在Catalyst 9000系列交换机上配置ZTP并对其进行故障排除

简介

本文档介绍Cisco Catalyst 9000系列交换机上的零接触调配(ZTP)的配置和调配。 

先决条件

要求 

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

• 交换机上的动态主机配置协议(DHCP)服务器配置
• Python代码基础知识 
• HTTP/TFTP服务基础知识

许可证要求

• Network Advantage或Network Essentials许可证必须处于活动状态。

支持的平台

• 运行16.5.1a版本的Catalyst 9300系列交换机
• 运行16.5.1a版本的Catalyst 9500系列交换机
• 运行16.6.2版的Catalyst 9400系列交换机

设置HTTP服务

步骤1:在终端主机中安装HTTP服务（例如Linux）

sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2

第二步：创建Python文件ztp_http.py

如果出现任何权限问题，请使用chmod 777为文件授予完全权限。

Python文件包含以下任务的代码：

1. 显示命令。

2. 环回配置。

3. 配置验证。

Python代码

#Importing cli module
import cli

print "\n\n Running show version \n\n"
cli.executep('show version')

print "\n\n Configure a Loopback Interface \n\n"
cli.configurep(["interface loop 25", "ip address 192.168.0.25 255.255.255.255", "end"])

print "\n\n Running show ip interface brief \n\n"
cli.executep('show ip int brief | i up')

print "\n\n ZTP is success \n\n"

Python文件的位置。

此文件必须存储在Linux计算机的/var/www/html下。

vm: /var/www/html$ ls -l ztp_http.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 346 Apr 04 14:14 ztp_http.py

第三步：验证HTTP服务和侦听端口

使用service命令验证HTTP服务是否已启动并立即运行。

vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 status
Active: active (running)

验证HTTP服务当前侦听的端口。

vm: /var/www/html$ sudo netstat -anp | grep apache
tcp6 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1998/apache2               <<<< Listens at 80

第四步：端口号的浏览器验证

通过Web浏览器验证文件是否可下载。

1. 打开同一台计算机中的任何浏览器（例如，Linux）。

2. 在搜索栏中输入此URL：  localhost:80/ztp_http.py

3. 自动下载文件。

设置DHCP服务

步骤1:调配接口配置（新设备）

新交换机应连接到G1/0/1。

enable
configure terminal
interface g1/0/1
description New_9300_switch
switchport
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 1

第二步：HTTP服务器连接接口的配置

HTTP服务器(Linux)直接连接到3850交换机（例如，接口G1/0/2）。

enable
configure terminal
interface g1/0/2
description Linux_is_connected_here
switchport
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 1

第三步：DHCP作用域配置

使用选项67配置DHCP池的示例。

enable
configure terminal
ip dhcp pool ZTP_Pool
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.0.1
option 67 ascii http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py
end

确认

当前没有可用于此配置的验证过程。

工作控制台日志

No startup-config, starting autoinstall/pnp/ztp...
Autoinstall will terminate if any input is detected on console

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:   <<<< Do not provide any input during this time.
Autoinstall trying DHCPv6 on Vlan1
Autoinstall trying DHCPv4 on Vlan1
Acquired IPv4 address 10.0.0.10 on Interface Vlan1
Received following DHCPv4 options:
bootfile : http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py
stop Autoip process
OK to enter CLI now...
pnp-discovery can be monitored without entering enable mode
Entering enable mode will stop pnp-discovery
Attempting bootfile http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py

Loading http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py
Loading http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py day0guestshell activated successfully
Current state is: ACTIVATED
day0guestshell started successfully
Current state is: RUNNING
Guestshell enabled successfully


Running show version                           <<<< show command executed


Cisco IOS XE Software, Version 17.06.04
Cisco IOS Software [Bengaluru], Catalyst L3 Switch Software (CAT9K_IOSXE), Version 17.6.4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

