简介
本文档介绍如何排除Catalyst 3650/3850交换机上的以太网供电(PoE)Imax错误。
背景信息
Catalyst 3650/3850交换机使用PoE,以便通过连接外部设备的以太网电缆为外部设备(例如无线接入点(AP)、IP电话等)供电。
Imax错误是什么
当交换机上支持PoE的端口获取的电量超过其协商的电量时,就会出现Imax错误。当IEEE供电设备(PD)启动时,它会被分类到类中。根据设备所处的类别,充当电源设备(PSE)的交换机会为其分配一定量的瓦特。这可以由使用思科发现协议(CDP)或链路层发现协议(LLDP)的设备重新协商,以请求更多或更少的电源。这是为了允许对权力进行预算。
PD确保它不会消耗比所分配的功率更多的功率。交换机通过设置Icutoff值来控制这一点。这是在控制器上设置为高标记的值。当设备超过Icutoff值时,交换机停止供电,并记录一个Imax错误,指示连接的设备超过了协商的瓦数。
与旧设备的比较
Catalyst 3650/3850采用更增强的PoE控制器。如果较旧的设备(如Catalyst 3750)在设置Icutoff值方面不支持太多粒度,则Catalyst 3650和3850会支持。这往往导致Catalyst 3650/3850遇到较旧设备没有的问题。然而,在几乎所有情况下,这只是一种看法。较旧设备在功率管制方面的精细度较低,并且允许PD获得比协商更多的功率。Catalyst 3650/3850会更严格地控制抽出功率,因此,Catalyst 3650/3850上可能会出现Imax错误,在该错误中,将同一设备连接到较旧的交换机不会显示任何问题。
排除Imax错误
要确定PD在该领域的实际消耗功率并非易事。当交换机上的电源控制器检测到一个端口上有更多电源时,它会关闭该端口并通知Cisco IOS® PD已超过最大分配功率。在Cisco IOS中,您可以使用show power inline <interface> detail命令查看每个端口当前消耗的功率。
3850_4#sh power inline Te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.0
Power available to the device: 15.0
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 6.1
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 6.2
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: IEEE 802.3at LLDP
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: Type 2 PSE Type 1 PD
Power Source: Primary PSE
Power Priority: low high
Requested Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Allocated Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: Shared
此输出中端口处显示的测量值由控制器测量。此信息每隔几秒钟收集一次,并提供一些有关已用电源的指示。Maximum Power drawing显示的值似乎有助于解决Imax错误,但不幸的是,这只是设备最大功率的历史显示。如果发生Imax错误,则此时消耗的电源不会报告给Cisco IOS,并且无法在该处显示。
如示例所示,分配给端口的值是15W。这是编程到接口上的截止值。在Cisco Bug ID CSCuy7423之前,Icutoff值会定期编程在端口上。每次收到CDP数据包时,该值都可以重新编程。在Cisco Bug ID CSCuy74231(在Cisco IOS XE 3.6.5E和3.7.5或更高版本中修复)之后,此编程已优化。这降低了重新编程Icutoff值时导致Imax错误的可能性。
Icutoff值的编程可通过两个命令显示。通过跟踪可以历史地收集日志或启用调试以便在调试消息出现时记录调试消息。获取此信息的命令如下:
show mgmt-infra trace message platform-mgr-poe
debug platform poe
仅当堆栈中的活动交换机支持PoE时,才能执行show trace命令。否则,需要以下命令才能首先连接到堆栈中的PoE成员交换机以执行它:
session switch
*May 20 00:34:04.445:CDP-PA: Packet received from AP2 on interface TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44
**Entry found in cache**
*May 20 00:34:04.445: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: Dequeued POE SPI msg ver 1 if_id 73003723793629284
num_ports 1 req_id 650 msg_type 20
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: E_ILP_SET_CUTOFF if_id 73003723793629284
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info:port 44 icutoff power 15000
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: re_poe_set_icutoff_current port 44 power 15000
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: scale factor 22 for power 15000
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: POE_SET_CUTOFF_CURRENT_SCALE_FACTOR sent
for port 44 (e:11)
如前所述,诊断Imax错误是一个复杂的过程。发生Imax错误时记录的信息不多。控制器会关闭端口,PD通常会丢失所有日志,说明在获取比分配的电量更多的功率时它正在执行的操作。通过现场端口测量所抽取的功率并不容易,但可以通过静态分配功率来确定。通过静态分配比动态请求功率更多的功率,可以确定PD将消耗多大的功率来触发超出Icutoff阈值。可以使用命令power inline static max <value>在交换机端口上配置静态最大功耗。
