設定Catalyst 8000上的多點傳送服務反射並疑難排解

已更新: 2023 年 10 月 20 日
文件 ID:221125

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    簡介

    本檔案介紹對Catalyst 8000上的多點傳送服務反射功能進行疑難排解的程式。 

    必要條件

    需求

    思科建議您瞭解以下主題：

    • 基本組播路由知識
    • 瞭解Cisco IOS® XE命令列

    採用元件

    本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

    • 路由器Catalyst 8500
    • Cisco IOS XE 17.9.4

    本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

    背景資訊

    本文旨在演示組播服務反射功能的基本配置和故障排除，以驗證採用Cisco Catalyst 8000的組播到組播目標轉換方案。 

    組播服務反射是一種多功能功能，可以在網路中的不同點部署，以滿足特定的組播要求。它有助於提高組播服務的效率和可靠性 在 複雜的網路環境，因為它允許使用者將收到的組播或單播目標地址轉換為符合其內部定址策略的組播或單播地址。

    組播服務反射能夠同時轉換這兩者 來源 和目的地址 在 IPv4報頭。它識別需要轉換（基於預定義配置）的組播流量流（與特定組播組和源關聯），並且當流量到達反射點時，執行轉換的路由器選擇性地反映這些資料包。

    此功能的核心元件之一是虛擬介面(Vif)。此Vif介面是一個邏輯介面，可以靜態加入需要反映的組 在 構建組播樹。換句話說，此Vif介面充當多點傳送接收器 對於 原始流，一旦流量轉發到Vif介面，資料包就會被反射，源/目的地址將轉換為新的所需IPv4地址。

    note-icon

    注意：要實施此功能，您的路由器必須至少安裝network-advantage許可證，否則在嘗試配置Vif介面時可能會出現錯誤。

    拓撲

    Topology Diagram拓撲圖

    組態

    要配置此設定中的功能，需要在路徑中啟用組播路由，並且還需要組播源和接收器之間的基本IPv4連線。在此案例中，有一台Catalyst 9K交換器(C9000)充當第一躍點路由器(FHR)，然後該Catalyst 8K路由器(C8000)是多點傳送服務反射器，也是不同多點傳送組的集結點(RP)，而該ASR1K路由器(ASR1000)是接收器所連線的最後一躍點路由器(LHR)。例如，外部邊界閘道通訊協定(eBGP)用於互連這些裝置，但不需要實作特定路由通訊協定。 

    note-icon

    註：此示例僅對各種組播流使用一個RP，有關為組播域使用不同RP的方案的詳細資訊，請參閱Cisco IOS XE 17.x的IP組播配置指南中的組播服務反射配置示例一節

    FHR(C9000)

    要在FHR上啟動配置，請啟用組播路由，新增RP IPv4地址，並在連線到組播源和組播服務反射器路由器(C8000)的介面上配置協定無關組播稀疏模式(PIM-SM)。 

    C9000#show run | i multicast|rp-address ip multicast-routing class-map match-any system-cpp-police-multicast-end-station class-map match-any system-cpp-police-multicast ip pim rp-address 10.100.100.1 
    C9000#show run interface Ten 1/0/6 Building configuration... Current configuration : 116 bytes ! interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/6 no switchport ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.252 ip pim sparse-mode end C9000#show run interface Ten 1/0/3 Building configuration... Current configuration : 116 bytes ! interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3 no switchport ip address 192.168.0.5 255.255.255.252 ip pim sparse-mode end

    C9000交換機正在與C8000路由器執行eBGP鄰接以通告連線的路由。

    C9000#show run | section router bgp 
router bgp 65003
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 redistribute connected
 neighbor 192.168.0.6 remote-as 65001

    多點傳送服務反射器路由器(C8000)

    在Catalyst 8K路由器上，對於啟用組播路由的初始配置，新增適當的RP IPv4地址，並在連線到C9000和ASR1000裝置的介面以及Loopback0介面上配置PIM-SM。

    Mcast_SR#show run | i multicast|rp-address ip multicast-routing distributed ip pim rp-address 10.100.100.1

