部署中会使用 STP，这会导致某些上行链路永久处于阻塞状态。在 VXLAN 设计中，所有上行链路均正常运行，并且 ECMP 得到利用，因为底层基础设施是 IP 网络。

本文档不全面讨论这些细节，但会讨论下面的一些重要术语。

VXLAN — 虚拟可扩展LAN

MP-BGP — 多协议BGP

EVPN — 以太网VPN

VTEP — 虚拟隧道终端。也称为枝叶。这是数据包的封装和解封位置。

主干 - 这与 MPLS L3 VPN 中的路由反射器非常相似。此设备从一个 VTEP 获取更新并将其传递到其他 VTEP。

VNI - VXLAN 网络标识符。这主要用于为第 2 层边界提供隔离。此字段的长度为 24 位，因此它消除了传统 VLAN 存在的范围限制。VTEP中的VNI映射到传统vlan。这将在稍后讨论。

  

配置 

网络图

上图用于配置和验证方面。此图从 VXLAN 基础设施的角度介绍了非 VPC、VPC、VNI 内、VNI 间和外部连接配置。 

配置 

VTEP1

! Enabling features

nv overlay evpn
feature ospf
feature bgp
feature pim
feature interface-vlan
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature lacp
feature vpc
feature nv overlay

!

fabric forwarding anycast-gateway-mac 0001.0001.0001 ! This is needed for seamless VM mobility across VTEPS,this configuration is  same on all VTEPS.
ip pim rp-address 192.168.9.9 group-list 224.0.0.0/4 ! SPINE is the RP.

!
ip pim ssm range 232.0.0.0/8

!
vlan 1,10,30,40,100,200

!
vlan 10 ! VLAN 10 is used as layer3 VNI to route Inter-VNI traffic.
 name L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 vn-segment 10000010
 vlan 30 ! The Host A resides on Vlan 30, The below command 'maps' vlan 30 with VNID 10000030.
 vn-segment 10000030
!
vrf context EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10 ! Defining layer3 vrf for Inter-VNI traffic.
 vni 10000010
 rd auto
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 route-target both auto
 route-target both auto evpn

!

interface Vlan10 ! Layer3 VNI associated interface vlan does not have an ip address.
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip forward

!

interface Vlan30 ! Associating the Host A Vlan with layer3 vrf.
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip address 172.16.30.1/24
 fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway ! This is needed for seamless VM mobility across VTEPS, same on all VTEPS.

!

interface nve1 ! Nve is logical interface where VXLAN packets are encapsulated and decapsulated.
 no shutdown
 source-interface loopback2
 host-reachability protocol bgp ! This means BGP control plane is used to exchange updates.
 member vni 10000010 associate-vrf ! associate-vrf is used for for layer3 vni.
 member vni 10000030
 suppress-arp 
 mcast-group 239.1.1.10 ! A vlan or set of vlans mapped to VNI can be given identical multicast address, this is used for controlled flooding of arp requests.
!                                      

interface Ethernet1/2 ! Ospf with PIM is used as Underlay.
 description "Going to Spine"
 no switchport
 ip address 192.168.19.1/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface Ethernet1/11 ! Port to Host A.
 switchport mode trunk

!

interface loopback2 ! Loopback for BGP Peering.
 description "Loopback for "BGP"
 ip address 192.168.11.11/32
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode

!

router ospf UNDERLAY

!
router bgp 65000
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 neighbor 192.168.9.9 ! Peering with SPINE.
 remote-as 65000
 update-source loopback2
 address-family ipv4 unicast 
 address-family l2vpn evpn 
 send-community extended
 vrf EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10  
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 advertise l2vpn evpn

!
evpn
 vni 10000030 l2 
 rd auto ! RD is default calculated as VNI:BGP Router ID
 route-target import auto ! RT is default calculated as BGP AS:VNI
 route-target export auto

VTEP2 

!

