为 VPN 客户端配置 TACACS+ 与 RADIUS 扩展认证

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已更新: 2005 年 1 月 21 日
文档 ID:12428

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简介

本文档显示 TACACS+ 和 RADIUS Internet 工程任务组 (IETF) 扩展身份验证 (Xauth) 的配置示例。 Xauth 允许您在 Internet Key Exchange (IKE) 协议内，使用 TACACS+ 或 RADIUS 作为用户身份验证方法，在虚拟私有网络 (VPN) 上部署 IP Security (IPSec)。此功能允许对已在 PC 上安装 CiscoSecure VPN 客户端 1.1 的用户进行身份验证，具体方法是：先提示用户输入用户名和口令，然后使用身份验证、授权和记帐 (AAA) 服务器、TACACS+ 或 RADIUS 数据库中存储的信息对其进行验证。身份验证在IKE阶段1和IKE阶段2之间进行。如果用户成功进行身份验证，则会建立第2阶段安全关联(SA)，之后可以安全地将数据发送到受保护的网络。

Xauth 仅包括身份验证，不包括授权（用户可以在建立连接之后离开）。 未实现记帐（用户已离开）。

在实现 Xauth 之前，配置必须在没有 Xauth 的情况下工作。我们的示例展示的是除 Xauth 之外的模式配置 (Mode Config) 和网络地址转换 (NAT)，但是会假定在添加 Xauth 命令之前已存在 IPSec 连接。

请确保在尝试 TACACS+ 或 RADIUS Xauth 之前，本地 Xauth（路由器的用户名/口令) 有效。

先决条件

要求

本文档没有任何特定的要求。

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

  • VPN 客户端版本 1.1（或更高版本）

  • Cisco IOS®版本12.1.2.2.T、12.1.2.2.P（或更高版本）

  • RADIUS 身份验证使用运行 c3640-jo3s56i-mz.121-2.3.T 的 Cisco 3640 进行测试

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您使用的是真实网络，请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。

规则

有关文档约定的更多信息，请参考 Cisco 技术提示约定。

配置

本部分提供有关如何配置本文档所述功能的信息。

注意：使用命令查找工具(仅限注册客户)可获取有关本节中使用的命令的详细信息。

网络图

本文档使用以下网络设置：

xauthTR.gif

VPN Client 1.1 安装 

Network Security policy: 
 1- Myconn 
         My Identity = ip address
                 Connection security: Secure 
                 Remote Party Identity and addressing 
                         ID Type: IP subnet 
                         10.13.1.0 (range of inside network)
                         Port all Protocol all 

                 Connect using secure tunnel 
                         ID Type: IP address 
                         99.99.99.1
                         Pre-shared key = cisco1234

         Authentication (Phase 1) 
         Proposal 1 
                 Authentication method: pre-shared key 
                 Encryp Alg: DES 
                 Hash Alg: MD5 
                 SA life: Unspecified
                 Key Group: DH 1 

         Key exchange (Phase 2) 
         Proposal 1 
                 Encapsulation ESP 
                 Encrypt Alg: DES 
                 Hash Alg: MD5 
                 Encap: tunnel 
                 SA life: Unspecified 
                 no AH 

 2- Other Connections 
             Connection security: Non-secure 
             Local Network Interface 
                 Name: Any 
                 IP Addr: Any 
                 Port: All

在路由器上启用 Xauth 之后，当用户尝试连接至路由器中的设备时（此处我们执行 ping -t #.#.#.#），会出现灰色的画面： 

User Authentication for 3660
Username:
Password:

配置

服务器配置

Xauth 身份验证既可以由 TACACS+ 也可以由 RADIUS 完成。我们要确保允许 Xauth 用户执行 Xauth，但是不允许他们远程登录到路由器。因此，我们添加了 aaa authorization exec 命令。我们为 RADIUS 用户设置了“reply-attribute Service-Type=Outbound=5”（而不是管理或登录）。 在 CiscoSecure UNIX 中为“Outbound”；在 CiscoSecure NT 中为“Dialout Framed”。 如果是 TACACS+ 用户，则不会为其提供 shell/exec 权限。

TACACS+ 或 RADIUS Xauth 的路由器配置 
Current configuration:
!
version 12.1
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname carter
!

