在CUCM和IM&上配置NTP并对其进行故障排除；P

简介

本文档介绍适用于Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM)的网络时间协议(NTP)。 

先决条件

要求

本文档没有任何特定的要求。

使用的组件

本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

功能的用途

本文档介绍使用CUCM的NTP的用途、NTP的配置、收集哪些数据以进行故障排除、数据示例分析以及更多研究的相关资源。

带CUCM的NTP旨在确保服务器知道正确的时间。CUCM服务器中的时间非常重要，因为互联网协议语音(VOIP)对时间变化极其敏感。

CUCM群集必须保持与群集中的其他服务器接近的时间同步，这是因为数据库复制要求。

最后，故障排除时间很重要，因为您希望在日志中具有正确的时间戳。

配置

CUCM不支持Windows NTP服务器；但是，可以接受其他类型，如Linux NTP源、Cisco IOS® NTP源和Nexus OS NTP源。

虽然其他思科解决方案可以将Windows Server用于NTP解决方案，但是Call Manager、Cisco Unity以及即时消息和在线状态等UC解决方案无法做到这一点，因此需要基于Linux或基于Cisco IOS®的NTP解决方案。

这是因为Windows Time Services经常使用SNTP，而Linux系统很难与该SNTP同步。

网络图

CUCM发布方需要不是CUCM集群成员的NTP源；因此，CUCM发布方会将其时间与NTP服务器同步。在此交换中，CUCM发布方是NTP客户端。

CUCM用户将其时间与CUCM发布方同步。在此交换中，CUCM发布方是CUCM用户作为NTP客户端所在的NTP服务器。

注意：请注意，思科即时消息和在线状态(IM&P)服务器也被认为是CUCM集群的用户，因此它们也依赖于CUCM NTP。换句话说，如果NTP在IM&P服务器上不同步，则会导致系统中的数据库复制和高可用性出现问题。

安装过程

安装CUCM后，系统会提示确定服务器是否为集群中的第一个节点。

如果服务器不是群集中的第一个节点，则安装向导将超出NTP配置阶段；但是，如果是NTP服务器群集中的第一个节点，则系统会提示您输入NTP服务器。

安装后，使用操作系统管理网页

安装后，使用命令行界面

 如图所示，您可以在CUCM服务器中找到用于访问和修改NTP服务器的命令。

• 命令utils ntp server list显示系统上配置的NTP服务器。

• 命令utils ntp server add ntp_address将新的NTP服务器添加到系统。

注意：请记住，如果您想要添加新的NTP服务器，CUCM服务器会在添加之前测试可接通性，如果失败，则会显示下一个错误。

• 使用utils ntp server delete命令可以删除系统中已配置的任何NTP。

故障排除

要收集的数据

排除NTP故障时，您需要从出现NTP问题的任何CUCM服务器收集此数据：

• 命令utils diagnose test的输出。
• 该命令的输出将使用ntp status。
• 从CUCM从思科实时监控工具(RTMT)收集的NTP日志。

示例分析

例如，已使用CUCM发布方和NTP的以下信息：

CUCM发布服务器

版本：11.5(1) SU5

FQDN：cucm-115.home.lab

IP地址以192.X.X.X开头

NTP

从Google NTP服务器

FQDN：time1.example.com.ntp

IP地址以216.X.X.X开头

CUCM的PCAP审核-无文件

注意端口号是123。这是NTP的端口。在文本框中的命令输出中，您可以看到NTP版本为4，如NTPv4所述。您还可以注意发布者，它在与time1.example.com建立通信时充当客户端；但是，它在与cucm-sub1、cucm-sub2和cucm-sub3建立通信时充当服务器。

From the CLI of the publisher run the command "utils network capture port 123"

Wait until you see traffic (this can take a little time, or it may be instant) then hit 
ctrl+c. Look in the traffic to find where your publisher is communicating with its NTP 
server and the NTP server is communication with the publisher (if the NTP server isn't 
replying then it is an issue in the network or with the NTP server). The primary focus of 
this output is the NTP version. In CUCM 9 and later NTP version 3 (NTPv3) can cause issues
 and an NTP source using NTPv4 should be the NTP server for the publisher.

admin:utils network capture size all count 10000000 port 123
Executing command with options:
 size=128                count=1000              interface=eth0
 src=dest=                   port=123
 ip=