nv overlay evpn
feature ospf
feature bgp
feature pim
feature interface-vlan
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature lacp
feature vpc
feature nv overlay

!

fabric forwarding anycast-gateway-mac 0001.0001.0001

!
ip pim rp-address 192.168.9.9 group-list 224.0.0.0/4

!
ip pim ssm range 232.0.0.0/8
vlan 1,10,30,40,100

!
vlan 10 ! This VTEP is dedicated for external connectivity, there is only layer3 VNI config.
 name L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 vn-segment 10000010

!

vrf context EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10 ! Defining layer3 vrf for Inter-VNI traffic.
 vni 10000010
 rd auto
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 route-target both auto
 route-target both auto evpn

!

interface Vlan10 ! Layer3 VNI associated interface vlan does not have an ip address.
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip forward

!

interface Vlan100 ! This vlan is used to peer with external EBGP Peer.
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip address 192.168.1.2/24

!

interface nve1
 no shutdown
 source-interface loopback2
 host-reachability protocol bgp
 member vni 10000010 associate-vrf

!

interface Ethernet1/2 ! Ospf and PIM are used in Underlay.
 description "Going to Spine"
 no switchport
 ip address 192.168.29.2/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface Ethernet1/12 ! Port to External Peer.
 switchport mode trunk

!

interface loopback2
 ip address 192.168.22.22/32
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode

!

router ospf UNDERLAY

!
router bgp 65000
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 neighbor 192.168.9.9 ! Peering with SPINE.
 remote-as 65000
 update-source loopback2
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 send-community extended
 vrf EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 advertise l2vpn evpn
 neighbor 192.168.1.1 ! Peering with External Peer, under vrf.
 remote-as 65111
 update-source Vlan100
 address-family ipv4 unicast 

VTEP3

针对 VTEP3 和 VTEP1 的配置几乎完全相同。唯一的区别是 VPC 以及用于 vlan 40 的额外第 2 层 VNI。

!

nv overlay evpn
feature ospf
feature bgp
feature pim
feature interface-vlan
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature lacp
feature vpc
feature nv overlay

!

fabric forwarding anycast-gateway-mac 0001.0001.0001

!
ip pim rp-address 192.168.9.9 group-list 224.0.0.0/4

!
ip pim ssm range 232.0.0.0/8

!
vlan 1,10,20,30,40

!
vlan 10
 name L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 vn-segment 10000010

!
vlan 30
 vn-segment 10000030

!
vlan 40 ! New host vlan 40.
 vn-segment 10000040

!

vpc domain 2 ! Vpc Configs.
 peer-keepalive destination 10.197.204.103 source 10.197.204.106

!

interface Vlan10
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip forward

!

interface Vlan30
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip address 172.16.30.1/24

!
 fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway

!

interface Vlan40 
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip address 172.16.40.1/24

!
 fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway

!

interface port-channel2 
 switchport mode trunk
 vpc 2

!

interface port-channel34
 switchport mode trunk
 spanning-tree port type network
 vpc peer-link

!

interface nve1
 no shutdown
 source-interface loopback2
 host-reachability protocol bgp
 member vni 10000010 associate-vrf
 member vni 10000030
 suppress-arp
 mcast-group 239.1.1.10
 member vni 10000040 !New layer2 VNI for Vlan 40.
 suppress-arp
 mcast-group 239.1.1.20

!

interface Ethernet1/1 ! Connected to VTEP4.
 switchport mode trunk
 channel-group 34 mode active

!

interface Ethernet1/2
 description "going to Spine"
 no switchport
 ip address 192.168.39.3/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface Ethernet1/13 ! Connected to N5K, which simulates Host C and D.
 switchport mode trunk
 channel-group 2 mode active

!

interface loopback2
 description "loopback for Bgp"
 ip address 192.168.33.33/32
 ip address 192.168.33.34/32 secondary! For other VTEPs VTEP3 and VTEP4 look as single entity.
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0!This secondary address is needed in Vpc designs.