!--- Enable AAA and define authentication and authorization parameters

aaa new-model
aaa authentication login default group radius|tacacs+ none
aaa authentication login xauth_list group radius|tacacs+
aaa authorization exec default group radius|tacacs+ none 
enable secret 5 $1$VY18$uO2CRnqUzugV0NYtd14Gg0
enable password ww
!
username john password 0 doe
!
ip subnet-zero
ip audit notify log
ip audit po max-events 100
cns event-service server
!
crypto isakmp policy 10
hash md5
authentication pre-share
crypto isakmp key cisco1234 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
crypto isakmp client configuration address-pool local ourpool
!
crypto ipsec transform-set mypolicy esp-des esp-md5-hmac 
!
crypto dynamic-map dyna 10
set transform-set mypolicy 
!
crypto map test client authentication list xauth_list
crypto map test client configuration address initiate
crypto map test client configuration address respond
crypto map test 5 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dyna 
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.13.1.48 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
no mop enabled
!
interface TokenRing0/0
no ip address
shutdown
ring-speed 16
!
interface Ethernet2/0
ip address 99.99.99.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
no mop enabled
crypto map test
!
interface TokenRing2/0
no ip address
shutdown
ring-speed 16
!
ip local pool ourpool 10.2.1.1 10.2.1.254
ip nat pool outsidepool 99.99.99.50 99.99.99.60 netmask 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside source route-map nonat pool outsidepool
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.13.1.1
no ip http server
!
access-list 101 deny ip 10.13.1.0 0.0.0.255 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip 10.13.1.0 0.0.0.255 any
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
dialer-list 1 protocol ipx permit
route-map nonat permit 10
match ip address 101
!

!--- Define TACACS server host and key parameters

tacacs-server host 172.18.124.114
tacacs-server key cisco
radius-server host 172.18.124.114 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
radius-server retransmit 3
radius-server key cisco
!
line con 0
transport input none
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password WW
!
end