16:08:43.199710 IP cucm-sub3.home.lab.39417 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:08:43.199737 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub3.home.lab.39417: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:08:43.199823 IP cucm-sub3.home.lab.39417 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:08:43.199859 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub3.home.lab.39417: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.640980 IP cucm-115.home.lab.50141 > time1.example.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.654675 IP time1.example.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.50141: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.654733 IP cucm-115.home.lab.50141 > time1.example.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.667368 IP time1.example.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.50141: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.668612 IP cucm-115.home.lab.50141 > time1.example.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.681366 IP time1.example.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.50141: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.681518 IP cucm-115.home.lab.50141 > time1.google.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.694108 IP time1.google.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.50141: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.875016 IP cucm-115.home.lab.48422 > time1.google.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.884476 IP cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.884568 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.884954 IP cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.884999 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.885381 IP cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.885423 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.886147 IP cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.886184 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub3.home.lab.58072: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.888555 IP time1.google.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.48422: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.888642 IP cucm-115.home.lab.48422 > time1.google.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.900926 IP time1.google.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.48422: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.901017 IP cucm-115.home.lab.48422 > time1.google.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.913497 IP time1.google.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.48422: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:01.913566 IP cucm-115.home.lab.48422 > time1.google.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:01.926693 IP time1.google.com.ntp > cucm-115.home.lab.48422: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.038981 IP cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.039117 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.039281 IP cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.039345 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.039434 IP cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.039535 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.039607 IP cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.039814 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub2.home.lab.42078: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.066544 IP cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.066622 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.066751 IP cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.066892 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.066968 IP cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.067104 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400: NTPv4, Server, length 48
16:09:02.067155 IP cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400 > cucm-115.home.lab.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
16:09:02.067189 IP cucm-115.home.lab.ntp > cucm-sub1.home.lab.46400: NTPv4, Server, length 48

CUCM PCAP评审-包含文件

用于排除数据包捕获中NTP问题的过滤器为：udp.port == 123。使用该过滤器，您可以看到CUCM发布方已与Google NTP服务器建立通信，并且CUCM发布方也已与CUCM用户通信。

CUCM CLI输出回顾

实用工具ntp状态输出

NOTE: All nodes will show the current time in UTC regardless of the time zone of the server
(listed in UTC time). This makes it easy to compare times on the different CUCM nodes.

NOTE: If there is a time difference of 15 minutes or more, it is expected that DB replication
will be broken

1) If the publisher is ahead by 15 minutes, this can result in the pub send data to the
sub and the sub would have a delay to process the data because it has not yet reached the time
in the timestamp of the packets from the publisher (this is expected behavior in this type of situation)

2) If  the subscriber is ahead by 15 minutes, this would result in the subscriber drop
the data from the publisher because the subscriber sees it as old data (15 minutes old)

admin:utils ntp status
ntpd (pid 28435) is running...

     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
 203.0.113.0    .GOOG.           1 u   44   64    3   11.724   -0.021   0.064


unsynchronised
   polling server every 8 s

Current time in UTC is : Fri Sep  6 20:54:50 UTC 2019
Current time in America/New_York is : Fri Sep  6 16:54:50 EDT 2019
admin:

请阅读以下信息，因为它详细说明了前面的输出。

The very first column contains the "tally code" character. Short overview: 

    * the source you are synchronized to (syspeer)
    # source selected, distance exceeds maximum value
    o the PPS(Pulse Per Second) source if your ntpd (ppspeer, only if you have a PPS capable system and refclock)
    + candidate, i.e. it is considered a good source
    - outlyer, i.e. quality is not good enough
    x falseticker, i.e. this one is considered to distribute bad time
    blank: source discarded, failed sanity 

See the Select field of the Peer status word on the NTP Event Messages and
Status Words page for more information on the tally codes.

remote

    the hostname or IP of the remote machine. 

refid

    the identification of the time source to which the remote machines is synced.
    May be (for example) a radio clock or another ntp server) 

st

    the stratum of the remote machine. 16 is "unsynchronized". 0 is the best
    value, that could be (for example) a radio clock or the ntp servers private
    caesium clock (see http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/html/index.html#intro
    for more information about ntp in general). 

t

    types available:

        l = local (such as a GPS, WWVB)
        u = unicast (most common)
        m = multicast
        b = broadcast
        - = netaddr 

when

    how many seconds since the last poll of the remote machine. 

poll

    the polling interval in seconds. 

reach

    an 8-bit left-rotating register. Any 1 bit means that a "time packet" was
    received. The right most bit indicate the status of the last connection
    with the NTP server. It is Octal number. Use calculator in progammer
    interface to translate from OCT to BIN: For example 377 translates to
    11111111. Each 1 means a successful connection to the NTP server. If you
    just start a NTP service, and it connects successfully with its server, this
    number will change as follows (if connectivity is good): 

    00000001 = 001
    00000011 = 003
    00000111 = 007
    00001111 = 017
    00011111 = 037
    00111111 = 077
    01111111 = 177
    11111111 = 377 

delay

    the time delay (in milliseconds) to communicate with the remote. 

offset

    the offset (in milliseconds) between our time and that of the remote. 

jitter

    the observed jitter (in milliseconds) of time with the remote. 

