在ASA与FTD之间配置基于路由的站点到站点VPN，并使用BGP作为重叠
简介
本文档介绍如何在自适应安全设备(ASA)与Firepower威胁防御(FTD)之间配置基于路由的站点到站点VPN隧道，该隧道由具有动态路由边界网关协议(BGP)的Firepower管理中心(FMC)管理。
先决条件
要求
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：
- 对IPsec站点到站点VPN的基本了解
- FTD和ASA上的BGP配置
- 使用FMC的经验
使用的组件
- Cisco ASAv 9.20(2)2版
- 思科FMC版本7.4.1
- 思科FTD版本7.4.1
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
背景信息
基于路由的VPN允许确定要加密或通过VPN隧道发送的相关流量，并且使用流量路由而不是策略/访问列表，就像在基于策略或基于加密映射的VPN中一样。 加密域设置为允许任何进入IPSec隧道的流量。IPsec本地和远程流量选择器设置为0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0。路由到IPsec隧道的所有流量都会被加密，无论源/目标子网如何。
本文档重点介绍将动态路由BGP作为重叠的静态虚拟隧道接口(SVTI)配置。
配置
本节介绍在ASA和FTD上通过SVTI IPSec隧道建立BGP邻居关系所需的配置。
网络图
网络图
配置
使用FMC在FTD上配置IPSec VPN
步骤1:导航到Devices > VPN > Site To Site。
第二步：点击+Site to Site VPN。
站点到站点 VPN
第三步：提供Topology NameRoute Based (VTI) ，然后选择Type of VPN（VPN类型）。选择IKE Version。
在本演示中：
拓扑名称：ASAv-VTI
IKE版本：IKEv2
VPN拓扑
第四步：选择需要在其上配置隧道的Device。您可以添加新的虚拟隧道接口(点击+图标)，或从现有列表中选择一个虚拟隧道接口。
终端节点A
第五步：定义New Virtual Tunnel Interface的参数。单击。Ok
在本演示中：
名称：ASA-VTI
说明（可选）：使用外网ASA的VTI隧道
安全区域：VTI区域
隧道ID：1
IP地址：169.254.2.1/24
隧道源：GigabitEthernet0/1（外部）
IPsec隧道模式：IPv4
虚拟通道接口
第六步：点击OK弹出窗口，提示已创建新的VTI。
虚拟隧道接口已添加
步骤 7.在Virtual Tunnel Interface下选择新创建的VTI或VTI。提供节点B（对等设备）的信息。
在本演示中：
设备：外联网
设备名称：ASAv-Peer
终端IP地址：10.197.226.187
终端节点B
步骤 8导航到IKE选项卡。点击
。您可以选择使用预定义的Policy，或单击Policy选项卡旁边的+按钮以创建一个新按钮。
第9步（可选，如果创建新的IKEv2策略。） 为策略提供Name并选择要在策略中使用的Algorithms。单击。Save
在本演示中：
名称：ASAv-IKEv2-policy
完整性算法：SHA-256
加密算法：AES-256
PRF算法：SHA-256
Diffie-Hellman组：14
IKEv2-策略
步骤 10选择新创建的Policy或Policy存在的。选择Authentication Type。如果使用预共享手动密钥，请在Key和Confirm Key 框中输入密钥。
在本演示中：
策略：ASAv-IKEv2-Policy
身份验证类型：预共享手动密钥
身份验证
步骤 11导航到选IPsec 项卡。点击
，可选择使用预定义的IKEv2 IPsec建议或创建一个新建议。单击选IKEv2 IPsec Proposal 项卡旁边的+按钮。
第12步（可选，如果创建新的IKEv2 IPsec提议。） 输入建议书的Name命令，并选择要在建议书中使用的Algorithms。单击。Save
在本演示中：
名称：ASAv-IPSec-Policy
ESP哈希：SHA-256
ESP加密：AES-256
IKEv2-IPsec-Proposal
步骤 13 从可用建议列表中选择新创建的Proposal或Proposal。单击。OK
变换集
第14步：（可选）选择Perfect Forward Secrecy设置。配置IPsec Lifetime Duration and Lifetime Size。
在本演示中：
完全正向保密：模数组14
生存期持续时间：28800（默认值）
生存期大小：4608000（默认值）
PFS配置
步骤 15检查配置的设置。单击Save，如图所示。
保存配置
使用FMC在FTD上配置环回接口
使用FMC在FTD上配置环回接口
导航到Devices > Device Management。编辑需要配置环回的设备。
步骤1:转到访问 。Interfaces > Add Interfaces > Loopback Interface
导航到环回接口
第二步：输入名称“loopback”，提供环回ID“1”并启用接口。
启用环回接口
第三步：配置接口的IP地址，点击OK 。
为环回接口提供IP地址
在ASA上配置IPSec VPN
在ASA上配置IPSec VPN
!--- Configure IKEv2 Policy ---!