验证

当前没有可用于此配置的验证过程。

故障排除

本部分提供的信息可用于对配置进行故障排除。

故障排除命令

命令输出解释程序（仅限注册用户）(OIT) 支持某些 show 命令。使用 OIT 可查看对 show 命令输出的分析。

注意：在使用debug命令之前，请参阅有关Debug命令的重要信息。

  • debug aaa authentication — 显示有关 AAA/TACACS+ 身份验证的信息。

  • debug crypto isakmp — 显示关于 IKE 事件的消息。

  • debug crypto ipsec — 显示 IPSec 事件。

  • debug crypto key-exchange - 显示数字签字标准 (DSS) 公钥交换消息。

  • debug radius -显示信息与RADIUS相关。

  • debug tacacs - 显示与 TACACS 相关的信息。

  • clear crypto isakmp - 指定要清除的连接。

  • clear crypto sa - 删除 IPsec 安全连接。

调试输出示例

注意：TACACS+调试非常相似。请使用 debug tacacs+ 命令，而非 debug radius 命令。

Carter#show debug
General OS:
  AAA Authentication debugging is on
Radius protocol debugging is on
Cryptographic Subsystem:
  Crypto ISAKMP debugging is on
  Crypto Engine debugging is on
  Crypto IPSEC debugging is on
Carter#term mon
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:0): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (N) NEW SA
03:12:54: ISAKMP: local port 500, remote port 500
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): Setting client config settings 6269C36C
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): (Re)Setting client xauth list xauth_list 
   and state
03:12:54: ISAKMP: Created a peer node for 99.99.99.5
03:12:54: ISAKMP: Locking struct 6269C36C from 
   crypto_ikmp_config_initialize_sa
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): processing SA payload. message ID = 0
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): found peer pre-shared key matching 99.99.99.5
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): Checking ISAKMP transform 1 against 
   priority 10 policy
03:12:54: ISAKMP:      encryption DES-CBC
03:12:54: ISAKMP:      hash MD5
03:12:54: ISAKMP:      default group 1
03:12:54: ISAKMP:      auth pre-share
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): atts are acceptable. Next payload is 0
03:12:54: CryptoEngine0: generate alg parameter
03:12:54: CRYPTO_ENGINE: Dh phase 1 status: 0
03:12:54: CRYPTO_ENGINE: DH phase 1 status: 0
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): SA is doing pre-shared key authentication using 
   id type ID_IPV4_ADDR
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) MM_SA_SETUP
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) MM_SA_SETUP
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): processing KE payload. Message ID = 0
03:12:54: CryptoEngine0: generate alg parameter
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): processing NONCE payload. Message ID = 0
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): found peer pre-shared key matching 99.99.99.5
03:12:54: CryptoEngine0: create ISAKMP SKEYID for conn id 1
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): SKEYID state generated
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): processing vendor id payload
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): processing vendor id payload
03:12:54: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) MM_KEY_EXCH
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) MM_KEY_EXCH
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): processing ID payload. Message ID = 0
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): processing HASH payload. Message ID = 0
03:12:55: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): processing NOTIFY INITIAL_CONTACT protocol 1
        spi 0, message ID = 0
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): SA has been authenticated with 99.99.99.5
03:12:55: ISAKMP (1): ID payload
        next-payload : 8
        type         : 1
        protocol     : 17
        port         : 500
        length       : 8
03:12:55: ISAKMP (1): Total payload length: 12
03:12:55: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:12:55: CryptoEngine0: clear DH number for conn id 1
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_XAUTH   
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_XAUTH   
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): (Re)Setting client xauth list 
   xauth_list and state
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): Need XAUTH
03:12:55: AAA: parse name=ISAKMP idb type=-1 tty=-1
03:12:55: AAA/MEMORY: create_user (0x6269AD80) user='' ruser='' 
   port='ISAKMP' rem_addr='99.99.99.5' authen_type=ASCII 
   service=LOGIN priv=0
03:12:55: AAA/AUTHEN/START (2289801324): port='ISAKMP' 
   list='xauth_list' action=LOGIN service=LOGIN
03:12:55: AAA/AUTHEN/START (2289801324): found list xauth_list
03:12:55: AAA/AUTHEN/START (2289801324): Method=radius (radius)
03:12:55: AAA/AUTHEN (2289801324): status = GETUSER
03:12:55: ISAKMP: got callback 1
03:12:55: ISAKMP/xauth: request attribute XAUTH_TYPE
03:12:55: ISAKMP/xauth: request attribute XAUTH_MESSAGE
03:12:55: ISAKMP/xauth: request attribute XAUTH_USER_NAME
03:12:55: ISAKMP/xauth: request attribute XAUTH_USER_PASSWORD
03:12:55: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): initiating peer config to 99.99.99.5. 
   ID = -280774539
03:12:55: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_XAUTH   
03:13:00: ISAKMP (0:1): retransmitting phase 2 CONF_XAUTH   
    -280774539 ...
03:13:00: ISAKMP (0:1): incrementing error counter on sa: 
   retransmit phase 2
03:13:00: ISAKMP (0:1): incrementing error counter on sa: 
   retransmit phase 2
03:13:00: ISAKMP (0:1): retransmitting phase 2 -280774539 CONF_XAUTH   
03:13:00: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_XAUTH   
03:13:02: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_XAUTH   
03:13:02: ISAKMP (0:1): processing transaction payload from 
   99.99.99.5. Message ID = -280774539
03:13:02: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:02: ISAKMP: Config payload REPLY
03:13:02: ISAKMP/xauth: reply attribute XAUTH_TYPE
03:13:02: ISAKMP/xauth: reply attribute XAUTH_USER_NAME
03:13:02: ISAKMP/xauth: reply attribute XAUTH_USER_PASSWORD
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (2289801324): continue_login (user='(undef)')
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN (2289801324): status = GETUSER
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN (2289801324): Method=radius (radius)
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN (2289801324): status = GETPASS
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (2289801324): continue_login (user='zeke')
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN (2289801324): status = GETPASS
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN (2289801324): Method=radius (radius)
03:13:02: RADIUS: ustruct sharecount=2
03:13:02: RADIUS: Initial Transmit ISAKMP id 29 172.18.124.114:1645, 
   Access-Request, len 68
03:13:02:         Attribute 4 6 0A0D0130