    Mcast_SR#show run interface Ten 0/0/2
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 156 bytes
!
interface TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2
 description to C9000
 ip address 192.168.0.6 255.255.255.252
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no negotiation auto
 cdp enable
end

Mcast_SR#show run interface Ten 0/0/5
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 157 bytes
!
interface TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5
 description to ASR1000
 ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252
 ip pim sparse-mode
 no negotiation auto
 cdp enable
end

    Mcast_SR#show run interface loopback 0
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 88 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.255
 ip pim sparse-mode
end

    此路由器有兩個eBGP鄰居，192.168.0.5鄰居是C9000交換機，它傳送字首以到達組播源，第二個鄰居是用於到達接收器的ASR1000路由器。請注意，此路由器正在通告其本地Loopback0並通告Vif子網。 

    Mcast_SR#show run | section router bgp
router bgp 65001
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 10.100.100.1 mask 255.255.255.255 network 172.16.101.0 mask 255.255.255.252
 neighbor 172.16.0.2 remote-as 65002 neighbor 192.168.0.5 remote-as 65003

    現在應該配置Vif介面，該介面有助於將組播組從239.5.5.5轉換為239.55.55.55。此邏輯介面需要具有IP地址，並且此子網需要可路由，另外還必須配置PIM-SM。若要啟用多點傳送服務反射功能，請使用ip service reflect <interface_id> destination <destination_ip1>to <destination_ip2> mask-len <subnet_mask_length> source <source_ip>命令，其中interface_id是接收原始多點傳送流量的介面，destination_ip1是需要轉換的原始IPv4位址(239.5.5.5)，而destination_ip2是轉換後預期的新IPv4位址(239.5.5.5 5)。最後但並非最不重要的一點是，需要使用ip igmp static-group <group-address>命令，才能使此介面成為原始組播組的靜態連線成員。 

    Mcast_SR#configure terminal 
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Mcast_SR(config)#interface Vif1
Mcast_SR(config-if)#ip address 172.16.101.1 255.255.255.252
Mcast_SR(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
Mcast_SR(config-if)#ip service reflect TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 destination 239.5.5.5 to 239.55.55.55 mask-len 32 source 172.16.101.2
Mcast_SR(config-if)#ip igmp static-group 239.5.5.5
Mcast_SR(config-if)#end
    note-icon

    註意：介面「Vif1」與組播服務反射功能的預設虛擬路由轉發(VRF)嚴格關聯，如果為此介面選擇了不同的編號，則控制檯中會顯示類似於「Only Vif1 can be used for Service Reflection in global table」的消息。

    在應用配置後，下一個輸出顯示Vif介面，請注意，介面操作變為UP/UP，並且在show ip interface <interface>命令的幫助下輸出功能為SERVICE REFLECT:  

    Mcast_SR#show run interface Vif1 
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 229 bytes
!
interface Vif1
 ip address 172.16.101.1 255.255.255.252
 ip pim sparse-mode
 ip service reflect TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 destination 239.5.5.5 to 239.55.55.55 mask-len 32 source 172.16.101.2
 ip igmp static-group 239.5.5.5
end

    Mcast_SR#show ip interface vif1
Vif1 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet address is 172.16.101.1/30
  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
  Address determined by non-volatile memory
  MTU is 1514 bytes
  Helper address is not set
  Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
  Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.1 224.0.0.2 224.0.0.22 224.0.0.13
  Outgoing Common access list is not set 
  Outgoing access list is not set
  Inbound Common access list is not set 
  Inbound  access list is not set
  Proxy ARP is enabled
  Local Proxy ARP is disabled
  Security level is default
  Split horizon is enabled
  ICMP redirects are always sent
  ICMP unreachables are always sent
  ICMP mask replies are never sent
  IP fast switching is enabled
  IP Flow switching is disabled
  IP CEF switching is enabled
  IP CEF switching turbo vector
  IP Null turbo vector
  Associated unicast routing topologies:
        Topology "base", operation state is UP
  Associated multicast routing topologies:
        Topology "base", operation state is UP
  IP multicast fast switching is enabled
  IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
  IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF
  Router Discovery is disabled
  IP output packet accounting is disabled
  IP access violation accounting is disabled
  TCP/IP header compression is disabled
  RTP/IP header compression is disabled
  Probe proxy name replies are disabled
  Policy routing is disabled
  Network address translation is disabled
  BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
  Input features: MCI Check
  Output features: SERVICE REFLECT
  IPv4 WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
  IPv4 WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled
  IPv4 WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
  IP Clear Dont Fragment is disabled  

