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本文档介绍 Cisco Nexus 9000 (9k) 系列交换机上用于虚拟端口通道 (vPC) 的最佳实践
此基础许可证还包括热备份路由器协议 (HSRP)、虚拟路由器冗余协议 (VRRP)、链路汇聚控制协议 (LACP)。
开放最短路径优先 (OSPF) 协议或中间系统到中间系统 (ISIS) 协议等第 3 层功能需要 LAN_ENTERPRISE_SERVICES_PKG 许可证。
本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本:
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态,请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
vPC 交换矩阵对等连接提供增强型双宿主接入解决方案,无需为 vPC 对等链路浪费物理端口,从而避免产生相应开销。
本文档适用于:
本文档还介绍了与 vPC 相关的服务中软件升级 (ISSU) 操作,并提供了有关最新 vPC 增强功能(延迟恢复、网络虚拟接口 [NVE] 接口计时器)的详细信息。
vPC 是一种虚拟化技术,用于使两台 Cisco Nexus 9000 系列配对设备对接入层设备或终端呈现为一个唯一性第 2 层逻辑节点。
vPC 属于多机箱 EtherChannel (MCEC) 技术系列。利用虚拟端口通道 (vPC),可以使以物理方式连接到两台不同 Cisco Nexus 9000 系列设备的链路对第三台设备呈现为单个端口通道。
第三台设备可以是交换机、服务器或支持链路汇聚技术的任何其他网络设备。
vPC 具有以下技术优势:
通过使用 vPC,用户可立即获得以下运维和架构优势:
vPC 通过以下方法同时利用硬件和软件冗余特性:
从 STP 的角度来说,vPC 可以消除 STP 阻塞端口并使用所有可用的上行链路带宽。STP 用作故障安全机制,并且不指定用于 vPC 连接设备的第 2 层路径。
在 vPC 域中,用户可以通过多种方式连接接入设备:通过端口通道利用主用/主用行为的 vPC 连接、包括 STP 的主用/备用连接,以及在接入设备上运行的不带 STP 的单个连接。
在图中,主机连接到一对具有 vPC 域 ID 的 Nexus 9000 交换机,但主机配置的交换机本身不运行 vPC。接入交换机/主机在不了解 vPC 的情况下将上行链路注册为简单端口通道。
Leaf-1
vlan 2
vn-segment 10002
vlan 10
vn-segment 10010
route-map PERMIT-ALL permit 10
vrf context test
vni 10002
rd auto
address-family ipv4 unicast
route-target both auto
route-target both auto evpn
interface nve1
no shutdown
host-reachability protocol bgp
source-interface loopback1
member vni 10002 associate-vrf
member vni 10010
suppress-arp
mcast-group 239.1.1.1
interface loopback0
ip address 10.1.1.1/32
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
no shutdown
interface loopback1
ip address 10.2.1.1/32
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
no shutdown
Leaf-2
vlan 2
vn-segment 10002
vlan 10
vn-segment 10010
route-map PERMIT-ALL permit 10
vrf context test
vni 10002
rd auto
address-family ipv4 unicast
route-target both auto
route-target both auto evpn
interface nve1
no shutdown
host-reachability protocol bgp
advertise virtual-rmac
source-interface loopback1
member vni 10002
associate-vrf member
vni 10010
suppress-arp
mcast-group 239.1.1.1
interface loopback1
ip address 10.2.1.4/32
ip address 10.2.1.10/32 secondary
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
icam monitor scale
interface loopback0
ip address 10.1.1.4/32
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
no shutdown
Leaf-2(config-if)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.26 source 10.201.182.25
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
Leaf-3
vlan 2
vn-segment 10002
vlan 10
vn-segment 10010
route-map PERMIT-ALL permit 10
vrf context test
vni 10002
rd auto
address-family ipv4 unicast
route-target both auto
route-target both auto evpn
interface nve1
no shutdown
host-reachability protocol bgp
advertise virtual-rmac
source-interface loopback1
member vni 10002
associate-vrf member
vni 10010
suppress-arp
mcast-group 239.1.1.1
interface loopback1
ip address 10.2.1.3/32
ip address 10.2.1.10/32 secondary
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
icam monitor scale
interface loopback0
ip address 10.1.1.3/32
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
Leaf-3(config-if)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.25 source 10.201.182.26
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
Spine-1
interface loopback0
ip address 10.3.1.1/32
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
Host-1
interface Vlan10
no shutdown
vrf member test
