瞭解基本BGP疑難排解
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已更新: 2024 年 2 月 7 日
文件 ID:220604
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簡介
本檔案介紹進行邊界閘道通訊協定(BGP)疑難排解和瞭解Nexus基本輸出的程式。
必要條件
需求
思科建議您瞭解以下主題：
- Nexus交換機
- BGP
採用元件
本文件所述內容不限於特定軟體和硬體版本。
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
背景資訊
BGP是一種外部網關協定，用於大規模網路，以在自治系統(AS)之間交換路由和可達性資訊。它是支援Internet全域性路由系統的核心路由協定。
確定為BGP對等體實施的配置
驗證Nexus 9300上啟用了BGP功能。
識別並理解BGP進程的配置。
switch# show running-config bgp
!Command: show running-config bgp
!Running configuration last done at: Tue Jul 18 19:45:05 2023
!Time: Tue Jul 18 19:45:44 2023
version 10.2(4) Bios:version 05.47
feature bgp
router bgp 64512 -> The AS number of the local BGP speaker.
router-id 172.17.255.255 -> BGP speaker identifier.
address-family ipv4 unicast -> Global address family configuration.
network 10.100.1.0/24 -> Specifies a network as local to this autonomous system and adds it to the BGP routing table.
redistribute direct route-map permit_all -> Routes redistribution from other routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, Static)
neighbor 10.1.1.1 -> IP address of the remote BGP peer.
remote-as 64512 -> The AS number of the remote BGP peer.*
address-family ipv4 unicast -> Local address family configuration.
prefix-list allow_in in -> Prefix-list applied at the inbound of the BGP peer. **
prefix-list allow_out out -> Prefix-list applied at the outbound of the BGP peer. **
soft-reconfiguration inbound always -> Store the inbound BGP route updates.
neighbor 172.18.255.255
remote-as 65535
update-source loopback10 -> Interface used to source BGP updates.
ebgp-multihop 3 -> Maximum hops to reach peer IP address, it modifies the TTL of the BGP packets
address-family ipv4 unicast
route-map block_route in -> Route-map applied at the inbound of the BGP peer. **
route-map no_local out -> Route-map applied at the outbound of the BGP peer. **
soft-reconfiguration inbound always
注意：在本地和遠端配置的相同ASN用於標識iBGP會話，而配置的不同ASN用於標識eBGP會話。
路由對映的層次結構值高於應用於同一對等體的字首清單。
如何理解基本BGP輸出
BGP對等體狀態
switch# show ip bgp summary
BGP summary information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP router identifier 172.17.255.255, local AS number 64512 -> Local BGP ID and ASN
BGP table version is 67, IPv4 Unicast config peers 2, capable peers 2
20 network entries and 19 paths using 5424 bytes of memory
BGP attribute entries [6/2112], BGP AS path entries [2/20]
BGP community entries [0/0], BGP clusterlist entries [0/0]
13 received paths for inbound soft reconfiguration
12 identical, 0 modified, 1 filtered received paths using 96 bytes
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.1.1.1 4 64512 346 334 67 0 0 05:25:12 8 -> BGP peer IP address, remote ASN, Time session has been established or down, amount of prefixes received.
172.18.255.255 4 65535 334 327 67 0 0 05:18:00 8
註：「開啟/關閉」部分顯示BGP對等會話已開啟或關閉的時間。
State/PfxRcd部分顯示會話當前所在的BGP狀態。它顯示建立狀態時從對等體學習的字首數。
BGP狀態 |
|
|---|---|
| 空閒 | 這是BGP等待「開始事件」的第一個狀態。當某人配置新的BGP鄰居或重置已建立的BGP對等時，會發生start事件。 |
| 連線 | BGP正在等待TCP三次握手完成。成功後，它會繼續進入OpenSent狀態。如果它失敗，我們繼續進入Active狀態。 |
| Active（作用中） | BGP會嘗試另一個TCP三次握手，以與遠端BGP鄰居建立連線。如果成功，則移至OpenSent狀態。如果ConnectRetry計時器過期，則我們返回到連線狀態。 |
| OpenSent | 在此狀態下，BGP等待來自遠端BGP鄰居的Open消息。 |
| OpenConfirm | BGP等待來自遠端BGP鄰居的keepalive消息。 |
| 已建立 | BGP鄰居鄰接關係完成，BGP路由器將傳送更新資料包以交換路由資訊。 |
瞭解BGP對等體資訊。
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 10.1.1.1
BGP neighbor is 10.1.1.1, remote AS 64512, ibgp link, Peer index 3 -> Peer IP address, remote ASN, type of bgp peering.
BGP version 4, remote router ID 172.16.255.255 -> BGP version, Peer Router ID
Neighbor previous state = OpenConfirm -> Previous BGP state
BGP state = Established, up for 00:05:29 -> Current BGP state and amount of time on it
Neighbor vrf: default -> VRF used for the peering.