    LHR(ASR1000)

    對於LHR上的配置，同樣地，在連線到組播服務反射器路由器和接收器的介面上啟用組播路由和PIM-SM，並確保配置RP IPv4地址：

    ASR1000#show run | i multicast|rp-address ip multicast-routing distributed ip pim rp-address 10.100.100.1 
    ASR1000#show run interface Ten 0/1/1 Building configuration... Current configuration : 133 bytes ! interface TenGigabitEthernet0/1/1 ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.252 ip pim sparse-mode no negotiation auto cdp enable end ASR1000#show run interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Building configuration... Current configuration : 127 bytes ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 172.16.0.5 255.255.255.252 ip pim sparse-mode negotiation auto cdp enable end

    對於IP連線，此路由器也使用BGP交換連線的字首：

    ASR1000#show run | section router bgp
router bgp 65002
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 redistribute connected
 neighbor 172.16.0.1 remote-as 65001

    初始驗證

    作為初始驗證，您可以開始檢查基本IP連線、裝置之間的路由交換和PIM狀態。下一個輸出是從Catalyst 9K擷取的，顯示安裝至接收器(172.16.0.6)、RP Loopback0(10.100.100.1)和Vif(172.16.101.1)的路由。還可以看到，與C8000路由器存在PIM鄰接關係，並且RP對映也指向10.100.100.1地址。

    C9000#show ip route 172.16.0.6
Routing entry for 172.16.0.4/30
  Known via "bgp 65003", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65001, type external
  Last update from 192.168.0.6 2d22h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 192.168.0.6, from 192.168.0.6, 2d22h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7FD797D4BA18 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 2
      Route tag 65001
      MPLS label: none

C9000#ping 172.16.0.6
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.6, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

C9000#show ip route 10.100.100.1
Routing entry for 10.100.100.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65003", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65001, type external
  Last update from 192.168.0.6 2d22h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 192.168.0.6, from 192.168.0.6, 2d22h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7FD797D4B8D8 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 1
      Route tag 65001
      MPLS label: none

C9000#ping 10.100.100.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.100.100.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

C9000#show ip route 172.16.101.1 
Routing entry for 172.16.101.0/30
  Known via "bgp 65003", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65001, type external
  Last update from 192.168.0.6 2d00h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 192.168.0.6, from 192.168.0.6, 2d00h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7FD797D4B8D8 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 1
      Route tag 65001
      MPLS label: none

C9000#ping 172.16.101.1 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.101.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms 

C9000#show ip pim neighbor 
PIM Neighbor Table
Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,
      P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable,
      L - DR Load-balancing Capable
Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR
Address                                                            Prio/Mode
192.168.0.6       TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3  2d22h/00:01:29    v2    1 / DR S P G

C9000#show ip pim interface 

Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR         DR
                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior
192.168.0.5      TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3  v2/S   1      30     1          192.168.0.6
192.168.0.1      TenGigabitEthernet1/0/6  v2/S   0      30     1          192.168.0.1

    C9000#show ip pim rp mapping 
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings

Group(s): 224.0.0.0/4, Static
    RP: 10.100.100.1 (?)

    多點傳送服務反射器將位址172.16.101.1(Vif)和10.100.100.1(Loopback0)顯示為直接連線，並會路由到透過BGP得知的來源和接收器：

    Mcast_SR#show ip route 10.100.100.1
Routing entry for 10.100.100.1/32
  Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface)
  Advertised by bgp 65001
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * directly connected, via Loopback0
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

    Mcast_SR#show ip route 172.16.101.1
Routing entry for 172.16.101.1/32
  Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected)
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * directly connected, via Vif1
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1       

    Mcast_SR#show ip route 172.16.0.6
Routing entry for 172.16.0.4/30
  Known via "bgp 65001", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65002, type external
  Last update from 172.16.0.2 5d20h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 172.16.0.2, from 172.16.0.2, 5d20h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7F841CBD53D0 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 1
      Route tag 65002
      MPLS label: none