!

router ospf UNDERLAY

!
router bgp 65000
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 neighbor 192.168.9.9 remote-as 100
 remote-as 65000
 update-source loopback2
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 send-community extended
 vrf EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 advertise l2vpn evpn

!
evpn
 vni 10000030 l2
 rd auto
 route-target import auto
 route-target export auto
 vni 10000040 l2
 rd auto
 route-target import auto
 route-target export auto 

VTEP4 

!

nv overlay evpn
feature ospf
feature bgp
feature pim
feature interface-vlan
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature lacp
feature vpc
feature nv overlay

!

fabric forwarding anycast-gateway-mac 0001.0001.0001

!
ip pim rp-address 192.168.9.9 group-list 224.0.0.0/4

!
ip pim ssm range 232.0.0.0/8

!
vlan 1,10,20,30,40

!
vlan 10
 name L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 vn-segment 10000010

!
vlan 30
 vn-segment 10000030

!
vlan 40
 vn-segment 10000040

!
vrf context EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 vni 10000010
 rd auto
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 route-target both auto
 route-target both auto evpn

!

interface Vlan10
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip forward

!

interface Vlan30
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip address 172.16.30.1/24

!
 fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway

!

interface Vlan40
 no shutdown
 vrf member EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 ip address 172.16.40.1/24

!
 fabric forwarding mode anycast-gateway

!

interface port-channel2
 switchport mode trunk
 vpc 2

!

interface port-channel34
 switchport mode trunk
 spanning-tree port type network
 vpc peer-link

!

interface nve1
 no shutdown
 source-interface loopback2
 host-reachability protocol bgp
 member vni 10000010 associate-vrf
 member vni 10000030
 suppress-arp
 mcast-group 239.1.1.10
 member vni 10000040
 suppress-arp
 mcast-group 239.1.1.20

!

interface Ethernet1/1 ! Connected to VTEP3.
 switchport mode trunk
 channel-group 34 mode active

!

interface Ethernet1/2
 description "going to spine"
 no switchport
 ip address 192.168.49.4/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface Ethernet1/13 ! Connected to N5K, which simulates Host C and D.
 switchport mode trunk
 channel-group 2 mode active

!

router ospf UNDERLAY

!
router bgp 65000
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 neighbor 192.168.9.9 remote-as 100
 remote-as 65000
 update-source loopback2
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 send-community extended
 vrf EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 advertise l2vpn evpn

!
evpn
 vni 10000030 l2
 rd auto
 route-target import auto
 route-target export auto
 vni 10000040 l2
 rd auto
 route-target import auto
 route-target export auto 

主干 

!

nv overlay evpn
feature ospf
feature bgp
feature pim
feature interface-vlan
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature lacp
feature vpc
feature nv overlay

!
ip pim rp-address 192.168.9.9 group-list 224.0.0.0/4

!
ip pim ssm range 232.0.0.0/8

!

interface Ethernet1/1 ! To VTEP1.
 ip address 192.168.19.9/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface Ethernet1/2 ! To VTEP2.
 ip address 192.168.29.9/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface Ethernet1/3 ! To VTEP3.
 ip address 192.168.39.9/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface Ethernet1/4 ! To VTEP4.
 ip address 192.168.49.9/24
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no shutdown

!

interface loopback1 ! SPINE is RP(Rendezvous Point).
 ip address 192.168.9.9/32
 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0
 ip pim sparse-mode

!

router ospf UNDERLAY

!
router bgp 65000
 log-neighbor-changes
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 retain route-target all
 template peer VTEP-PEERS
 remote-as 65000
 update-source loopback1
 address-family ipv4 unicast
 send-community both
 route-reflector-client ! Spine treats VTEPs as Route-Reflector Clients.
 address-family l2vpn evpn
 send-community both
 route-reflector-client
 neighbor 192.168.11.11 ! VTEP1.
 inherit peer VTEP-PEERS
 neighbor 192.168.22.22 ! VTEP2.
 inherit peer VTEP-PEERS
 neighbor 192.168.33.33 ! VTEP3.
 inherit peer VTEP-PEERS
 neighbor 192.168.44.44 ! VTEP4.
 inherit peer VTEP-PEERS 

主机 A

主机 A 用 3750 交换机模拟。

! This port is the uplink to VTEP1.