实用工具诊断测试输出

admin:utils diagnose test

Log file: platform/log/diag1.log

Starting diagnostic test(s)
===========================
test - disk_space          : Passed (available: 6463 MB, used: 12681 MB)
skip - disk_files          : This module must be run directly and off hours
test - service_manager     : Passed
test - tomcat              : Passed
test - tomcat_deadlocks    : Passed
test - tomcat_keystore     : Passed
test - tomcat_connectors   : Passed
test - tomcat_threads      : Passed
test - tomcat_memory       : Passed
test - tomcat_sessions     : Passed
skip - tomcat_heapdump     : This module must be run directly and off hours
test - validate_network    : Passed
test - raid                : Passed
test - system_info         : Passed (Collected system information in diagnostic log)
test - ntp_reachability    : Passed
test - ntp_clock_drift     : Passed
test - ntp_stratum         : Passed
skip - sdl_fragmentation   : This module must be run directly and off hours
skip - sdi_fragmentation   : This module must be run directly and off hours

Diagnostics Completed


 The final output will be in Log file: platform/log/diag1.log


 Please use 'file view activelog platform/log/diag1.log' command to see the output

admin:

如果NTP在utils diagnose test输出中失败，您会看到类似于下面的内容：

admin:utils diagnose test

Log file: platform/log/diag1.log

Starting diagnostic test(s)
===========================
test - disk_space          : Passed (available: 6463 MB, used: 12681 MB)
skip - disk_files          : This module must be run directly and off hours
test - service_manager     : Passed
test - tomcat              : Passed
test - tomcat_deadlocks    : Passed
test - tomcat_keystore     : Passed
test - tomcat_connectors   : Passed
test - tomcat_threads      : Passed
test - tomcat_memory       : Passed
test - tomcat_sessions     : Passed
skip - tomcat_heapdump     : This module must be run directly and off hours
test - validate_network    : Passed
test - raid                : Passed
test - system_info         : Passed (Collected system information in diagnostic log)
test - ntp_reachability    : Warning
The NTP service is restarting, it can take about 5 minutes.

test - ntp_clock_drift     : Warning
The local clock is not synchronised.
None of the designated NTP servers are reachable/functioning or legitimate.

test - ntp_stratum         : Warning
The local clock is not synchronised.
None of the designated NTP servers are reachable/functioning or legitimate.

skip - sdl_fragmentation   : This module must be run directly and off hours

确认NTP在安装时状态良好。运行以下命令：

从cdrtime > getCurrTime()的设备运行sql select pkid，name，dbinfo('utc_to_datetime'， cdrtime) as CDRTIME

此命令将当前时间与cdrtime（修改表时）进行比较。如果在安装/升级中使用了错误的NTP，然后更正了NTP，则每次进行更改时，数据库都会失去同步。当您运行典型的NTP命令(例如，utils ntp status)时，不会看到此问题，因为您从错误的NTP源转向了好的NTP源。

最好将错误的NTP移出到好的NTP；但是，移到好的NTP源不会修复安装/升级时创建的表。

运行此命令时，预期输出如下：

admin:run sql select pkid,name,dbinfo('utc_to_datetime', cdrtime) as CDRTIME  from device where cdrtime > getCurrTime()

pkid name cdrtime

==== ==== =======

admin:

如果您有与下一个类似的输出，则表明用于安装/升级的NTP尚未使用，并且已导致影响数据库复制的问题：

admin:run sql select pkid,name,dbinfo('utc_to_datetime', cdrtime) as CDRTIME from device where cdrtime > getCurrTime()

pkid                                    name          cdrtime

=============================           =====         =====================

bf80dd31-9911-43ce-81fd-a99ec0333fb5    MTP_2         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
4c38fc05-760d-4afb-96e8-69333c195e74    CFB_2         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
90878c80-e213-4c7e-82b9-6c780aac72f3    ANN_2         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
08b5bff4-da94-4dfb-88af-ea9ffa96872c    MOH_2         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
93320e4d-1b73-4099-9a7c-c4cddfadb5d9    MTP_3         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
a6850d42-5f0a-49ce-9fa3-80d45b800e23    CFB_3         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
9963c9cb-58b0-4191-93e1-8676584f6461    ANN_3         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
def79fb7-c801-4fb3-85fb-4e94310bf0bd    MOH_3         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
4cd64584-089b-4331-9291-79774330cbc     2 MTP_4       2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
27b18882-db83-4d14-8bce-d3f8dc439610    CFB_4         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
a40da882-e04f-4649-b2eb-2f79d1289e81    ANN_4         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0
36575ff4-cdea-4945-87e7-638cc555463e    MOH_4         2016-09-11 14:38:14.0

进一步考虑事项

1)如果在未考虑虚拟机硬件的情况下升级ESXi主机，可能会遇到NTP问题。

2)确保ESXi版本符合虚拟化矩阵。
3)确保ESXi版本和硬件版本兼容。

相关信息

• 技术支持和文档 - Cisco Systems
• 思科协作系统10.x解决方案参考网络设计(SRND)
• 从CLI和其他有用信息更改CUCM中的NTP源
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager上的NTP故障排除
• 网络时间协议：最佳实践白皮书
• CUCM 设备型号上的数据包捕获