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本檔案介紹效能路由版本2(PfRv2)中監控分支機構路由器上廣域網(WAN)連結效能的方法。
思科建議您瞭解效能路由(PfR)的基本知識。
本文件所述內容不限於特定軟體和硬體版本。
附註:Polaris代碼16.x.x不支援PFRv2。
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除(預設)的組態來啟動。如果您的網路正在作用,請確保您已瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
PfRv2使用三種方法測量邊界路由器(BR)鏈路的效能。收集的資訊由主控制器(MC)用於執行PfR策略。這三種方法是被動監控、主動監控和混合模式。
在此模式下,BR上啟用的Netflow(預設情況下使用PfR)會收集有關流量類的此資訊,並將其傳送回主控制器。
此資訊適用於通過BR的TCP流量:
此資訊適用於通過BR的所有流量(包括TCP):
在此模式下,BR通過其WAN介面發出IP SLA探測來測量有關流量類的多個引數。收集的資訊將傳送回主控制器。測量以下引數:
在主控制器上配置的監視方法處於活動狀態時,將自動生成這些探測器,而且也可以手動配置。預設情況下,傳送的探測是ICMP回應,但可以更改為TCP或UDP探測,具體取決於通過WAN鏈路傳送的流量型別。
當退出BR選擇正在進行時,所有BR將傳送活動探測器以獲取Netflow學習的字首。選擇退出BR後,其他BR將停止傳送活動探測器。選定的BR將繼續傳送活動探測器。
混合模式使用Netflow統計資訊和IP服務級別協定(SLA)來確定出口點(BR)和鏈路監控。在此模式下,IP SLA探測資訊用於選擇退出點,然後使用Netflow統計資訊監視該BR到目的地的WAN連線。
當PfR處於學習狀態且尚未進入「INPOLICY」狀態時,所有BR都將傳送從Netflow收集的字首的活動探測器。這是為了確定各自的鏈路條件。當MC狀態更改為「INPOLICY」時,所有BR都將停止傳送主動探測器,並且現在將被動地執行監控(使用Netflow)。
此影象可用作本文檔其餘部分的示例拓撲:
使用不同模式時需要此基本配置。R3配置為MC,因此必須在R3上完成以下配置:
被動模式
pfr master
!
border 10.4.4.4 key-chain pfr
interface Ethernet0/1 external
interface Ethernet0/0 internal
!
border 10.5.5.5 key-chain pfr
interface Ethernet0/0 internal
interface Ethernet0/1 external
!
mode monitor passive
主動模式
pfr master
!
border 10.4.4.4 key-chain pfr
interface Ethernet0/1 external
interface Ethernet0/0 internal
!
border 10.5.5.5 key-chain pfr
interface Ethernet0/0 internal
interface Ethernet0/1 external
!
mode monitor active
混合模式
這是預設模式。如果未提及mode命令,則混合模式將被啟用,或者同時使用命令mode monitor來啟用混合模式。
pfr master
!
border 10.4.4.4 key-chain pfr
interface Ethernet0/1 external
interface Ethernet0/0 internal
!
border 10.5.5.5 key-chain pfr
interface Ethernet0/0 internal
interface Ethernet0/1 external
附註:如果手動指定命令mode monitor,則不會在組態中顯示該命令,因為它是一個預設命令。
大多數驗證命令在MC上執行。這些命令可用於驗證不同模式下的工作。
R3#show pfr master
<Output suppressed>
Default Policy Settings:
backoff 90 900 90
delay relative 50
holddown 90
periodic 0
probe frequency 56
number of jitter probe packets 100
mode route control
mode monitor passive
loss relative 10
jitter threshold 20
mos threshold 3.60 percent 30
unreachable relative 50
trigger-log percentage 30
測試1 — 從伺服器啟動TCP資料流
R3#show pfr master traffic-class
OER Prefix Statistics:
Pas - Passive, Act - Active, S - Short term, L - Long term, Dly - Delay (ms),
P - Percentage below threshold, Jit - Jitter (ms),
MOS - Mean Opinion Score
Los - Packet Loss (percent/10000), Un - Unreachable (flows-per-million),
E - Egress, I - Ingress, Bw - Bandwidth (kbps), N - Not applicable
U - unknown, * - uncontrolled, + - control more specific, @ - active probe all
# - Prefix monitor mode is Special, & - Blackholed Prefix
% - Force Next-Hop, ^ - Prefix is denied
DstPrefix Appl_ID Dscp Prot SrcPort DstPort SrcPrefix
Flags State Time CurrBR CurrI/F Protocol
PasSDly PasLDly PasSUn PasLUn PasSLos PasLLos EBw IBw
ActSDly ActLDly ActSUn ActLUn ActSJit ActPMOS ActSLos ActLLos
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.20.20.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.4.4.4 Et0/1 BGP
46 46 0 0 35502 35502 2 1
N N N N N N
10.30.30.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.5.5.5 Et0/1 BGP
1 1 0 0 0 0 14 1
N N N N N N