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk

!

interface Vlan30
 ip address 172.16.30.33 255.255.255.0

!

! Below the default route to VTEP1.

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.30.1

主机 B 

主机B是外部对等设备。此处使用N5K。 

!

router bgp 65111
 address-family ipv4 unicast

!
 network 172.16.2.2/32 ! Advertsing the external subnet to VXLAN infrastructure.
 neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 65000 ! EBGP Peering with VTEP2.
 address-family ipv4 unicast

!

interface loopback1
 ip address 172.16.2.2/32

!

interface Ethernet1/19 ! Uplink port to VTEP2.
 switchport mode trunk

!

interface Vlan100 
 no shutdown
 ip address 192.168.1.1/24 

主机 C 和 D

主机 C 和 D 用 Nexus5k 模拟（将 IP 地址保留在不同的 vrf 中）。

!

vrf context vni30 ! This vrf simulates the HOST C.
 ip route 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.30.1
vrf context vni40 ! This vrf simulates the HOST D.
 ip route 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.40.1

!

interface Vlan30 ! Addressing for HOST C.
 no shutdown
vrf member vni30
 ip address 172.16.30.2/24

!

interface Vlan40 ! Addressing for HOST D.
 no shutdown
 vrf member vni40
 ip address 172.16.40.2/24

!

interface Ethernet1/20 ! Uplink port to VTEP3 in Port-Channel.
 switchport mode trunk
 channel-group 2 mode active

!

interface Ethernet1/21 ! Uplink port to VTEP4 in Port-Channel.
 switchport mode trunk
 channel-group 2 mode active< /pre>

验证 

从主机 A 到外部主机 B 的连接

HOST_A#ping 172.16.2.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/9 ms

从主机 A 到主机 C 的连接（内部 VNI）

HOST_A#ping 172.16.30.2 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.30.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/9 ms

从主机 A 到主机 D 的连接（VNI 间）

HOST_A#ping 172.16.40.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.40.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/9 ms

主机 B 的路由表（外部对等体）

N5K-5672-1# show ip route bgp
IP Route Table for VRF "default"
'*' denotes best ucast next-hop
'**' denotes best mcast next-hop
'[x/y]' denotes [preference/metric]
'%<string>' in via output denotes VRF <string>

172.16.30.2/32, ubest/mbest: 1/0, pending  ! Host route for Host C.
 *via 192.168.1.2, [20/0], 00:00:22, bgp-65100, external, tag 65000, 
172.16.30.33/32, ubest/mbest: 1/0, pending ! Host route for Host A.
 *via 192.168.1.2, [20/0], 00:00:22, bgp-65100, external, tag 65000, 
172.16.40.2/32, ubest/mbest: 1/0, pending  ! Host route for Host D.
 *via 192.168.1.2, [20/0], 00:00:22, bgp-65100, external, tag 65000,

可以观察到主机路由已成功通告到此外部 BGP 对等体。

控制平面验证

• 此命令显示具有VNID的传统vlan的映射。

 VTEP1# show vxlan
Vlan VN-Segment
==== ==========
10 10000010
30 10000030
40 10000040

• 接下来是检查是否在VTEP上本地学习了MAC。

 VTEP1# show mac address-table vlan 30
Legend: 
 * - primary entry, G - Gateway MAC, (R) - Routed MAC, O - Overlay MAC
 age - seconds since last seen,+ - primary entry using vPC Peer-Link,
 (T) - True, (F) - False
 VLAN MAC Address Type age Secure NTFY Ports
---------+-----------------+--------+---------+------+----+------------------
* 30 0006.f63f.e3c1 dynamic 0 F F Eth1/11 ! Mac of HOST A
* 30 8c60.4ff2.f541 dynamic 0 F F nve1(192.168.33.34)! Mac of HOST C installed into mac address table, it was learned from BGP.
G 30 e00e.da2a.2393 static - F F sup-eth1(R)          

