解决常见DMVPN问题

Router#show access-lists 101

Extended IP access list 101
    10 permit udp host 172.17.0.1 host 172.16.1.1 eq isakmp log (4 matches)
    20 permit udp host 172.17.0.5 host 172.16.1.1 eq isakmp log (4 matches)
    30 permit ip any any (295 matches)

注意：请确保您的access-list中允许ip any any。否则，由于访问列表应用在出口接口的入站方向，因此可以阻止所有其他流量。

验证GRE在删除隧道保护时是否有效

当DMVPN不起作用时，在您使用IPsec进行故障排除之前，请验证GRE隧道在没有IPsec加密的情况下可以正常工作。

有关详细信息，请参阅如何配置GRE隧道。

NHRP注册失败

中心和辐射点之间的 VPN 隧道处于 Up 状态，但无法传输数据流量：

Router#show crypto isakmp sa
        dst             src             state          conn-id  slot   status
        172.17.0.1      172.16.1.1      QM_IDLE           1082    0    ACTIVE

Router#show crypto IPSEC sa
local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.17.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
#pkts encaps: 154, #pkts encrypt: 154, #pkts digest: 154
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify: 0
inbound esp sas:
spi: 0xF830FC95(4163959957)
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0xD65A7865(3596253285)

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

它显示返回流量不会从隧道的另一端返回。

检查辐射点路由器中的 NHS 条目：

Router#show  ip nhrp nhs detail
Legend: E=Expecting replies, R=Responding
Tunnel0: 172.17.0.1  E  req-sent 0  req-failed 30 repl-recv 0
Pending Registration Requests:
Registration Request: Reqid 4371, Ret 64  NHS 172.17.0.1

它显示NHS请求失败。要解决此问题，请确保辐射点路由器隧道接口上的配置正确。

配置示例：

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.9 255.255.255.0
 ip nhrp map 10.0.0.1 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp map multicast 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp nhs 172.17.0.1

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

NHS 服务器条目正确的配置示例：

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.9 255.255.255.0
 ip nhrp map 10.0.0.1 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp map multicast 172.17.0.1
 ip nhrp nhs 10.0.0.1

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

验证 NHS 条目和 IPsec 加密/解密计数器：

Router#show ip nhrp nhs detail
Legend: E=Expecting replies, R=Responding
Tunnel0:        10.0.0.1 RE  req-sent 4  req-failed 0  repl-recv 3 (00:01:04 ago)

Router#show crypto IPSec sa 
local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.17.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
#pkts encaps: 121, #pkts encrypt: 121, #pkts digest: 121
#pkts decaps: 118, #pkts decrypt: 118, #pkts verify: 118
inbound esp sas:
spi: 0x1B7670FC(460747004)
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0x3B31AA86(993110662)

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

验证是否已正确配置生命周期

使用以下命令验证当前 SA 生命周期和下一次重新协商的时间：

• show crypto isakmp sa detail

• show crypto ipsec sa peer<NBMA-address-peer>

请注意 SA 生命周期的值。如果这些值接近配置的生命周期（ISAKMP 的默认生命周期为 24 小时，ipsec 的默认生命周期为 1 小时），则表示这些 SA 最近已经过协商。如果您稍候片刻，然后再次协商，ISAKMP和/或IPsec可能会上下反弹。

Router#show crypto ipsec security-assoc lifetime
Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/3600 seconds

Router#show crypto isakmp policy
Global IKE policy
Protection suite of priority 1
Encryption algorithm: DES-Data Encryption Standard (65 bit keys)
Hash algorithm: Message Digest 5
Authentication method: Pre-Shared Key
Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit)
Lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit
Default protection suite
 Encryption algorithm: DES- Data Encryption Standard (56 bit keys)
 Hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard
 Authentication method: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature
 Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit)
 Lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit

Router# show crypto ipsec sa
interface: Ethernet0/3
    Crypto map tag: vpn, local addr. 172.17.0.1
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.17.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   current_peer: 172.17.0.1:500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 19, #pkts encrypt: 19, #pkts digest 19
    #pkts decaps: 19, #pkts decrypt: 19, #pkts verify 19
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 1, #recv errors 0
     local crypto endpt.: 172.16.1.1, remote crypto endpt.: 172.17.0.1
     path mtu 1500, media mtu 1500
     current outbound spi: 8E1CB77A

 inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x4579753B(1165587771)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        slot: 0, conn id: 2000, flow_id: 1, crypto map: vpn
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4456885/3531)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x8E1CB77A(2384246650)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        slot: 0, conn id: 2001, flow_id: 2, crypto map: vpn
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4456885/3531)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y  

验证是否只在一个方向传输流量

分支到分支路由器之间的VPN隧道处于启用状态，但无法传递数据流量。

Spoke1# show crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.2.11
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
    #pkts encaps: 110, #pkts encrypt: 110
    #pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, 
local crypto endpt.: 172.16.1.1, 
remote crypto endpt.: 172.16.2.11
      inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x4C36F4AF(1278669999)
      outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x6AC801F4(1791492596)

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---


Spoke2#sh crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.1.1
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   #pkts encaps: 116, #pkts encrypt: 116,             
   #pkts decaps: 110, #pkts decrypt: 110,  
local crypto endpt.: 172.16.2.11, 
remote crypto endpt.: 172.16.1.1
     inbound esp sas:
     spi: 0x6AC801F4(1791492596)
     outbound esp sas:
     spi: 0x4C36F4AF(1278669999

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

spoke1 中无 decap 数据包，这表明在 spoke1 到 spoke2 的返程路径中的某个位置丢弃了 esp 数据包。

spoke2路由器同时显示encap和decap，这意味着ESP流量在到达spoke2之前会被过滤。它可能发生在spoke2的ISP端，也可能发生在spoke2路由器和spoke1路由器之间路径中的任何防火墙上。在允许ESP （IP协议50）之后，spoke1和spoke2都会显示封装和解码计数器增加。

spoke1# show crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.2.11
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
    #pkts encaps: 300, #pkts encrypt: 300
    #pkts decaps: 200, #pkts decrypt: 200

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

spoke2#sh crypto ipsec sa peer 172.16.1.1
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.2.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.16.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   #pkts encaps: 316, #pkts encrypt: 316,             
   #pkts decaps: 300, #pkts decrypt: 310

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

验证已建立路由协议邻居

辐射点不能建立路由协议邻居关系：

Hub# show ip eigrp neighbors
H   Address     Interface   Hold Uptime     SRTT    RTO  	 Q  	Seq
                                  (sec)             (ms)  Cnt 	Num
2   10.0.0.9     Tu0         13  00:00:37     1    5000  	 1  	0
0   10.0.0.5     Tu0         11	 00:00:47   1587   5000  	 0 	1483
1   10.0.0.11    Tu0         13	 00:00:56     1    5000  	 1  	0
Syslog message: 
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 10: 
Neighbor 10.0.0.9 (Tunnel0) is down: retry limit exceeded

Hub# show ip route eigrp
	172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       172.17.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Tunnel0
C    192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.17.0.100

验证是否在中心正确配置了 NHRP 组播映射。

需要在中心隧道接口中配置动态 NHRP 组播映射。

配置示例：

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip mtu 1400
 no ip next-hop-self eigrp 10
 ip nhrp authentication test
 ip nhrp network-id 10
 no ip split-horizon eigrp 10
 tunnel mode gre multipoint

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

动态 NHRP 组播映射条目正确的配置示例：

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip mtu 1400
 no ip next-hop-self eigrp 10
 ip nhrp authentication test
 ip nhrp map multicast dynamic
 ip nhrp network-id 10
 no ip split-horizon eigrp 10
 tunnel mode gre multipoint

!--- !--- Output is truncated !---

这允许 NHRP 自动将辐射点路由器添加到组播 NHRP 映射。 

有关详细信息，请参阅思科IOS IP地址服务命令参考中的ip nhrp map multicast dynamic   命令。