crypto ikev2 policy 1
encryption aes-256
integrity sha256
group 14
prf sha256
lifetime seconds 86400
!--- Enable IKEv2 on the outside interface ---!
crypto ikev2 enable outside
!---Configure Tunnel-Group with pre-shared-key---!
tunnel-group 10.197.226.222 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 10.197.226.222 ipsec-attributes
ikev2 remote-authentication pre-shared-key *****
ikev2 local-authentication pre-shared-key *****
!--- Configure IPSec Policy ---!
crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal ipsec_proposal_for_FTD
protocol esp encryption aes-256
protocol esp integrity sha-256
!--- Configure IPSec Profile ---!
crypto ipsec profile ipsec_profile_for_FTD
set ikev2 ipsec-proposal FTD-ipsec-proposal
set pfs group14
!--- Configure VTI ---!
interface Tunnel1
nameif FTD-VTI
ip address 169.254.2.2 255.255.255.0
tunnel source interface outside
tunnel destination 10.197.226.222
tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec_profile_for_FTD
!--- Configure the WAN routes ---!
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.197.226.1 1
在ASA上配置环回接口
interface Loopback1
nameif loopback
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
使用FMC在FTD上配置重叠BGP
导航到配置VTI隧道的设备Devices > Device Management.Edit，然后导航到Routing >General Settings > BGP。
步骤1:启用BGP并配置自治系统(AS)编号和路由器ID，如此图中所示。
设备FTD和ASA上的AS编号必须相同。
路由器ID用于标识参与BGP的每个路由器。
导航到配置BGP
第二步：导航到BGP > IPv4(CDP)并在FTD上启用BGP IPv4。
启用BGP
第三步：在Neighbor选项卡下，添加ASAv VTI隧道IP地址作为邻居并启用邻居。
添加BGP邻居
第四步：在Networks下，添加要通过BGP通告但需要通过VTI隧道的网络，在本例中为loopback1。
添加BGP网络
第五步：所有其他BGP设置都是可选的，您可以根据您的环境对其进行配置。验证配置并单击Save。
保存BGP配置
第六步：部署所有配置。
部署
在ASA上配置重叠BGP
router bgp 1000
bgp log-neighbor-changes
bgp router-id 10.1.1.2
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 169.254.2.1 remote-as 1000
neighbor 169.254.2.1 transport path-mtu-discovery disable
neighbor 169.254.2.1 activate
network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
验证
使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。
FTD上的输出
#show crypto ikev2 sa
IKEv2 SAs:
Session-id:20, Status:UP-ACTIVE, IKE count:1, CHILD count:1
Tunnel-id Local Remote fvrf/ivrf Status Role
666846307 10.197.226.222/500 10.197.226.187/500 Global/Global READY RESPONDER
Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA256, DH Grp:14, Auth sign: PSK, Auth verify: PSK
Life/Active Time: 86400/1201 sec
Child sa: local selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
remote selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
ESP spi in/out: 0xa14edaf6/0x8540d49e
#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: ASAv-VTI
Crypto map tag: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1, seq num: 65280, local addr: 10.197.226.222
Protected vrf (ivrf): Global
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
current_peer: 10.197.226.187
#pkts encaps: 45, #pkts encrypt: 45, #pkts digest: 45
#pkts decaps: 44, #pkts decrypt: 44, #pkts verify: 44
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed:0, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
#pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
#PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
#TFC rcvd: 0, #TFC sent: 0
#Valid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0, #Invalid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0
#send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0
local crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.222/500, remote crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.187/500
path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 78(44), media mtu 1500
PMTU time remaining (sec): 0, DF policy: copy-df
ICMP error validation: disabled, TFC packets: disabled
current outbound spi: 8540D49E
current inbound spi : A14EDAF6
inbound esp sas:
spi: 0xA14EDAF6 (2706299638)
SA State: active
transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression
in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
slot: 0, conn_id: 49, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4331517/27595)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Anti replay bitmap:
000001FFF 0xFFFFFFFF
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0x8540D49E (2235618462)
SA State: active
transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression
in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
slot: 0, conn_id: 49, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4101117/27595)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Anti replay bitmap:
0x00000000 0x00000001
#show bgp summary
BGP router identifier 10.1.1.1, local AS number 1000
BGP table version is 5, main routing table version 5
2 network entries using 400 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 160 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 416 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 976 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 21/19 prefixes, 24/22 paths, scan interval 60 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
169.254.2.2 4 1000 22 22 5 0 0 00:19:42 1
#show bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 169.254.2.2, vrf single_vf, remote AS 1000, internal link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.1.1.2
BGP state = Established, up for 00:19:49
Last read 00:01:04, last write 00:00:38, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor sessions:
1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Multisession Capability:
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0
Sent Rcvd
Opens 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 2 2
Keepalives: 19 19
Route Refresh: 0 0
Total: 22 22
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 0 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
Session: 169.254.2.2
BGP table version 5, neighbor version 5/0
Output queue size : 0
Index 15
15 update-group member
Sent Rcvd
Prefix activity: ---- ----
