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本文档介绍中间系统到中间系统(ISIS)连接位的行为。
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题:
本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您使用的是真实网络,请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。
以下是关于ISIS的几件事和附加行为。
1.在ISIS网络中,有3种路由器:1级(L1)路由器、2级(L2)路由器和1级(L1L2)路由器。
2.与OSPF一样,ISIS将L2区域作为主干区域。
3.连接到两个区域(即1级和2级)的路由器称为L1L2路由。
4. OSPF具有多区域的概念,以限制最短路径优先(SPF)计算范围,同样,ISIS中也有不同区域的原因。
5. 1级和2级ISIS路由器分别生成1级和2级链路状态PDU(LSP)。L1L2路由器同时生成LSP(即第1级和第2级)。
6.如果第1级路由器需要到达L2网络,则第1级路由器会将数据包发送到L1L2路由器以到达主干区域。
7.默认情况下,第2级路由器不会由L1L2路由器泄漏到第1级区域,但第1级路由器始终传播到第2级区域。
8.为了到达第2级区域,L1L2路由器在第1级LSP中设置Attach位。1级路由器在路由表中安装默认路由,此路由指向L1L2路由器。
9.如果网络有多台L1L2路由器连接同一L1区域,则可能导致次优路由,因为2级路由不会流入1级区域。1级区域仅安装指向L1L2路由器(最近)的默认路由。将2级路由泄漏到1级可以克服这些限制。
请考虑此网络拓扑,以了解环路防御技术。
R1#sh run int lo 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 82 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip router isis 1
end
R1#sh run int ethernet 0/0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 127 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.10.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
isis circuit-type level-1
end
R1#sh run int ethernet 0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 111 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 10.10.13.1 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
isis circuit-type level-1
end
!
router isis 1
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00 >>>>> Area is 49.0001
is-type level-1 >>>>>>>>>> Globally this router belongs to Level1
R2#sh run int lo 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 82 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip router isis 1
end
R2#sh run int eth0/0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 111 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.10.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
isis circuit-type level-1 >>>>>> Circuit type is L1 towards R1
end
R2#sh run int eth0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 84 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 10.10.24.2 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
end
!
router isis 1
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00
R3#sh run int lo 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 82 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
ip router isis 1
end
R3#sh run int eth0/0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 84 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.10.13.3 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
end
R3#sh run int eth0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 84 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 10.10.34.3 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
end
!
router isis 1
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00
R4#sh run int lo 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 82 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
ip router isis 1
end
R4#sh run int ethernet 0/0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 84 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.10.24.4 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
end
R4#sh run int ethernet 0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 84 bytes
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 10.10.34.4 255.255.255.0
ip router isis 1
end
!
router isis 1
net 49.0002.0000.0000.0004.00 >>>> Area on R4 is 49.0002.
注意:两个不同区域之间的路由器始终来自2级邻居关系。在本例中,R4区域为49.0002,R2和R3区域为49.0001。因此,R4必须与R2和R3具有L2邻接关系。
使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。
R1#show clns neighbors
Tag 1:
System Id Interface SNPA State Holdtime Type Protocol
R2 Et0/0 aabb.cc01.f600 Up 6 L1 IS-IS
R3 Et0/1 aabb.cc01.f700 Up 9 L1 IS-IS
R1#
R1 neighbor relationship with R2 and R3 is only L1
R2#sh clns neighbors
Tag 1:
System Id Interface SNPA State Holdtime Type Protocol
R1 Et0/0 aabb.cc01.f500 Up 24 L1 IS-IS
R4 Et0/1 aabb.cc01.f800 Up 9 L2 IS-IS
R2 neighbor relationship with R1 is L1
R2 neighbor relationship with R4 is L2
So R2 is L1L2 router as it is building both adjanceny i.e. L1 and L2 neighbor
R3#sh clns neighbors
Tag 1:
System Id Interface SNPA State Holdtime Type Protocol
R1 Et0/0 aabb.cc01.f510 Up 25 L1 IS-IS
R4 Et0/1 aabb.cc01.f810 Up 7 L2 IS-IS
R3 neighbor relatioship with R1 is L1
R3 neighbor relationship with R4 is L2
So R3 is L1L2 router as it is building both adjanceny i.e. L1 and L2 neighbor
R4#sh clns neighbors
Tag 1:
System Id Interface SNPA State Holdtime Type Protocol
R2 Et0/0 aabb.cc01.f610 Up 29 L2 IS-IS
R3 Et0/1 aabb.cc01.f710 Up 23 L2 IS-IS
R4 neighbor relationship with R2 and R3 is L2 only .