• 接下来检查路由是否已安装到 l2rib 中。

 VTEP1# show l2route evpn mac evi 30
Mac Address Prod Next Hop (s) 
-------------- ------ ---------------
0006.f63f.e3c1 Local Eth1/11 ! Mac of HOST A installed into l2rib. 
8c60.4ff2.f541 BGP 192.168.33.34 ! Mac of HOST C installed into l2rib learnt via BGP.

 VTEP1# show l2route evpn mac-ip evi 30
Mac Address Prod Host IP Next Hop (s) 
-------------- ---- --------------------------------------- ---------------
0006.f63f.e3c1 HMM 172.16.30.33 N/A 
8c60.4ff2.f541 BGP 172.16.30.2 192.168.33.34 ! Mac+IP of Host C learnt across the Vxlan Fabric.

VTEP1# show l2route evpn mac-ip evi 40
Mac Address Prod Host IP Next Hop (s) 
-------------- ---- --------------------------------------- ---------------
8c60.4ff2.f541 BGP 172.16.40.2 192.168.33.34 ! Mac+IP of Host D learnt across the Vxlan Fabric.

• 接下来检查 l2rib 是否将更新导出到 l2vpn evpn。

 VTEP1# show bgp l2vpn evpn vni-id 10000030
BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family L2VPN EVPN
BGP table version is 31, local router ID is 192.168.11.11
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-i
njected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 192.168.11.11:32797 (L2VNI 10000030)
*>l[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[0006.f63f.e3c1]:[0]:[0.0.0.0]/216 ! Mac of Host A in update.
 192.168.11.11 100 32768 i
*>i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[0]:[0.0.0.0]/216
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
* i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
*>l[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[0006.f63f.e3c1]:[32]:[172.16.30.33]/272 ! Mac and IP of Host A in update.
 192.168.11.11 100 32768 i
* i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[32]:[172.16.30.2]/272  ! Mac and IP of Host C in update from Spine.
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i                                       
*>i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i

• 接下来检查路由是否已通告到主干。

 VTEP1# show bgp l2vpn evpn nei 192.168.9.9 advertised-routes

Peer 192.168.9.9 routes for address family L2VPN EVPN:
BGP table version is 31, local router ID is 192.168.11.11
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-i
njected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup

 Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 192.168.11.11:32797 (L2VNI 10000030)
*>l[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[0006.f63f.e3c1]:[0]:[0.0.0.0]/216
 192.168.11.11 100 32768 i
*>l[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[0006.f63f.e3c1]:[32]:[172.16.30.33]/272 ! Mac and IP advertised to Spine.
 192.168.11.11 100 32768 i

• 接下来检查从主干接收的路由。

 VTEP1# show bgp l2vpn evpn nei 192.168.9.9 routes

Peer 192.168.9.9 routes for address family L2VPN EVPN:
BGP table version is 31, local router ID is 192.168.11.11
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-i
njected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 192.168.11.11:32797 (L2VNI 10000030)
*>i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[0]:[0.0.0.0]/216
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
* i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
* i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[32]:[172.16.30.2]/272 ! This is update from Host C in same VNID.
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i                                       
*>i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i

Route Distinguisher: 192.168.11.11:32807 (L2VNI 10000040)
*>i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[0]:[0.0.0.0]/216
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
* i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
* i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[32]:[172.16.40.2]/272 ! This is update from Host D in different VNID.
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i                                       
*>i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i

Route Distinguisher: 192.168.11.11:3 (L3VNI 10000010)
*>i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[32]:[172.16.30.2]/272
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
* i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
*>i[2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[32]:[172.16.40.2]/272
 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
* i 192.168.33.34 100 0 i
*>i[5]:[0]:[0]:[32]:[172.16.2.2]:[0.0.0.0]/224 ! ! This is update from External Host.
 192.168.22.22 100 0 65100 i