3850_4#sh run int te 3/0/44
interface TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44
power inline static max 20000
end
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: static
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated Admin Value: 20.0
Power drawn from the source: 20.0
Power available to the device: 20.0
功率协商
各种IEEE类定义了功率使用级别。PD和PSE之间通过CDP或LLDP进行进一步功率协商。当您查看Imax错误时,电源协商会发挥重要作用。PD会请求为其分配多少功率,但它也可以确保功率不能超过请求的值。
分类 PSE PD
Class 0/Default 15.4W 12.95W
1类4.0W 3.84W
2类7.0W 6.49W
3类15.4W 12.95W
4类30.0W 25.50W
根据此表,根据检测到的类别,交换机(PSE)允许使用特定的最大功率。需要注意的是,该标准还定义了PD可以使用的功率。该标准为PSE和PD之间的布线所使用的电源分配预算。这也凸显了在调查Imax错误时了解使用的电缆类型以及确定在什么情况下电缆比其它情况更可能发生的的重要性。
除分类外,还可使用CDP或LLDP协议完成功率协商。这样,交换机可以分配比类设置为最大值更多或更少的电源。
从下一个示例中可以看到,PD(本例中为Access Point)出现。在进行电源协商之前,已为其分配为该类设置的默认15.4W。
3850_4#sh cdp neigh te 3/0/44 detail
-------------------------
Device ID: AP2
Entry address(es):
IPv6 address: FE80::CEEF:48FF:FEC2:1B9B (link-local)
Platform: cisco AIR-CAP3501I-E-K9, Capabilities: Router Trans-Bridge Source-Route-Bridge IGMP
Interface: TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44, Port ID (outgoing port): GigabitEthernet0
Holdtime : 163 sec
Version :
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: full
Total cdp entries displayed : 1
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44
Interface Admin Oper Power Device Class Max
(Watts)
--------- ------ ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ----
Te3/0/44 auto on 15.4 AIR-CAP3501I-E-K9 3 60.0
现在,一旦发生电源协商,交换机就会分配更少的电源。在show cdp neig <if> detail命令的输出中,显示了请求的各种功率级别。有些设备可能只有一个要求,但有些设备会请求多个功率级别。例如,如果无线接入点不能获得全功率,则能够打开或关闭无线电。在本示例中,PD请求15000或14500 mW。
3850_4#sh cdp neigh te 3/0/44 detail
-------------------------
Device ID: AP2
Entry address(es):
IP address: 10.1.200.2
IPv6 address: FE80::CEEF:48FF:FEC2:1B9B (link-local)
Platform: cisco AIR-CAP3501I-E-K9, Capabilities: Trans-Bridge Source-Route-Bridge IGMP
Interface: TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44, Port ID (outgoing port): GigabitEthernet0
Holdtime : 172 sec
Version :
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: full
Power drawn: 15.000 Watts
Power request id: 15079, Power management id: 2
Power request levels are: 15000 14500 0 0 0
Management address(es):
IP address: 10.1.200.2
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: cisco AIR-CAP3501I-
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.0
Power available to the device: 15.0
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 6.1
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 6.2
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: CDP
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: - -
Power Source: - -
Power Priority: - -
Requested Power(W): - -
Allocated Power(W): - -
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: Shared
使用LLDP而非CDP显示相同的结果。当PD通电时,设备按类接收全功率15.4W。
3850_4#sh lldp neighbors te 3/0/44 detail
------------------------------------------------
Local Intf: Te3/0/44
Chassis id: 2c3f.387e.91d0