Prefixes Current: 1 1 (Consumes 80 bytes)
Prefixes Total: 1 1
Implicit Withdraw: 0 0
Explicit Withdraw: 0 0
Used as bestpath: n/a 1
Used as multipath: n/a 0
Outbound Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- -------
Bestpath from this peer: 1 n/a
Invalid Path: 1 n/a
Total: 2 0
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 1, min 0
Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 169.254.2.2
Connections established 7; dropped 6
Last reset 00:20:06, due to Peer closed the session of session 1
Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is disabled
Graceful-Restart is disabled
#show route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.197.226.1 to network 0.0.0.0
B 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 [200/0] via 169.254.2.2, 00:19:55
ASA上的输出
#show crypto ikev2 sa
IKEv2 SAs:
Session-id:7, Status:UP-ACTIVE, IKE count:1, CHILD count:1
Tunnel-id Local Remote fvrf/ivrf Status Role
442126361 10.197.226.187/500 10.197.226.222/500 Global/Global READY INITIATOR
Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA256, DH Grp:14, Auth sign: PSK, Auth verify: PSK
Life/Active Time: 86400/1200 sec
Child sa: local selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
remote selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535
ESP spi in/out: 0x8540d49e/0xa14edaf6
#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: FTD-VTI
Crypto map tag: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1, seq num: 65280, local addr: 10.197.226.187
Protected vrf (ivrf): Global
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
current_peer: 10.197.226.222
#pkts encaps: 44 #pkts encrypt: 44, #pkts digest: 44
#pkts decaps: 45, #pkts decrypt: 45, #pkts verify: 45
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed:0, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
#pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
#PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
#TFC rcvd: 0, #TFC sent: 0
#Valid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0, #Invalid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0
#send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0
local crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.187/500, remote crypto endpt.: 10.197.226.222/500
path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 78(44), media mtu 1500
PMTU time remaining (sec): 0, DF policy: copy-df
ICMP error validation: disabled, TFC packets: disabled
current outbound spi: A14EDAF6
current inbound spi : 8540D49E
inbound esp sas:
spi: 0x8540D49E (2235618462)
SA State: active
transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression
in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
slot: 0, conn_id: 9, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4147198/27594)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Anti replay bitmap:
0x00000000 0x007FFFFF
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0xA14EDAF6 (2706299638)
SA State: active
transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-256-hmac no compression
in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 14, IKEv2, VTI, }
slot: 0, conn_id: 9, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (3916798/27594)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Anti replay bitmap:
0x00000000 0x00000001
#show bgp summary
BGP router identifier 10.1.1.2, local AS number 1000
BGP table version is 7, main routing table version 7
2 network entries using 400 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 160 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 416 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 976 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 5/3 prefixes, 7/5 paths, scan interval 60 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
169.254.2.1 4 1000 22 22 7 0 0 00:19:42 1
#show bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 169.254.2.1, context single_vf, remote AS 1000, internal link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.1.1.1
BGP state = Established, up for 00:19:42
Last read 00:01:04, last write 00:00:38, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor sessions:
1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled)
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Multisession Capability:
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 2 2
Keepalives: 19 19
Route Refresh: 0 0
Total: 22 22
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 0 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
Session: 169.254.2.1
BGP table version 7, neighbor version 7/0
Output queue size : 0
Index 5
5 update-group member
Sent Rcvd
Prefix activity: ---- ----
Prefixes Current: 1 1 (Consumes 80 bytes)
Prefixes Total: 1 1
Implicit Withdraw: 0 0
Explicit Withdraw: 0 0
Used as bestpath: n/a 1
Used as multipath: n/a 0
Outbound Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- -------
Bestpath from this peer: 1 n/a
Invalid Path: 1 n/a
Total: 2 0
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 1, min 0
Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 169.254.2.1
Connections established 5; dropped 4
Last reset 00:20:06, due to Peer closed the session of session 1
Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is disabled
Graceful-Restart is disabled
#show route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route
SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF
Gateway of last resort is 10.197.226.1 to network 0.0.0.0
B 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 [200/0] via 169.254.2.1, 00:19:55
故障排除
本部分提供了可用于对配置进行故障排除的信息。
debug crypto ikev2 platform 255
debug crypto ikev2 protocol 255
debug crypto ipsec 255
debug ip bgp all
- 仅支持IPv4接口以及IPv4、受保护网络或VPN负载（不支持IPv6）。
修订历史记录
| 版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
1.0 |
13-Jun-2024 |
初始版本 |
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