ip address 172.16.1.101/25
Host-2
interface Vlan10
no shutdown
vrf member test
ip address 172.16.1.102/25
使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。
ip interface Status for VRF "test"(3) Interface ip Address Interface Status |
IP Interface Status for VRF "test"(3) interface IP Address Interface Status |
本部分提供的信息可用于对配置进行故障排除。
Leaf-2(config-if)# show vpc bri vPC status ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please check "show vpc consistency-parameters vpc <vpc-num>" for the consistency reason of down vpc and for type-2 consistency reasons for |
Leaf-3(config-if)# show vpc bri Virtual-peerlink mode : Disabled vPC status ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please check "show vpc consistency-parameters vpc <vpc-num>" for the consistency reason of down vpc and for type-2 consistency reasons for |
Leaf-2
Leaf-2(config-vpc-domain)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.26
virtual peer-link destination 10.1.1.3 source 10.1.1.4 dscp 56
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface Ethernet1/46
mtu 9216
port-type fabric
ip address 192.168.2.1/24
ip ospf network point-to-point
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
no shutdown
Leaf-3
Leaf-3(config-vpc-domain)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.25
virtual peer-link destination 10.1.1.4 source 10.1.1.3 dscp 56
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface Ethernet1/47
mtu 9216
port-type fabric
ip address 192.168.1.1/24
ip ospf network point-to-point
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
no shutdown
使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。
show vpc brief
show vpc role
show vpc virtual-peerlink vlan consistency
show vpc fabric-ports
show vpc consistency-para global
show nve interface nve 1 detail
Leaf-2
Leaf-2(config-if-range)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.26 source 10.201.182.25
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
interface port-channel40
vpc 40
Leaf-3
Leaf-3(config-if-range)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.25 source 10.201.182.26
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
interface port-channel40
vpc 40
Leaf-4
Leaf-4(config-if)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 2
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.29 source 10.201.182.28
peer-gateway
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
interface port-channel40
vpc 40
Leaf-5
Leaf-5(config-if)# show running-config vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 2
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.28 source 10.201.182.29
peer-gateway
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
interface port-channel40
vpc 40
在双面vPC中,两台Nexus 9000交换机都运行vPC。Nexus 9000 交换机的每个 vPC 对都连接到具有唯一 vPC 的汇聚 vPC 对。
Leaf-2
Leaf-2(config-if-range)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.26
virtual peer-link destination 10.1.1.3 source 10.1.1.4 dscp 56
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
interface port-channel40
vpc 40
Leaf-3
Leaf-3(config-if-range)# show run vpc
feature vpc
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.201.182.25
virtual peer-link destination 10.1.1.4 source 10.1.1.3 dscp 56
peer-gateway
ip arp synchronize
interface port-channel10
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel20
vpc 20
interface port-channel40
vpc 40
Leaf-4 and Leaf-5 configuration is similar as double-sided vPC.