    Mcast_SR#show ip route 192.168.0.2
Routing entry for 192.168.0.0/30
  Known via "bgp 65001", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65003, type external
  Last update from 192.168.0.5 5d20h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 192.168.0.5, from 192.168.0.5, 5d20h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7F841CBD5290 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 1
      Route tag 65003
      MPLS label: none

    路由器C8000還顯示兩個PIM鄰居，四個介面啟用了PIM-SM（包括Vif和Loopback0），還顯示正確的RP對映，使用命令show ip multicast可以驗證裝置的組播服務反映功能：

    Mcast_SR#show ip pim neighbor 
PIM Neighbor Table
Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,
      P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable,
      L - DR Load-balancing Capable
Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR
Address                                                            Prio/Mode
192.168.0.5 TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 5d20h/00:01:34 v2 1 / S P G 172.16.0.2 TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 5d20h/00:01:15 v2 1 / DR S P G

Mcast_SR#show ip pim interface 

Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR         DR
                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior
10.100.100.1     Loopback0                v2/S   0      30     1          10.100.100.1
192.168.0.6      TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2  v2/S   1      30     1          192.168.0.6
172.16.0.1       TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5  v2/S   1      30     1          172.16.0.2
172.16.101.1     Vif1                     v2/S   0      30     1          0.0.0.0

Mcast_SR#show ip pim rp mapping 
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings

Group(s): 224.0.0.0/4, Static
    RP: 10.100.100.1 (?)

    Mcast_SR#show ip multicast 
  Multicast Routing: enabled
  Multicast Multipath: disabled
  Multicast Route limit: No limit
  Multicast Fallback group mode: Sparse
  Number of multicast boundaries configured with filter-autorp option: 0
  MoFRR: Disabled
  Multicast Service-Reflect Capabilities: Multicast to Multicast Unicast to Multicast Multicast to Unicast

    在賴比瑞亞人權機構，類似的核查工作已經完成。從ASR1000路由器獲得的下一個輸出顯示了為轉換後的組播源172.16.101.2（此時必須注意的是，組播流資料包是使用新的源和目標IPv4報頭接收的）和RP IPv4地址10.100.100.1安裝的路由。請注意，LHR也具有到原始組播源192.168.0.2的可達性，但此時在拓撲中更重要的是具有到Vif子網(172.16.101.0/30)的可達性：

    ASR1000#show ip route 10.100.100.1
Routing entry for 10.100.100.1/32
  Known via "bgp 65002", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65001, type external
  Last update from 172.16.0.1 2d22h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 172.16.0.1, from 172.16.0.1, 2d22h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7F2BFA855B80 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 1
      Route tag 65001
      MPLS label: none

ASR1000#ping 10.100.100.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.100.100.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

ASR1000#show ip route 172.16.101.1 
Routing entry for 172.16.101.0/30
  Known via "bgp 65002", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65001, type external
  Last update from 172.16.0.1 2d00h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 172.16.0.1, from 172.16.0.1, 2d00h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7F2BFA855B80 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 1
      Route tag 65001
      MPLS label: none

ASR1000#ping 172.16.101.1 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.101.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms 

ASR1000#show ip pim neighbor 
PIM Neighbor Table
Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,
      P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable,
      L - DR Load-balancing Capable
Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR
Address                                                            Prio/Mode
172.16.0.1        TenGigabitEthernet0/1/1  2d22h/00:01:24    v2    1 / S P G

ASR1000#show ip pim interface 

Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR         DR
                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior
172.16.0.5       GigabitEthernet0/0/0     v2/S   0      30     1          172.16.0.5
172.16.0.2       TenGigabitEthernet0/1/1  v2/S   1      30     1          172.16.0.2

    ASR1000#show ip route 192.168.0.2
Routing entry for 192.168.0.0/30
  Known via "bgp 65002", distance 20, metric 0
  Tag 65001, type external
  Last update from 172.16.0.1 5d21h ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 172.16.0.1, from 172.16.0.1, 5d21h ago
      opaque_ptr 0x7F2BFA855E00 
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
      AS Hops 2
      Route tag 65001
      MPLS label: none