在此拓扑中,R2和R3是L1L2路由器,因此它们必须设置连接位,因此R1必须具有两条默认路由。
R1#show isis database
Tag 1:
IS-IS Level-1 Link State Database:
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
R1.00-00 * 0x0000002B 0x4269 576 0/0/0
R2.00-00 0x00000033 0xB1CA 997 1/0/0
R2.01-00 0x0000001F 0x42F0 1018 0/0/0
R3.00-00 0x0000002B 0xCA5E 857 1/0/0
R3.01-00 0x0000001B 0x50E4 964 0/0/0
ATT ( which is marked in Bold ) represents attach bit and is set to 1 for both R2 and R3
router in Level 1 LSP . ATT bit is only set in Level1 LSP .
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
a - application route
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.13.3 to network 0.0.0.0
i*L1 0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via 10.10.13.3, 00:00:26, Ethernet0/1
[115/10] via 10.10.12.2, 00:00:26, Ethernet0/0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
i L1 10.2.2.2/32 [115/20] via 10.10.12.2, 00:00:26, Ethernet0/0
i L1 10.3.3.3/32 [115/20] via 10.10.13.3, 00:46:55, Ethernet0/1
C 10.10.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L 10.10.12.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
C 10.10.13.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
L 10.10.13.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
i L1 10.10.24.0/24 [115/20] via 10.10.12.2, 00:00:26, Ethernet0/0
i L1 10.10.34.0/24 [115/20] via 10.10.13.3, 00:46:55, Ethernet0/1
In route table R1 is installing default route towards R2 and R3 .
此处的路由表没有任何R4的特定路由,因为默认情况下,2级路由不会泄漏到1级区域。它依靠默认表来转发流量,这可能导致次优路由。在上述情况下,由于两个默认路由的度量相同,因此都安装了。如果R1和R2之间的度量增加,则路由器必须只安装指向R2的默认路由。
R1(config)#int eth0/0
R1(config-if)#isis metric 20 >>>>> Metric is increased by 20
R1#sh ip route 0.0.0.0
Routing entry for 0.0.0.0/0, supernet
Known via "isis", distance 115, metric 10, candidate default path, type level-1
Redistributing via isis 1
Last update from 10.10.13.3 on Ethernet0/1, 00:00:05 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.10.13.3, from 10.3.3.3, 00:00:05 ago, via Ethernet0/1
Route metric is 10, traffic share count is 1
Now only 1 default route in routing table i.e. towards R3 .
在上述情况下,R4的所有流量都将转发到R3,并且不使用指向R2的链路。为了利用指向R2的链路,需要在R2上执行重分发。为了描述这一点,R4上的loopback 0通过重分发泄漏到R2中。
R4#sh run int lo 1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 85 bytes
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.44.44.44 255.255.255.255
ip router isis 1
end
R2#
router isis 1
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00
redistribute isis ip level-2 into level-1 route-map LEVEL2_into_Level1
R2#show route-map
route-map LEVEL2_into_Level1, permit, sequence 10
Match clauses:
ip address (access-lists): 10
Set clauses:
Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes
!
R2#sh access-lists 10
Standard IP access list 10
10 permit 10.4.4.4 (22 matches)
重分发后R1数据库和路由表:
R1#show isis database R2.00-00 detail
Tag 1:
IS-IS Level-1 LSP R2.00-00
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
R2.00-00 0x00000036 0xABCD 859 1/0/0
Area Address: 49.0001
NLPID: 0xCC
Hostname: R2
IP Address: 10.2.2.2
Metric: 10 IP 10.10.12.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IP 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
Metric: 10 IP 10.10.24.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IS R2.01
Metric: 148 IP-Interarea 10.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
After redistribution 10.4.4.4/32 route is being seen into R1 database .
R1#sh ip route 10.4.4.4
Routing entry for 10.4.4.4/32
Known via "isis", distance 115, metric 168, type inter area
Redistributing via isis 1
Last update from 10.10.12.2 on Ethernet0/0, 00:06:32 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.10.12.2, from 10.2.2.2, 00:06:32 ago, via Ethernet0/0
Route metric is 168, traffic share count is 1
After redistribution 10.4.4.4/32 is also present in routing table as well .
注意:在这种情况下,R2在路由表中通告特定路由,但不通告默认路由。R1在1级LSP中看到连接位,并在路由表中安装默认路由。
目前没有针对此配置的故障排除信息。