Peer is directly attached, interface Ethernet1/49 -> Interface used to source the updates
Last read 00:00:28, hold time = 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds -> Amount of time from last keepalive received and BGP timers (default)
Last written 00:00:28, keepalive timer expiry due 00:00:31 -> Amount of time from last keepalive sent
Received 363 messages, 0 notifications, 0 bytes in queue
Sent 354 messages, 1 notifications, 0(0) bytes in queue
Enhanced error processing: On
0 discarded attributes
Connections established 2, dropped 1 -> Counters informing the amount of times the BGP seesion has gone up/down
Last update recd 00:05:28, Last update sent = 00:05:28 -> Timer of the last major bgp table update sent and received.
Last reset by us 00:06:21, due to holdtimer expired error -> Last reset timer and reset reason.
Last error length sent: 0
Reset error value sent: 0
Reset error sent major: 4 minor: 0
Notification data sent:
Last reset by peer never, due to No error
Last error length received: 0
Reset error value received 0
Reset error received major: 0 minor: 0
Notification data received:
Neighbor capabilities:
Dynamic capability: advertised (mp, refresh, gr) received (mp, refresh, gr)
Dynamic capability (old): advertised received
Route refresh capability (new): advertised received
Route refresh capability (old): advertised received
4-Byte AS capability: advertised received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised received
Graceful Restart capability: advertised received
Graceful Restart Parameters:
Address families advertised to peer:
IPv4 Unicast
Address families received from peer:
IPv4 Unicast
Forwarding state preserved by peer for:
Restart time advertised to peer: 120 seconds
Stale time for routes advertised by peer: 300 seconds
Restart time advertised by peer: 120 seconds
Extended Next Hop Encoding Capability: advertised received
Receive IPv6 next hop encoding Capability for AF:
IPv4 Unicast VPNv4 Unicast
Message statistics:
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 2 2
Notifications: 1 0
Updates: 22 20
Keepalives: 340 339
Route Refresh: 1 0
Capability: 2 2
Total: 354 363
Total bytes: 7949 7524
Bytes in queue: 0 0
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version 88, neighbor version 88
8 accepted prefixes (8 paths), consuming 2176 bytes of memory
0 received prefixes treated as withdrawn
11 sent prefixes (11 paths) -> Amount of prefixes advertises to peer.
Inbound soft reconfiguration allowed(always)
Third-party Nexthop will not be computed.
Inbound ip prefix-list configured is allow_in, handle obtained
Outbound ip prefix-list configured is allow_out, handle obtained
Last End-of-RIB received 00:00:01 after session start
Last End-of-RIB sent 00:00:01 after session start
First convergence 00:00:01 after session start with 11 routes sent
Local host: 10.1.1.2, Local port: 28262
Foreign host: 10.1.1.1, Foreign port: 179
fd = 73
瞭解BGP表
此輸出顯示BGP表中獲取的所有字首的狀態、下一跳、度量、本地優先順序、權重和AS路徑。
switch# show ip bgp
BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>r10.1.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
*>i10.100.1.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.2.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.3.0/24 10.1.1.1 150 0 i
*>i10.100.4.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.5.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.6.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.7.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.8.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>r172.17.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>r192.168.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
字首會通告給特定BGP鄰居。
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 advertised-routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i10.100.1.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.2.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.3.0/24 10.1.1.1 150 0 i
*>i10.100.4.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.5.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.6.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.7.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.8.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
在任何過濾器（字首清單和/或路由對映）之前從BGP對等體接收的字首*
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 received-routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* e172.18.255.255/32 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
附註
在篩選條件之後從BGP對等點接收的字首（prefixes-list和/或路由對映）
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
特定首碼的詳細路徑資訊。
switch# show ip bgp 172.30.6.0
BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP routing table entry for 172.30.6.0/24, version 28 -> Prefix and mask
Paths: (3 available, best #3) -> Number of possible paths and which one is selected as best option
Flags: (0x8000001a) (high32 00000000) on xmit-list, is in urib, is best urib route, is in HW
Path type: external, path is valid, not best reason: Router Id, no labeled nexthop
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS -> As Path to reach the prefix*
172.20.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.20.255.255 (172.20.255.255) -> Next hop towards the prefix
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Path type: external, path is valid, not best reason: newer EBGP path, no labeled nexthop
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS
172.19.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.19.255.255 (172.19.255.255)
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Advertised path-id 1
Path type: external, path is valid, is best path, no labeled nexthop, in rib -> Path selection motive
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS
172.18.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.18.255.255 (172.18.255.255)
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Path-id 1 advertised to peers: -> BGP peers were the prefix is advertised
10.1.1.2
註: *AS-Path表示到達字首源位置所遍歷的ASN。
**AS-Path從右到左讀取。
若要檢視BGP中的最佳路徑選取流程，請參閱BGP最佳路徑選取。
相關資訊
修訂記錄
| 修訂 | 發佈日期 | 意見 |
|---|---|---|
2.0 |
07-Feb-2024 |
初始版本 |
1.0 |
21-Jul-2023 |
初始版本 |
由思科工程師貢獻
- Raul Yothan Diosdado OrtizTechnical Consulting Engineer
意見