ASR1000#ping 192.168.0.2 source 172.16.0.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 172.16.0.5 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

    疑難排解

    組播源開始傳送組239.5.5.5的流後，當在拓撲中的不同裝置上啟用debug ip pim時，可以確認FHR將組播源192.168.0.2註冊到RP並將介面TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3新增到傳出介面清單(OIL)中。 

    C9000#
*Oct 16 16:23:01.817: PIM(0)[default]: Re-check RP 10.100.100.1 into the (*, 239.5.5.5) entry
*Oct 16 16:23:01.817: PIM(0)[default]: Building Triggered (*,G) Join / (S,G,RP-bit) Prune message for 239.5.5.5
*Oct 16 16:23:01.817: PIM(0)[default]: Adding register encap tunnel (Tunnel0) as forwarding interface of (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5).
*Oct 16 16:23:01.839: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Join/Prune on TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3 from 192.168.0.6, to us
*Oct 16 16:23:01.839: PIM(0)[default]: Join-list: (192.168.0.2/32, 239.5.5.5), S-bit set
*Oct 16 16:23:01.839: PIM(0)[default]: MIDB Add TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3/192.168.0.6 to (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5), Forward state, by PIM SG Join
*Oct 16 16:23:01.839: PIM(0)[default]:  Join to 0.0.0.0 on TenGigabitEthernet1/0/6 for (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5), Ignored.
*Oct 16 16:23:03.869: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Join/Prune on TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3 from 192.168.0.6, to us
*Oct 16 16:23:03.869: PIM(0)[default]: Join-list: (192.168.0.2/32, 239.5.5.5), S-bit set
*Oct 16 16:23:03.869: PIM(0)[default]: MIDB Update TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3/192.168.0.6 to (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5), Forward state, by PIM SG Join
*Oct 16 16:23:05.818: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Register-Stop on TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3 from 10.100.100.1 *Oct 16 16:23:05.818: PIM(0)[default]: for source 192.168.0.2, group 239.5.5.5
*Oct 16 16:23:05.818: PIM(0)[default]: Removing register encap tunnel (Tunnel0) as forwarding interface of (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5).
*Oct 16 16:23:05.818: PIM(0)[default]: Clear Registering flag to 10.100.100.1 for (192.168.0.2/32, 239.5.5.5)
*Oct 16 16:23:11.997: PIM(0)[default]: Send v2 join/prune to 192.168.0.6 (TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3)

    C9000#show ip mroute 239.5.5.5 IP Multicast Routing Table Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet, X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement, U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender, Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group, G - Received BGP C-Mroute, g - Sent BGP C-Mroute, N - Received BGP Shared-Tree Prune, n - BGP C-Mroute suppressed, Q - Received BGP S-A Route, q - Sent BGP S-A Route, V - RD & Vector, v - Vector, p - PIM Joins on route, x - VxLAN group, c - PFP-SA cache created entry, * - determined by Assert, # - iif-starg configured on rpf intf, e - encap-helper tunnel flag, l - LISP decap ref count contributor Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner, p - PIM Join t - LISP transit group Timers: Uptime/Expires Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode (*, 239.5.5.5), 00:24:22/stopped, RP 10.100.100.1, flags: SPF Incoming interface: TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3, RPF nbr 192.168.0.6 Outgoing interface list: Null (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5), 00:24:22/00:03:11, flags: FT Incoming interface: TenGigabitEthernet1/0/6, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: TenGigabitEthernet1/0/3, Forward/Sparse, 00:24:22/00:02:47, flags: 

    同時，組播服務反射器路由器（也是兩個組的RP）收到S，G(192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5)的註冊，並立即檢測到該組符合先前定義的反射規則。然後，它將TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2新增為239.5.5.5流的傳入介面，並在以後向自身註冊新的S，G(172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55)。路由器將Vif1新增為239.55.55.55流的傳入介面，並將TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5（連線到ASR1000）放入OIL，如debug和show ip mroute命令輸出所示： 

