了解如何处理配置了Snort功能的Lina规则

简介

本文档介绍如何将Lina规则部署到FTD以及Lina和Snort的处理。此信息对机内(FDM)和机外(FMC)管理都非常有用。

先决条件

要求

建议掌握下列主题的相关知识：

• Firepower Management Center (FMC)
• Firepower设备管理器(FDM)
• Firepower威胁防御虚拟(FTDv) 

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

• FTDv 7.0.4

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息 

FMC是威胁防御设备的机下管理器。

FDM是威胁防御设备的机箱管理器。

具有Snort功能的规则部署为permit any

当您使用由Snort端运行的功能(如Geolocation、URL(Universal Resource Locator)过滤器、应用检测等)创建规则时，它们将作为允许任何规则部署在Lina端。

乍一看，这会使您感到困惑，并让您认为FTD允许该规则上的所有流量，并停止后续规则的规则匹配验证。

在本示例中，有应用检测器、URL过滤器和地理位置阻止规则：

在这里，您可以看到GUI上配置的参数与Snort上所示的正确规则语句：

access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435458: ACCESS POLICY: NGFW_Access_Policy
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435458: L7 RULE: testappid
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL advanced permit object-group |acSvcg-268435458 ifc outside any ifc inside any rule-id 268435458 
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435459: ACCESS POLICY: NGFW_Access_Policy
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435459: L7 RULE: testurl
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL advanced permit object-group |acSvcg-268435459 any any rule-id 268435459 
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435461: ACCESS POLICY: NGFW_Access_Policy
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435461: L5 RULE: testgeo
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL advanced permit object-group |acSvcg-268435461 any any rule-id 268435461 

在Snort端看到规则的方式如下：

268435458 deny 1 any any 2 any any any any (appid 948:5, 1079:5) (ip_protos 6)
# End rule 268435458
268435459 deny any any any any any any any any (urlcat 2027) (urlrep le 0) (urlrep_unknown 1)
268435459 deny any any any any any any any any (urlcat 2006) (urlrep le 0) (urlrep_unknown 1)
# End rule 268435459
268435461 deny 1 any any any any any any any (dstgeo 643)
# End rule 268435461

验证在Lina和Snort端如何处理规则

由于packet-tracer命令无法正确处理此类规则，您需要使用system support trace或system support firewall-engine-debug测试此大量实时流量。

以下是一个符合地理定位阻止规则的示例：

> system support trace

Enable firewall-engine-debug too? [n]: y
Please specify an IP protocol: 
Please specify a client IP address: 
     
     
Please specify a client port: 
Please specify a server IP address: 
Please specify a server port: 
Monitoring packet tracer and firewall debug messages

10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Packet 7: TCP 12****S*, 09/21-17:17:13.483709, seq 957225459, dsize 0
10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Session: new snort session
10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 AppID: service: (0), client: (0), payload: (0), misc: (0)
10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Firewall: starting rule matching, zone 1 -> 1, geo 0(0) -> 643, vlan 0, src sgt: 0, src sgt type: unknown, dst sgt: 0, dst sgt type: unknown, user 9999997, no url or host, no xff
10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Firewall: block rule, 'testgeo', force_block
10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Stream: pending block, drop
10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Policies: Network 0, Inspection 0, Detection 3
10.130.65.192 52459 -> <Geolocation block IP address>
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 New firewall session
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 app event with app id no change, url no change, tls host no change, bits 0x1
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Starting with minimum 3, 'testurl', and SrcZone first with zones 1 -> 1, geo 0 -> 643, vlan 0, src sgt: 0, src sgt type: unknown, dst sgt: 0, dst sgt type: unknown, svc 0, payload 0, client 0, misc 0, user 9999997
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 pending rule order 3, 'testurl', AppID for URL
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 rule order 3, 'testurl', action Block continue eval of pending deny
10.130.65.192 52460 -> 
     
     
       443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 match rule order 4, 'testgeo', action Block 
     
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 MidRecovery data sent for rule id: 268435461, rule_action:4, rev id:1095042657, rule_match flag:0x0
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 deny action
10.130.65.192 52460 -> <Geolocation block IP address> 443 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1 Deleting Firewall session

正如您在以上输出中所看到的，Snort根据规则检查数据包参数，并且它与地理定位阻止规则匹配，然后拒绝该流并删除该流的会话。

在Lina捕获的跟踪上，您可以看到，在ACCESS-LIST阶段，您找到了第一个允许任何规则，而不是您预期要访问的地理定位规则；但在SNORT阶段，我们看到了Snort找到了规则268435461，这是地理定位块规则：

testftd# show cap test trace packet 1

9 packets captured

1: 17:36:52.082011 10.130.65.192.53336 > <Geolocation block IP address>.443: SWE 316839441:316839441(0) win 8192 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK> 
Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype: 
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: 
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: INPUT-ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW 
Config:
Additional Information:
Found next-hop 10.130.65.188 using egress ifc outside(vrfid:0)

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group NGFW_ONBOX_ACL global
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL advanced permit object-group |acSvcg-268435459 any any rule-id 268435459 
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435459: ACCESS POLICY: NGFW_Access_Policy
access-list NGFW_ONBOX_ACL remark rule-id 268435459: L7 RULE: testurl
object-group service |acSvcg-268435459
service-object ip 
Additional Information:
This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached

Phase: 5
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config: 
Additional Information:

Phase: 6
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype: 
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype: 
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 9
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype: 
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 6902, packet dispatched to next module

Phase: 10
Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT
Subtype: 
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Application: 'SNORT Inspect'

Phase: 11
Type: SNORT
Subtype: 
Result: DROP
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Trace: 
00:50:56:96:D0:48 -> 00:50:56:B3:8C:E3 0800
10.130.65.192:53336 -> <Geolocation block IP address>:443 proto 6 AS=0 ID=1 GR=1-1
Packet 22: TCP 12****S*, 09/21-17:36:52.073696, seq 316839441, dsize 0
Session: new snort session
AppID: service: (0), client: (0), payload: (0), misc: (0)
Firewall: starting rule matching, zone 1 -> 1, geo 0(0) -> 643, vlan 0, src sgt: 0, src sgt type: unknown, dst sgt: 0, dst sgt type: unknown, user 9999997, no url or host, no xff
Firewall: block rule, id 268435461, force_block
Stream: pending block, drop
Policies: Network 0, Inspection 0, Detection 3
Verdict: blacklist
Snort Verdict: (black-list) black list this flow

Result:
input-interface: outside(vrfid:0)
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside(vrfid:0)
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (firewall) Blocked or blacklisted by the firewall preprocessor, Drop-location: frame 0x000055b8a176d7b2 flow (NA)/NA

结论

如配置和实时流量日志所示，即使Lina将这些规则显示为Permit any any，并且我们在Lina端达到该规则，数据包也会发送到Snort进行深度检查。

然后，您可以验证Snort是否继续通过规则，直到其流量与预期规则相匹配。

相关信息

Firepower管理中心配置指南，访问控制规则

适用于Firepower设备管理器、访问控制的思科Firepower威胁防御配置指南

思科漏洞ID CSCwd00446 - ENH:Packet Tracer不会在ACL阶段显示实际的规则命中而不是地理定位规则