了解基本BGP故障排除
下载选项
已更新: 2024 年 2 月 7 日
文档 ID:220604
非歧视性语言
此产品的文档集力求使用非歧视性语言。在本文档集中，非歧视性语言是指不隐含针对年龄、残障、性别、种族身份、族群身份、性取向、社会经济地位和交叉性的歧视的语言。由于产品软件的用户界面中使用的硬编码语言、基于 RFP 文档使用的语言或引用的第三方产品使用的语言，文档中可能无法确保完全使用非歧视性语言。 深入了解思科如何使用包容性语言。
关于此翻译
思科采用人工翻译与机器翻译相结合的方式将此文档翻译成不同语言，希望全球的用户都能通过各自的语言得到支持性的内容。 请注意：即使是最好的机器翻译，其准确度也不及专业翻译人员的水平。 Cisco Systems, Inc. 对于翻译的准确性不承担任何责任，并建议您总是参考英文原始文档（已提供链接）。
简介
本文档介绍执行边界网关协议(BGP)故障排除和了解Nexus基本输出的过程。
先决条件
要求
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：
- Nexus交换机
- 调试输出中显示“BGP
使用的组件
本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
背景信息
BGP是大型网络中使用的外部网关协议，用于实现自治系统(ASes)之间的路由和可达性信息交换。它是支持Internet全局路由系统的核心路由协议。
确定为BGP对等体实施的配置
验证Nexus 9300上启用了BGP功能。
识别并理解BGP进程的配置。
switch# show running-config bgp
!Command: show running-config bgp
!Running configuration last done at: Tue Jul 18 19:45:05 2023
!Time: Tue Jul 18 19:45:44 2023
version 10.2(4) Bios:version 05.47
feature bgp
router bgp 64512 -> The AS number of the local BGP speaker.
router-id 172.17.255.255 -> BGP speaker identifier.
address-family ipv4 unicast -> Global address family configuration.
network 10.100.1.0/24 -> Specifies a network as local to this autonomous system and adds it to the BGP routing table.
redistribute direct route-map permit_all -> Routes redistribution from other routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, Static)
neighbor 10.1.1.1 -> IP address of the remote BGP peer.
remote-as 64512 -> The AS number of the remote BGP peer.*
address-family ipv4 unicast -> Local address family configuration.
prefix-list allow_in in -> Prefix-list applied at the inbound of the BGP peer. **
prefix-list allow_out out -> Prefix-list applied at the outbound of the BGP peer. **
soft-reconfiguration inbound always -> Store the inbound BGP route updates.
neighbor 172.18.255.255
remote-as 65535
update-source loopback10 -> Interface used to source BGP updates.
ebgp-multihop 3 -> Maximum hops to reach peer IP address, it modifies the TTL of the BGP packets
address-family ipv4 unicast
route-map block_route in -> Route-map applied at the inbound of the BGP peer. **
route-map no_local out -> Route-map applied at the outbound of the BGP peer. **
soft-reconfiguration inbound always
注意：在本地和远程配置的相同ASN标识iBGP会话，而配置的其他ASN标识eBGP会话。
路由映射的层次结构值比应用于同一对等体的前缀列表的层次结构值高。
如何理解基本BGP输出
BGP对等体状态
switch# show ip bgp summary
BGP summary information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP router identifier 172.17.255.255, local AS number 64512 -> Local BGP ID and ASN
BGP table version is 67, IPv4 Unicast config peers 2, capable peers 2
20 network entries and 19 paths using 5424 bytes of memory
BGP attribute entries [6/2112], BGP AS path entries [2/20]
BGP community entries [0/0], BGP clusterlist entries [0/0]
13 received paths for inbound soft reconfiguration
12 identical, 0 modified, 1 filtered received paths using 96 bytes
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.1.1.1 4 64512 346 334 67 0 0 05:25:12 8 -> BGP peer IP address, remote ASN, Time session has been established or down, amount of prefixes received.
172.18.255.255 4 65535 334 327 67 0 0 05:18:00 8
注：“打开/关闭”部分显示BGP对等会话已打开或关闭的时间。
State/PfxRcd部分显示会话当前处于的BGP状态。它显示建立状态时从其对等体获知的前缀的数量。
BGP状态 |
|
|---|---|
| 空闲 | 这是BGP等待“开始事件”的第一个状态。当某人配置新的BGP邻居或重置已建立的BGP对等时，会发生启动事件。 |
| 连接 | BGP正在等待TCP三次握手完成。成功后，它会继续进入OpenSent状态。如果它发生故障，我们继续进入“活动”状态。 |
| 主用 | BGP尝试另一个TCP三次握手以建立与远程BGP邻居的连接。如果成功，则转到OpenSent状态。如果ConnectRetry计时器过期，则我们返回到连接状态。 |
| OpenSent | 在此状态下，BGP等待来自远程BGP邻居的Open消息。 |
| OpenConfirm | BGP等待来自远程BGP邻居的keepalive消息。 |
| 已建立 | BGP邻居邻接关系完成，BGP路由器发送更新数据包以交换路由信息。 |
了解BGP对等体信息。
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 10.1.1.1
BGP neighbor is 10.1.1.1, remote AS 64512, ibgp link, Peer index 3 -> Peer IP address, remote ASN, type of bgp peering.