本部分提供了可用于对配置进行故障排除的信息。
Leaf-4(config-if)# show spanning-tree VLAN0010 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32778 Address 0023.04ee.be01 Cost 5 Port 4105 (port-channel10) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10) Address 0023.04ee.be02 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Po10 Root FWD 4 128.4105 (vPC peer-link) Network P2p Po20 Desg FWD 1 128.4115 (vPC) P2p Po40 Root FWD 1 128.4135 (vPC) P2p VLAN0020 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32788 Address 0023.04ee.be02 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32788 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 20) Address 0023.04ee.be02 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Po10 Root FWD 4 128.4105 (vPC peer-link) Network P2p Po20 Desg FWD 1 128.4115 (vPC) P2p Po40 Desg FWD 1 128.4135 (vPC) P2p |
Leaf-5(config-if)# show spanning-tree VLAN0010 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32778 Address 0023.04ee.be01 Cost 1 Port 4135 (port-channel40) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10) Address 0023.04ee.be02 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Po10 Desg FWD 4 128.4105 (vPC peer-link) Network P2p Po20 Desg FWD 1 128.4115 (vPC) P2p Po40 Root FWD 1 128.4135 (vPC) P2p VLAN0020 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32788 Address 0023.04ee.be02 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32788 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 20) Address 0023.04ee.be02 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Po10 Desg FWD 4 128.4105 (vPC peer-link) Network P2p Po20 Desg FWD 1 128.4115 (vPC) P2p Po40 Desg FWD 1 128.4135 (vPC) P2p Leaf-5(config-if)# |
Leaf-2(config-if-range)# show spanning-tree VLAN0001 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32769 Address 0023.04ee.be01 Cost 0 Port 0 () Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1) Address 003a.9c28.2cc7 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Eth1/47 Desg FWD 4 128.185 P2p VLAN0010 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32778 Address 0023.04ee.be01 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10) Address 0023.04ee.be01 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Po10 Desg FWD 4 128.4105 (vPC peer-link) Network P2p Po40 Desg FWD 1 128.4135 (vPC) P2p Eth1/47 Desg FWD 4 128.185 P2p Leaf-2(config-if-range)# |
Leaf-3(config-if-range)# show spanning-tree VLAN0010 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32778 Address 0023.04ee.be01 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10) Address 0023.04ee.be01 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Po10 Root FWD 4 128.4105 (vPC peer-link) Network P2p Po40 Desg FWD 1 128.4135 (vPC) P2p Leaf-3(config-if-range)# |
本节介绍无中断软件升级的最佳实践,在配置vPC域时使用Cisco ISSU。vPC系统NX-OS升级(或降级)vPC功能与Cisco ISSU完全兼容。
在 vPC 环境中,建议使用 ISSU 对系统进行升级。vPC 系统可以在不中断流量的情况下独立升级。升级为序列化操作,一次只能运行一个升级操作。ISSU 期间的配置锁定可防止两台 vPC 对等设备同步升级(启动 ISSU 时,在另一台 vPC 对等设备上会自动锁定配置)。要执行 ISSU 操作,只需 1 个旋钮。
注意:采用 FEX 的 vPC(主机 vPC)也完全支持 ISSU。当升级的vPC域具有FEX时,零数据包丢失。服务器通过标准端口通道双连接到两个不同的FEX,并不知道升级操作发生在网络中。
switch#install all nxos bootflash:<image name>
vPC 对等设备 1 (9K1)(首先在主 vPC 对等设备还是辅助 vPC 对等设备上加载代码无关紧要)使用 ISSU。请注意,另一台 vPC 对等设备 (9K2) 已锁定其配置,以防止对交换机进行任何操作。
注:从7.x升级到9.3.8/9.3.9使vPC上的40g端口关闭。如果对等链路使用40 G连接,建议将两台交换机升级到9.3.8/9.3.9,以便启用40G或需要遵循以下路径:I7(7) - 9.3(1) - 9.3(9)。
show version
show module
show spanning-tree summary
show vlan summary
show ip interface brief
show port-channel summary
show vpc
show vpc brief
show vpc role
show vpc peer-keepalives
show vpc statistics peer-keepalive
show vpc consistency-parameters global
show vpc consistency-parameters interface port-channel<>
show vpc consistency-parameters vlans
show run vpc all
show hsrp brief
show hsrp
show run hsrp
show hsrp interface vlan <vlan_number>
Show vrrp
Show vrrp brief
Show vrrp interface vlan <vlan_number>
Show run vrrp
确保通过冗余交换机上的共享命令将流量转移到冗余交换机。
show vpc
show vpc statistics