<snipped>

Model Number : C9300L-48T-4X
System Serial Number : FOC2531LGM8
CLEI Code Number :
Switch Ports Model SW Version SW Image Mode
------ ----- ----- ---------- ---------- ----
* 1 53 C9300L-48T-4X 17.06.04 CAT9K_IOSXE BUNDLE

Configure a Loopback interface                              <<<< configuration

Line 1 SUCCESS: interface loop 25
Line 2 SUCCESS: ip address 192.168.0.25 255.255.255.255
Line 3 SUCCESS: end




Running show ip int brief                                    <<<< Config Verification


Vlan1 10.0.0.10 YES DHCP up up
Vlan4094 192.168.2.1 YES manual up down
GigabitEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/2 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/3 unassigned YES unset up up
Ap1/0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
Loopback25 192.168.0.25 YES other up up




ZTP is success




Guestshell destroyed successfully
Script execution success!                                   <<<< Success

故障排除

本部分提供的信息可用于对配置进行故障排除。

常见问题

1. 网络中另一个DHCP服务器的存在

No startup-config, starting autoinstall/pnp/ztp...
Autoinstall will terminate if any input is detected on console
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
Autoinstall trying DHCPv6 on Vlan1
Autoinstall trying DHCPv4 on Vlan1
Acquired IPv4 address 192.168.45.117 on Interface Vlan1           <<<< Gets Different IP from another DHCP server.
Received following DHCPv4 options:
hostname : Switch

stop Autoip process
OK to enter CLI now...
pnp-discovery can be monitored without entering enable mode
Entering enable mode will stop pnp-discovery
Guestshell destroyed successfully

stop Autoip process
% Please answer 'yes' or 'no'.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

2. Python代码错误

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
Autoinstall trying DHCPv6 on Vlan1

Autoinstall trying DHCPv4 on Vlan1

Acquired IPv4 address 10.106.37.69 on Interface Vlan1
Received following DHCPv4 options:
bootfile : http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py

stop Autoip process
OK to enter CLI now...

pnp-discovery can be monitored without entering enable mode

Entering enable mode will stop pnp-discovery

Attempting bootfile http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py

Loading http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py
Loading http://10.106.37.59:80/ztp_http.py day0guestshell activated successfully
Current state is: ACTIVATED
day0guestshell started successfully
Current state is: RUNNING
Guestshell enabled successfully
File "/bootflash/guest-share/downloaded_script.py", line 1
print "\n\n Running show version \n\n"
^
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print("\n\n Running show version \n\n")?      <<<< Code Error

Guestshell destroyed successfully
Script execution success!

3. HTTP服务端口号

HTTP服务正在不同的端口上侦听，例如8080，但选项67的DHCP配置指向80。

enable
configure terminal
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.0.2
ip dhcp pool ZTP_Pool
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.0.1
option 67 ascii http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py             <<<< Change to 8080

4. IP地址重复

验证DHCP作用域并排除分配给HTTP服务器的IP地址。

enable
configure terminal
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.0.2                          <<<< Exclude HTTP server address.
ip dhcp pool ZTP_Pool
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.0.1
option 67 ascii http://10.0.0.2:80/ztp_http.py

5. 验证HTTP服务，停止并重新启动

vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 stop
vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 start
vm: /var/www/html$ sudo service apache2 status

数据包详细信息示例

HTTP交换摘要：

10.0.0.10    10.0.0.2    HTTP  183  GET /http_ztp.py HTTP/1.1           <<<< HTTPGETrequest
10.0.0.2     10.0.0.10   HTTP  245  HTTP/1.1 200 OK (text/x-python)     <<<< Response

HTTP响应详细信息：

Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n
Content-Type: text/x-python\r\n
Content-Length: 20\r\n 
Date: Tue, 04 Apr 2023 12:24:02 GMT\r\n
Connection: keep-alive\r\n
Keep-Alive: timeout=5\r\n
\r\n
[HTTP response 1/2]
[Time since request: 0.204568243 seconds]
[Request in frame: 21]
[Next request in frame: 25]
[Next response in frame: 26]
[Request URI: http://10.0.0.2:80/http_ztp.py]                 >>>> URL