測試2 — 從伺服器啟動UDP資料流
R3#show pfr master traffic-class
OER Prefix Statistics:
Pas - Passive, Act - Active, S - Short term, L - Long term, Dly - Delay (ms),
P - Percentage below threshold, Jit - Jitter (ms),
MOS - Mean Opinion Score
Los - Packet Loss (percent/10000), Un - Unreachable (flows-per-million),
E - Egress, I - Ingress, Bw - Bandwidth (kbps), N - Not applicable
U - unknown, * - uncontrolled, + - control more specific, @ - active probe all
# - Prefix monitor mode is Special, & - Blackholed Prefix
% - Force Next-Hop, ^ - Prefix is denied
DstPrefix Appl_ID Dscp Prot SrcPort DstPort SrcPrefix
Flags State Time CurrBR CurrI/F Protocol
PasSDly PasLDly PasSUn PasLUn PasSLos PasLLos EBw IBw
ActSDly ActLDly ActSUn ActLUn ActSJit ActPMOS ActSLos ActLLos
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.20.20.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.5.5.5 Et0/1 BGP
U U 0 0 0 0 13 0
N N N N N N
10.30.30.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.5.5.5 Et0/1 BGP
U U 0 0 0 0 14 0
N N N N N N
如前所示,對於TCP流量,您可以看到延遲和無法到達計數器也在填充中,但是對於UDP流,您只能看到頻寬計數器在填充中。
R3#show pfr master
<Output suppressed>
Default Policy Settings:
backoff 90 900 90
delay relative 50
holddown 90
periodic 0
probe frequency 56
number of jitter probe packets 100
mode route control
mode monitor active
loss relative 10
jitter threshold 20
mos threshold 3.60 percent 30
unreachable relative 50
trigger-log percentage 30
測試 — 從伺服器發起TCP資料流
在主控制器上:
R3#show pfr master traffic-class
OER Prefix Statistics:
Pas - Passive, Act - Active, S - Short term, L - Long term, Dly - Delay (ms),
P - Percentage below threshold, Jit - Jitter (ms),
MOS - Mean Opinion Score
Los - Packet Loss (percent/10000), Un - Unreachable (flows-per-million),
E - Egress, I - Ingress, Bw - Bandwidth (kbps), N - Not applicable
U - unknown, * - uncontrolled, + - control more specific, @ - active probe all
# - Prefix monitor mode is Special, & - Blackholed Prefix
% - Force Next-Hop, ^ - Prefix is denied
DstPrefix Appl_ID Dscp Prot SrcPort DstPort SrcPrefix
Flags State Time CurrBR CurrI/F Protocol
PasSDly PasLDly PasSUn PasLUn PasSLos PasLLos EBw IBw
ActSDly ActLDly ActSUn ActLUn ActSJit ActPMOS ActSLos ActLLos
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.10.20.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.4.4.4 Et0/1 BGP
N N N N N N N N
54 54 0 0 N N N N
10.30.30.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.4.4.4 Et0/1 BGP
N N N N N N N N
54 54 0 1000 N N N N
在BR1上:
R4#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
echo 10.10.20.11 N 192.168.1.1 Et0/1 3 3
0
echo 10.30.30.12 N 192.168.1.1 Et0/1 3 3
0
在BR2上:
R5#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
echo 10.10.20.11 N 192.168.2.1 Et0/1 3 3
0
echo 10.30.30.12 N 192.168.2.1 Et0/1 3 3
0
在MC上的流量類進入「INPOLICY」狀態並選擇BR1作為傳送所有流量的BR後,BR2將停止傳送探測:
R4#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
echo 10.10.20.11 N 192.168.1.1 Et0/1 10 10
0
echo 10.30.30.12 N 192.168.1.1 Et0/1 10 10
0
R5#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
R3#show pfr master
OER state: ENABLED and ACTIVE
<Output Suppressed>
Default Policy Settings:
backoff 90 900 90
delay relative 50
holddown 90
periodic 0