03:13:02:         Attribute 61 6 00000000
03:13:02:         Attribute 1 6 7A656B65
03:13:02:         Attribute 31 12 39392E39
03:13:02:         Attribute 2 18 D687A79D
03:13:02: RADIUS: Received from id 29 172.18.124.114:1645, 
   Access-Accept, Len 26
03:13:02:         Attribute 6 6 00000005
03:13:02: RADIUS: saved authorization data for user 6269AD80 
   at 62634D0C
03:13:02: AAA/AUTHEN (2289801324): status = PASS
03:13:02: ISAKMP: got callback 1
03:13:02: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:02: ISAKMP (0:1): initiating peer config to 99.99.99.5. 
   ID = -280774539
03:13:02: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_XAUTH   
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_XAUTH   
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): processing transaction payload from 99.99.99.5. 
   Message ID = -280774539
03:13:03: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:03: ISAKMP: Config payload ACK
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): deleting node -280774539 error FALSE 
   reason "done with transaction"
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): allocating address 10.2.1.2
03:13:03: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): initiating peer config to 99.99.99.5. 
   ID = 2130856112
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_ADDR    
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) CONF_ADDR    
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): processing transaction payload 
   from 99.99.99.5. Message ID = 2130856112
03:13:03: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:03: ISAKMP: Config payload ACK
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): peer accepted the address!
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): adding static route for 10.2.1.2
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): installing route 10.2.1.2 255.255.255.255 
   99.99.99.5
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): deleting node 2130856112 error FALSE 
   reason "done with transaction"
03:13:03: ISAKMP (0:1): Delaying response to QM request.
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) QM_IDLE      
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): (Re)Setting client xauth list xauth_list 
   and state
03:13:04: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): processing HASH payload. Message ID = -1651205463
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): processing SA payload. Message ID = -1651205463
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): Checking IPSec proposal 1
03:13:04: ISAKMP: transform 1, ESP_DES
03:13:04: ISAKMP:   attributes in transform:
03:13:04: ISAKMP:      authenticator is HMAC-MD5
03:13:04: ISAKMP:      encaps is 1
03:13:04: validate proposal 0
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): atts are acceptable.
03:13:04: IPSEC(validate_proposal_request): proposal part #1,
  (key eng. msg.) dest= 99.99.99.1, src= 99.99.99.5, 
    dest_proxy= 10.13.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    src_proxy= 10.2.1.2/255.255.255.255/0/0 (type=1),
    protocol= ESP, transform= ESP-Des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 0s and 0kb, 
    spi= 0x0(0), conn_id= 0, keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
03:13:04: validate proposal request 0
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): processing NONCE payload. 
   Message ID = -1651205463
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): processing ID payload. 
   Message ID = -1651205463
03:13:04: ISAKMP (1): ID_IPV4_ADDR src 10.2.1.2 prot 0 port 0
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): processing ID payload. 
   Message ID = -1651205463
03:13:04: ISAKMP (1): ID_IPV4_ADDR_SUBNET dst 10.13.1.0/255.255.255.0 
   port 0 port 0
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): asking for 1 spis from ipsec
03:13:04: IPSEC(key_engine): got a queue event...
03:13:04: IPSEC(spi_response): getting spi 570798685 for SA 
        from 99.99.99.5      to 99.99.99.1      for prot 3
03:13:04: ISAKMP: received ke message (2/1)
03:13:04: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): sending packet to 99.99.99.5 (R) QM_IDLE      
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): received packet from 99.99.99.5 (R) QM_IDLE      
03:13:04: CryptoEngine0: generate hmac context for conn id 1
03:13:04: ipsec allocate flow 0
03:13:04: ipsec allocate flow 0
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): Creating IPSec SAs
03:13:04:         inbound SA from 99.99.99.5 to 99.99.99.1
        (proxy 10.2.1.2 to 10.13.1.0)
03:13:04:         has spi 0x2205B25D and conn_id 2000 and flags 4
03:13:04:         outbound SA from 99.99.99.1 to 99.99.99.5      
   (proxy 10.13.1.0 to 10.2.1.2)
03:13:04:         has spi -1338747879 and conn_id 2001 and flags 4
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): deleting node -195511155 error FALSE 
   reason "saved qm no longer needed"
03:13:04: ISAKMP (0:1): deleting node -1651205463 error FALSE 
   reason "quick mode done (await()"
03:13:04: IPSEC(key_engine): got a queue event...
03:13:04: IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
  (key eng. msg.) dest= 99.99.99.1, src= 99.99.99.5, 
    dest_proxy= 10.13.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    src_proxy= 10.2.1.2/0.0.0.0/0/0 (type=1),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 0s and 0kb, 
    spi= 0x2205B25D(570798685), conn_id= 2000, 
    keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
03:13:04: IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
  (key eng. msg.) src= 99.99.99.1, dest= 99.99.99.5, 
    src_proxy= 10.13.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
    dest_proxy= 10.2.1.2/0.0.0.0/0/0 (type=1),
    protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
    lifedur= 0s and 0kb, 
    spi= 0xB0345419(2956219417), conn_id= 2001, 
    keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
03:13:04: IPSEC(create_sa): sa created,
  (sa) sa_dest= 99.99.99.1, sa_prot= 50, 
    sa_spi= 0x2205B25D(570798685), 
    sa_trans= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , sa_conn_id= 2000
03:13:04: IPSEC(create_sa): sa created,
  (sa) sa_dest= 99.99.99.5, sa_prot= 50, 
    sa_spi= 0xB0345419(2956219417), 
    sa_trans= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , sa_conn_id= 2001
03:13:04: ISAKMP: received ke message (4/1)
03:13:04: ISAKMP: Locking struct 6269C36C for IPSEC
03:13:05: IPSEC(decapsulate): error in decapsulation 
   crypto_ipsec_sa_exists

相关信息

修订历史记录

版本 发布日期 备注
1.0
21-Jan-2005
初始版本

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