Port id: Gi0
Port Description: GigabitEthernet0
System Name: AP2.cisco.com
System Description:
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
Time remaining: 64 seconds
System Capabilities: B
Enabled Capabilities: B
Management Addresses:
IP: 10.1.200.2
Auto Negotiation - supported, enabled
Physical media capabilities:
1000baseT(FD)
1000baseT(HD)
100base-TX(FD)
100base-TX(HD)
10base-T(FD)
10base-T(HD)
Media Attachment Unit type: 30
Vlan ID: - not advertised
Total entries displayed: 1
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.4
Power available to the device: 15.4
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 5.2
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 5.3
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: None
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: - -
Power Source: - -
Power Priority: - -
Requested Power(W): - -
Allocated Power(W): - -
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: N/A
一旦启动,分配就会降低。
3850_4#sh lldp neighbors te 3/0/44 detail
------------------------------------------------
Local Intf: Te3/0/44
Chassis id: 2c3f.387e.91d0
Port id: Gi0
Port Description: GigabitEthernet0
System Name: AP2.cisco.com
System Description:
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
Time remaining: 108 seconds
System Capabilities: B
Enabled Capabilities: B
Management Addresses:
IP: 10.1.200.2
Auto Negotiation - supported, enabled
Physical media capabilities:
1000baseT(FD)
1000baseT(HD)
100base-TX(FD)
100base-TX(HD)
10base-T(FD)
10base-T(HD)
Media Attachment Unit type: 30
Vlan ID: - not advertised
PoE+ Power-via-MDI TLV:
Power Pair: Signal
Power Class: Class 3
Power Device Type: Type 1 PD
Power Source: PSE
Power Priority: high
Power Requested: 12700 mW
Power Allocated: 12700 mW
Total entries displayed: 1
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.0
Power available to the device: 15.0
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 6.1
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 6.2
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: IEEE 802.3at LLDP
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: Type 2 PSE Type 1 PD
Power Source: Primary PSE
Power Priority: low high
Requested Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Allocated Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: Share
show power inline <interface> detail命令的输出显示比CDP显示的更有关正在执行的协商的信息。在功率协商方面,CDP和LLDP还有另一个主要区别。CDP协商端口(15W)提供的功率量。但是,使用LLDP时,您会看到PD不会协商端口可以提供的电源。它要求民主党拥有多少电力。在本例中为12.7W。交换机(PSE)必须补偿布线损耗,并为端口分配15W。当进行电源协商时,确定故障时请求的功率也是非常关键的。了解设备运行时间以及出错时可能发生的事件可以提供有关根本原因的更多详细信息。例如,IP电话从睡眠状态出来并完全打开屏幕,可以瞬间获得更多功率。
摘要
对于Imax错误,很难确定确切原因。几乎在所有情况下,PD都发现拉动更多电源时出现问题,PD供应商需要参与调查,以调查为什么电源超过与交换机协商的功率。
调查电缆的类型和长度也非常重要,因为这会改变电气特性并影响端口上的电力消耗量。同样重要的是调查功率协商并确认设备请求的功率也是分配的功率量。对于LLDP,需要额外的预算来连接PD和PSE。在某些情况下,使用静态分配的电源,可以解决Imax错误和/或确定设备在端口上超出的电量。PD超过其分配的功率量的确认只能通过功率测量和测试设备来实现。
在Cisco IOS XE版本3.6.5和3.7.5及更高版本中,对Imax错误进行了一些改进:
- 对端口的Icutoff值的重新编程量已减少。
- 端口上允许超拔电源的容量已增加,在某些情况下,这足以防止Imax错误。
- 解决了一些拐角情况,其中Imax错误可能作为虚警出现。