VTEP1# show ip bgp vrf EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10 
BGP routing table information for VRF EVPN-L3-VNI-VLAN-10, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 192.168.1.254
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup

Network            Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight    Path
*>i172.16.2.2/32   192.168.22.22   100      0       65111 i
*>i172.16.30.2/32  192.168.33.34   100      0       i
* i                192.168.33.34   100      0       i
*>i172.16.40.2/32  192.168.33.34   100      0       i
* i                192.168.33.34   100      0       i

• 在VTEP1中，仅配置VNID 10000030，并且已验证主机A的mac和ip是在本地获取的，并且也通告为evpn路由。此外还观察到，主机 C 中的更新也已收到并安装在此处。

  

• 在转发流量之前，nve对等体也可以启用。

VTEP1# show nve peers
Interface Peer-IP State LearnType Uptime Router-Mac 
--------- --------------- ----- --------- -------- -----------------
nve1 192.168.22.22 Up CP 01:39:15 0062.ecbf.5325 !  VTEP2
nve1 192.168.33.34 Up CP 01:40:09 f8c2.8823.275f !  VTEP3 and VTEP4 appear as single entity as both are in Vpc.   

                                    

VTEP1# sh bgp internal nve-peer-vni
PeerAddress VNI VrfID    GatewayMAC     TunnelID Encap EgressVNI F
 
192.168.22.22 10000010 1 0062.ecbf.5325 0xc0a81616 1    0    0 
192.168.33.34 10000010 1 0062.ecbf.4e4d 0xc0a82122 1    0    0 
192.168.33.34 10000010 1 f8c2.8823.275f 0xc0a82122 1    0    0 
192.168.33.34 10000030 1 0000.0000.0000 0x0        1    0    0 
192.168.33.34 10000040 1 0000.0000.0000 0x0        1    0    0 

                    

故障排除

• 如果检查了nve接口，则可以看到封装和解封计数器的增量。 

 VTEP1# show interface nve 1
nve1 is up
admin state is up, Hardware: NVE
 MTU 9216 bytes
 Encapsulation VXLAN
 Auto-mdix is turned off
 RX
 ucast: 133 pkts, 22344 bytes - mcast: 0 pkts, 0 bytes
 TX
 ucast: 134 pkts, 22512 bytes - mcast: 0 pkts, 0 bytes

• 如果将透明防火墙用于过滤，请确保允许关联端口。

VTEP1# show nve vxlan-params 
VxLAN Dest. UDP Port: 4789

•  检查用于 VNI 间路由的本地 VTEP MAC 地址。当VTEP位于vpc对中时，可以看到辅助地址。

 VTEP1# show nve interface
Interface: nve1, State: Up, encapsulation: VXLAN
 VPC Capability: VPC-VIP-Only [not-notified]
 Local Router MAC: e00e.da2a.2393
 Host Learning Mode: Control-Plane
 Source-Interface: loopback2 (primary: 192.168.11.11, secondary: 0.0.0.0)

• 检查远程 VTEPS MAC 地址和对等状态。

VTEP1# sh nve internal platform interface nve1 detail
Printing Interface ifindex 0x49000001 detail
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
|Intf |State |PriIP |SecIP |Vnis |Peers|
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
|nve1 |UP |192.168.11.11 |0.0.0.0 |3 |2 | ! Secondary Ip is 0.0.0.0 because this VTEP is not in vpc
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|

SW_BD/VNIs of interface nve1:
================================================
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|========
|Sw BD |Vni |State |Intf |Type|Vrf-ID|Notified
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|========
|10 |10000010|UP |nve1 |CP |3 |Yes 
|30 |10000030|UP |nve1 |CP |0 |Yes 
|40 |10000040|UP |nve1 |CP |0 |Yes 
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|========