probe frequency 56
number of jitter probe packets 100
mode route control
mode monitor both
loss relative 10
jitter threshold 20
mos threshold 3.60 percent 30
unreachable relative 50
trigger-log percentage 30
測試 — 從伺服器發起TCP資料流
當正在測量流量類(TC)且狀態尚未「INPOLICY」時,兩個BR都將向從Netflow收集的字首傳送活動探測器。這是為了確定各自的鏈路條件。
在MC上:
R3#show pfr mas traffic-class
OER Prefix Statistics:
Pas - Passive, Act - Active, S - Short term, L - Long term, Dly - Delay (ms),
P - Percentage below threshold, Jit - Jitter (ms),
MOS - Mean Opinion Score
Los - Packet Loss (percent/10000), Un - Unreachable (flows-per-million),
E - Egress, I - Ingress, Bw - Bandwidth (kbps), N - Not applicable
U - unknown, * - uncontrolled, + - control more specific, @ - active probe all
# - Prefix monitor mode is Special, & - Blackholed Prefix
% - Force Next-Hop, ^ - Prefix is denied
DstPrefix Appl_ID Dscp Prot SrcPort DstPort SrcPrefix
Flags State Time CurrBR CurrI/F Protocol
PasSDly PasLDly PasSUn PasLUn PasSLos PasLLos EBw IBw
ActSDly ActLDly ActSUn ActLUn ActSJit ActPMOS ActSLos ActLLos
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.20.20.0/24 N N N N N N
HOLDDOWN 61 10.5.5.5Et0/1 BGP
1 1 0 0 0 0 16 1
1 1 0 0 N N N N
10.30.30.0/24 N N N N N N
HOLDDOWN 61 10.5.5.5 Et0/1 BGP
1 1 0 0 0 0 16 1
4 4 0 0 N N N N
在BR1上:
R4#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
echo 10.20.20.1 N 192.168.1.1 Et0/1 1 1
0
echo 10.30.30.1 N 192.168.1.1 Et0/1 1 1
0
在BR2上:
R5#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
echo 10.20.20.1 N 192.168.2.1 Et0/1 1 1
0
echo 10.30.30.1 N 192.168.2.1 Et0/1 1 1
當MC上的狀態更改為「INPOLICY」時,兩個BR都將停止傳送主動探測器,並且各自的監控將會切換到被動模式(使用Netflow)。
R3#show pfr master traffic-class
OER Prefix Statistics:
Pas - Passive, Act - Active, S - Short term, L - Long term, Dly - Delay (ms),
P - Percentage below threshold, Jit - Jitter (ms),
MOS - Mean Opinion Score
Los - Packet Loss (percent/10000), Un - Unreachable (flows-per-million),
E - Egress, I - Ingress, Bw - Bandwidth (kbps), N - Not applicable
U - unknown, * - uncontrolled, + - control more specific, @ - active probe all
# - Prefix monitor mode is Special, & - Blackholed Prefix
% - Force Next-Hop, ^ - Prefix is denied
DstPrefix Appl_ID Dscp Prot SrcPort DstPort SrcPrefix
Flags State Time CurrBR CurrI/F Protocol
PasSDly PasLDly PasSUn PasLUn PasSLos PasLLos EBw IBw
ActSDly ActLDly ActSUn ActLUn ActSJit ActPMOS ActSLos ActLLos
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.20.20.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.5.5.5 Et0/1 BGP
1 1 0 0 0 0 3 1
1 1 0 0 N N N N
10.30.30.0/24 N N N N N N
INPOLICY 0 10.5.5.5 Et0/1 BGP
1 1 0 0 0 0 14 1
1 1 0 0 N N N N
如圖所示,您可以看到被動元件和主動元件的計數器。此外,在TC移至「INPOLICY」狀態後,BR上的探測將停止。
R4#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
R5#show pfr border active-probes
OER Border active-probes
Type = Probe Type
Target = Target IP Address
TPort = Target Port
Source = Send From Source IP Address
Interface = Exit interface
Att = Number of Attempts
Comps = Number of completions
N - Not applicable
Type Target TPort Source Interface Att Comps
DSCP
附註:15.6(3)M版、15.7(3)M版和更高版本的T系列版本不支援PfRv2。此外,版本16.3.1具有PfRv2 CLI,但不支援功能。當代碼從MCP移動到Polaris時,功能被破壞,這在Polaris版本中無法修復。
目前尚無適用於此組態的具體疑難排解資訊。