show ip route vrf all summary
show ip mroute vrf all summary
show ip interface brief
show interface status
show port-channel summary
show hsrp brief
Show vrrp brief
确保替换设备已设置正确的映像和许可证。
show version
show module
show diagnostic results module all detail
show license
show license usage
show system internal mts buffer summary|detail
show logging logfile
show logging nvram
如果启用了自动恢复,请在更换期间将其禁用。
Leaf-2(config)# vpc domain 1
Leaf-2(config-vpc-domain)# no auto-recovery
Leaf-2(config-if)# show vpc bri
Legend:
(*) - local vPC is down, forwarding via vPC peer-link
vPC domain id : 1
Peer status : peer adjacency formed ok
vPC keep-alive status : peer is alive
Configuration consistency status : success
Per-vlan consistency status : success
Type-2 consistency status : success
vPC role : primary
Number of vPCs configured : 1
Peer Gateway : Enabled
Dual-active excluded VLANs : - Graceful Consistency Check : Enabled
Auto-recovery status : Disabled
Delay-restore status : Timer is off. (timeout = 30s)
Delay-restore SVI status : Timer is off (timeout = 10s)
Delay-restore Orphan-port status : Timer is off.(timeout = 0s)
Operational Layer3 Peer-router : Disabled
Virtual-peerlink mode : Disabled
确保粘滞位设置为 False。
Leaf-5(config-vpc-domain)# show sys internal vpcm info all | i i stick
OOB Peer Version: 2 OOB peer was alive: TRUE Sticky Master: FALSE
show version
show module
show diagnostics result module all detail
show environment
show license usage
show interface status
show ip interface brief
show interface status err-disabled
show cdp neighbors
show redundancy status
show spanning-tree summary
show port-channel summary
show vpc
show vpc brief
show vpc role
show vpc peer-keepalives
show vpc statistics peer-keepalive
show vpc consistency-parameters global
show vpc consistency-parameters interface port-channel1
show vpc consistency-parameters vlans
show hsrp brief
show vrrp brief
在 vPC VXLAN 上,如果 SVI 的数量增加,建议在 vPC 配置下增加 delay restore interface-vlan(延迟恢复接口 VLAN)计时器。例如,如果有1000个VNI和1000个SVI,则建议将延迟恢复接口VLAN计时器增加到45秒。
switch(config-vpc-domain)# delay restore interface-vlan 45
Leaf-2(config-if-range)# show nve interface nve 1 detail
Interface: nve1, State: Up, encapsulation: VXLAN
VPC Capability: VPC-VIP-Only [notified]
Local Router MAC: 003a.9c28.2cc7
Host Learning Mode: Control-Plane
Source-Interface: loopback1 (primary: 10.1.1.41.1.4, secondary: 10.1.1.10)
Source Interface State: Up
Virtual RMAC Advertisement: Yes
NVE Flags:
Interface Handle: 0x49000001
Source Interface hold-down-time: 180
Source Interface hold-up-time: 30
Remaining hold-down time: 0 seconds
Virtual Router MAC: 0200.1401.010a
Interface state: nve-intf-add-complete
Fabric convergence time: 135 seconds
Fabric convergence time left: 0 seconds
vPC 对等交换机功能允许一对 vPC 对等设备在第 2 层拓扑中显示为单个生成树协议根(它们具有相同的网桥 ID)。 两台 vPC 对等设备上必须配置 vPC 对等交换机,才能正常运行。命令如下:
N9K(config-vpc-domain)# peer-switch
利用 vPC 对等网关,vPC 对等设备可以充当发往另一台对等设备路由器 MAC 的数据包的活动网关。它持续将本地流量转发到 vPC 对等设备,并避免使用对等链路。当它激活对等网关功能时,不会对流量和功能产生影响。
N9k-1(config)# vpc domain 1
N9k-1(config-vpc-domain)# peer-gateway
引入了 Layer3 peer-router 命令,可用于在 vPC 上启用路由。
N9k-1(config)# vpc domain 1
N9k-1(config-vpc-domain)# layer3 peer-router
N9K-1(config-vpc-domain)# exit
N9K-1# sh vpc
Legend:(*)
- local vPC is down, forwarding via vPC peer-link
vPC domain id : 100
Peer status : peer adjacency formed ok
vPC keep-alive status : peer is alive
Configuration consistency status : success
Per-vlan consistency status : success
Type-2 consistency status : success
vPC role : secondary, operational primary
Number of vPCs configured : 2
Peer Gateway : Enabled
Peer gateway excluded VLANs : -
Peer gateway excluded bridge-domains : -
Dual-active excluded VLANs and BDs : -
Graceful Consistency Check : Enabled
Auto-recovery status : Enabled (timeout = 240 seconds)
Operational Layer3 Peer-router : Enabled
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
2.0 |
06-Dec-2023 |
添加了Alt文本。
已更新样式要求、参与者列表和格式。 |
1.0 |
19-Oct-2022 |
初始版本 |