Peers of interface nve1:
============================================

Peer_ip: 192.168.22.22
 Peer-ID : 1
 State : UP
 Learning : Disabled
 TunnelID : 0xc0a81616
 MAC : 0062.ecbf.5325
 Table-ID : 0x1
 Encap : 0x1

Peer_ip: 192.168.33.34 ! For both VTEP3 and VTEP4
 Peer-ID : 2
 State : UP
 Learning : Disabled
 TunnelID : 0xc0a82122
 MAC : 0062.ecbf.4e4d
 Table-ID : 0x1
 Encap : 0x1

• 检查 VTEP 对等体的对等连接时间和 VNI 信息。

 VTEP1# show nve peer detail
Details of nve Peers:
----------------------------------------

Peer-Ip: 192.168.22.22
 NVE Interface : nve1
 Peer State : Up
 Peer Uptime : 00:22:17

Router-Mac : 0062.ecbf.5325
 Peer First VNI : 10000010
 Time since Create : 00:22:17

Configured VNIs : 10000010,10000030,10000040
 Provision State : add-complete ! Hardware ready for forwarding.
 Route-Update : Yes
 Peer Flags : RmacL2Rib, TunnelPD, DisableLearn
 Learnt CP VNIs : 10000010
 Peer-ifindex-resp : Yes
----------------------------------------
Peer-Ip: 192.168.33.34
 NVE Interface : nve1
 Peer State : Up
 Peer Uptime : 00:22:10
 Router-Mac : 0062.ecbf.4e4d
 Peer First VNI : 10000010
 Time since Create : 00:22:10
 Configured VNIs : 10000010,10000030,10000040
 Provision State : add-complete ! Hardware ready for forwarding.
 Route-Update : Yes
 Peer Flags : RmacL2Rib, TunnelPD, DisableLearn
 Learnt CP VNIs : 10000010,10000030,10000040
 Peer-ifindex-resp : Yes
----------------------------------------

• 检查 BGP 如何与 EVI 交互，以及内部信息是如何构建的。以下显示了映射到 VNI 10000030 的 vlan 30 的示例。

VTEP1# sh bgp internal evi 10000030
*************************************************
L2RIB bound / VNI Req to L2RIB : Yes / 1
L2VNI Adds / Dels / ALL Dels from L2RIB : 4 / 3 / 1
 First L2VNI Add/Del : Dec 17 19:07:41.680736 / Dec 17 19:10:48.455562
 Last L2VNI Add/Del : Dec 17 19:11:13.916893 / Dec 17 19:10:48.455792
L3VNI Adds / Dels from L2RIB : 2 / 0 / 1
 First L3VNI Add/Del : Dec 17 19:07:41.681313 / never
 Last L3VNI Add/Del : Dec 17 19:11:11.838315 / never
 First/Last All VNI Del : Dec 17 19:10:48.455542 / Dec 17 19:10:48.455543
ALL VNI Del from L2RIB state (cleanup status) : All VNI Not Start (0x000006)
All VNI down loop count : 0
L2RIB is up/registered/local-req: 1/1
L2RIB down: in-prg/up-defer: 0/0
L2RIB register/failures: 1/0
L2RIB deregister/failures: 0/0
L2RIB flow control (#enabled/#disabled): Disabled (0/0)
*************************************************
BGP L2VPN/EVPN RD Information for 192.168.11.11:32797
 L2VNI ID : 10000030 (evi_10000030)
 #Prefixes Local/BRIB : 2 / 4
 #Paths L3VPN->EVPN/EVPN->L3VPN : 129 / 0
*************************************************
==============================================
BGP Configured VNI Information:
 evi_cfg : 0xd87786c8
 VNI ID (Index) : 10000030 (1)
 RD : 192.168.11.11:32797
 Export RTs : 1
 ExportRT cfg list:
 65000:10000030 (auto)
 Import RTs : 1
 ImportRT cfg list:
 65000:10000030 (auto)
 Topo Id : 30
 VTEP IP : 192.168.11.11
 VTEP VPC IP : 0.0.0.0
 Encap Type : 8
 Refcount : #00000003
 Enabled : Yes ! If this is no then check the NVE interface config for this VNID
 Delete Pending : No
 Creation Req : No
 Future RD : NULL
 evi_ctx : 0xd86e554c
 RD/Import RT/Export RT : Yes(Auto)/Yes/Yes
 MAC First Add/Del : Dec 17 19:11:12.45086 / never
 MAC Last Add/Del : Dec 17 19:11:12.45086 / never
 MAC IP First Add/Del : Dec 17 19:11:12.54976 / never
 MAC IP Last Add/Del : Dec 17 19:11:12.54977 / never
 IMET First Add/Del : never / never
 IMET Last Add/Del : never / never