BGP version 4, remote router ID 172.16.255.255 -> BGP version, Peer Router ID
Neighbor previous state = OpenConfirm -> Previous BGP state
BGP state = Established, up for 00:05:29 -> Current BGP state and amount of time on it
Neighbor vrf: default -> VRF used for the peering.
Peer is directly attached, interface Ethernet1/49 -> Interface used to source the updates
Last read 00:00:28, hold time = 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds -> Amount of time from last keepalive received and BGP timers (default)
Last written 00:00:28, keepalive timer expiry due 00:00:31 -> Amount of time from last keepalive sent
Received 363 messages, 0 notifications, 0 bytes in queue
Sent 354 messages, 1 notifications, 0(0) bytes in queue
Enhanced error processing: On
0 discarded attributes
Connections established 2, dropped 1 -> Counters informing the amount of times the BGP seesion has gone up/down
Last update recd 00:05:28, Last update sent = 00:05:28 -> Timer of the last major bgp table update sent and received.
Last reset by us 00:06:21, due to holdtimer expired error -> Last reset timer and reset reason.
Last error length sent: 0
Reset error value sent: 0
Reset error sent major: 4 minor: 0
Notification data sent:
Last reset by peer never, due to No error
Last error length received: 0
Reset error value received 0
Reset error received major: 0 minor: 0
Notification data received:
Neighbor capabilities:
Dynamic capability: advertised (mp, refresh, gr) received (mp, refresh, gr)
Dynamic capability (old): advertised received
Route refresh capability (new): advertised received
Route refresh capability (old): advertised received
4-Byte AS capability: advertised received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised received
Graceful Restart capability: advertised received
Graceful Restart Parameters:
Address families advertised to peer:
IPv4 Unicast
Address families received from peer:
IPv4 Unicast
Forwarding state preserved by peer for:
Restart time advertised to peer: 120 seconds
Stale time for routes advertised by peer: 300 seconds
Restart time advertised by peer: 120 seconds
Extended Next Hop Encoding Capability: advertised received
Receive IPv6 next hop encoding Capability for AF:
IPv4 Unicast VPNv4 Unicast
Message statistics:
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 2 2
Notifications: 1 0
Updates: 22 20
Keepalives: 340 339
Route Refresh: 1 0
Capability: 2 2
Total: 354 363
Total bytes: 7949 7524
Bytes in queue: 0 0
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version 88, neighbor version 88
8 accepted prefixes (8 paths), consuming 2176 bytes of memory
0 received prefixes treated as withdrawn
11 sent prefixes (11 paths) -> Amount of prefixes advertises to peer.
Inbound soft reconfiguration allowed(always)
Third-party Nexthop will not be computed.
Inbound ip prefix-list configured is allow_in, handle obtained
Outbound ip prefix-list configured is allow_out, handle obtained
Last End-of-RIB received 00:00:01 after session start
Last End-of-RIB sent 00:00:01 after session start
First convergence 00:00:01 after session start with 11 routes sent
Local host: 10.1.1.2, Local port: 28262
Foreign host: 10.1.1.1, Foreign port: 179
fd = 73
了解BGP表
此输出显示BGP表中获取的所有前缀的状态、下一跳、度量、本地优先级、权重和AS路径。
switch# show ip bgp
BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>r10.1.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
*>i10.100.1.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.2.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.3.0/24 10.1.1.1 150 0 i
*>i10.100.4.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.5.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.6.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.7.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.8.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>r172.17.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>r192.168.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
前缀会通告给特定BGP邻居。
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 advertised-routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i10.100.1.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.2.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.3.0/24 10.1.1.1 150 0 i
*>i10.100.4.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.5.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.6.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.7.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.8.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
在任何过滤器（前缀列表和/或路由映射）之前从BGP对等体接收的前缀*
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 received-routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* e172.18.255.255/32 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
备注
在过滤器（前缀列表和/或路由映射）后从BGP对等体接收的前缀
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
特定前缀的详细路径信息。
switch# show ip bgp 172.30.6.0
BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP routing table entry for 172.30.6.0/24, version 28 -> Prefix and mask
Paths: (3 available, best #3) -> Number of possible paths and which one is selected as best option
Flags: (0x8000001a) (high32 00000000) on xmit-list, is in urib, is best urib route, is in HW
Path type: external, path is valid, not best reason: Router Id, no labeled nexthop
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS -> As Path to reach the prefix*
172.20.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.20.255.255 (172.20.255.255) -> Next hop towards the prefix
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Path type: external, path is valid, not best reason: newer EBGP path, no labeled nexthop
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS
172.19.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.19.255.255 (172.19.255.255)
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Advertised path-id 1
Path type: external, path is valid, is best path, no labeled nexthop, in rib -> Path selection motive
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS
172.18.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.18.255.255 (172.18.255.255)
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Path-id 1 advertised to peers: -> BGP peers were the prefix is advertised
10.1.1.2
注:*AS-Path表示到达前缀源位置所经过的ASN。
**AS路径从右到左读取。
要查看BGP中的最佳路径选择过程，请参阅BGP最佳路径选择。
相关信息
修订历史记录
| 版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
2.0 |
07-Feb-2024 |
首次公开发布 |
1.0 |
21-Jul-2023 |
初始版本 |
由思科工程师提供
- 劳尔·约森·迪奥斯达多·奥尔蒂斯技术咨询工程师
反馈