==============================================
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
BGP VNI Information for evi_10000030 (0xd86e554c)
 L2VNI ID : 10000030 (evi_10000030)
 RD (rdinfo) : 192.168.11.11:32797 (0xd8811eb0)
 Prefixes (local/total) : 2/4
 Created : Dec 17 19:11:12.37640
 Last Oper Up/Down : Dec 17 19:11:12.37827 / never
 Enabled : Yes
 Delete pending : 0
 Stale : No
 Import pending : 0
 Import in progress : 0
 Encap : VxLAN
 Topo Id : 30
 VTEP IP : 192.168.11.11
 VTEP VPC IP : 0.0.0.0
Router-MAC : 0000.0000.0000
 Active Export RTs : 1
 Active Export RT list : 65000:10000030
 Config Export RTs : 1
 ExportRT cfg list:
 65000:10000030 (auto)
 Export RT chg/chg-pending : 0/0
 Active Import RTs : 1
 Active Import RT list : 65000:10000030
 Config Import RTs : 1
 ImportRT cfg list:
 65000:10000030 (auto)
 Import RT chg/chg-pending : 0/0
 IMET Reg/Unreg from L2RIB : 2/0
 MAC Reg/Unreg from L2RIB : 2/0
 MAC IP Reg/Unreg from L2RIB : 2/0
 IMET Add/Del from L2RIB : 0/0
 MAC Add/Del from L2RIB : 1/0
 MAC IP Add/Del from L2RIB : 1/0
 IMET Dnld/Wdraw to L2RIB : 0/0
 MAC Dnld/Wdraw to L2RIB : 1/0
 MAC IP Dnld/Wdraw to L2RIB : 1/0

• 当收到更新时，无论更新是VNI间或VNI内更新，请确保收到正确的路由目标(RT)，并且收到更新的VTEP具有相关配置。此处分析来自VTEP3的通过SPINE的更新，以确保RT一致性。VTEP1的本地状态RT和RD已显示在这些输出中。

  SPINE# show bgp l2vpn evpn 172.16.30.2 ! Update from Spine
  BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family L2VPN EVPN
  Route Distinguisher: 3.3.3.3:32797
  BGP routing table entry for [2]:[0]:[0]:[48]:[8c60.4ff2.f541]:[32]:[172.16.30.2]
  /272, version 25
  Paths: (1 available, best #1)
  Flags: (0x000202) on xmit-list, is not in l2rib/evpn, is not in HW,
  
  Advertised path-id 1
   Path type: internal, path is valid, is best path, remote nh not installed, no 
  labeled nexthop
   AS-Path: NONE, path sourced internal to AS
   192.168.33.34 (metric 5) from 192.168.33.33 (3.3.3.3)
   Origin IGP, MED not set, localpref 100, weight 0
   Received label 10000030 1000001
   Extcommunity: RT:65000:10000010 RT:65000:10000030 SOO:192.168.33.34:0 ENC
  AP:8 Router MAC:0062.ecbf.4e4d
  
  Path-id 1 advertised to peers:
   192.168.11.11 192.168.22.22 192.168.44.44