    Mcast_SR#
*Oct 16 15:46:11.758: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Register on TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 from 192.168.0.5 *Oct 16 15:46:11.758: for 192.168.0.2, group 239.5.5.5
*Oct 16 15:46:11.758: PIM(0)[default]: Adding register decap tunnel (Tunnel1) as accepting interface of (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5). *Oct 16 15:46:11.758: MSR(0)[default]: Add 239.5.5.5 to all the SR rules *Oct 16 15:46:11.758: MSR: Found Grp idx 553648130 for rule 239.5.5.5->239.55.55.55 *Oct 16 15:46:11.758: MSR: Found Grp idx 553648130 for rule 239.5.5.5->239.55.55.55
*Oct 16 15:46:11.758: PIM(0)[default]: Insert (192.168.0.2,239.5.5.5) join in nbr 192.168.0.5's queue
*Oct 16 15:46:11.758: PIM(0)[default]: Building Join/Prune packet for nbr 192.168.0.5
*Oct 16 15:46:11.758: PIM(0)[default]:  Adding v2 (192.168.0.2/32, 239.5.5.5), S-bit Join
*Oct 16 15:46:11.758: PIM(0)[default]: Send v2 join/prune to 192.168.0.5 (TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2)
*Oct 16 15:46:12.929: PIM(0)[default]: Building Periodic (*,G) Join / (S,G,RP-bit) Prune message for 239.55.55.55
*Oct 16 15:46:12.929: PIM(0)[default]: rp our address for group 239.55.55.55
*Oct 16 15:46:13.251: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Join/Prune on TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 from 172.16.0.2, to us
*Oct 16 15:46:13.251: PIM(0)[default]: Join-list: (*, 239.55.55.55), RPT-bit set, WC-bit set, S-bit set
*Oct 16 15:46:13.252: PIM(0)[default]: MIDB Update TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5/172.16.0.2 to (*, 239.55.55.55), Forward state, by PIM *G Join
*Oct 16 15:46:13.732: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Register on TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 from 192.168.0.5
*Oct 16 15:46:13.732:      for 192.168.0.2, group 239.5.5.5
*Oct 16 15:46:13.732: PIM(0)[default]: Removing register decap tunnel (Tunnel1) as accepting interface of (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5).
*Oct 16 15:46:13.732: PIM(0)[default]: Installing TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 as accepting interface for (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5).
*Oct 16 15:46:13.732: PIM(0)[default]:  Prune to 0.0.0.0 on  for (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5), Ignored.
*Oct 16 15:46:13.773: PIM(0)[default]: Adding register decap tunnel (Tunnel1) as accepting interface of (172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55). *Oct 16 15:46:13.773: PIM(0)[default]: Adding register encap tunnel (Tunnel0) as forwarding interface of (172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55).
*Oct 16 15:46:13.773: PIM(0)[default]: Removing register decap tunnel (Tunnel1) as accepting interface of (172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55).
*Oct 16 15:46:13.773: PIM(0)[default]: Installing Vif1 as accepting interface for (172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55).
*Oct 16 15:46:13.788: PIM(0)[default]: Insert (192.168.0.2,239.5.5.5) join in nbr 192.168.0.5's queue
*Oct 16 15:46:13.788: PIM(0)[default]: Building Join/Prune packet for nbr 192.168.0.5
*Oct 16 15:46:13.788: PIM(0)[default]:  Adding v2 (192.168.0.2/32, 239.5.5.5), S-bit Join
*Oct 16 15:46:13.788: PIM(0)[default]: Send v2 join/prune to 192.168.0.5 (TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2)
*Oct 16 15:46:13.794: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Register on Vif1 from 10.100.100.1
*Oct 16 15:46:13.794:      for 172.16.101.2, group 239.55.55.55
*Oct 16 15:46:13.794: PIM(0)[default]: Send v2 Register-Stop to 10.100.100.1 for 172.16.101.2, group 239.55.55.55
*Oct 16 15:46:13.794: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Register-Stop on Loopback0 from 10.100.100.1
*Oct 16 15:46:13.794: PIM(0)[default]:   for source 172.16.101.2, group 239.55.55.55
*Oct 16 15:46:13.794: PIM(0)[default]: Removing register encap tunnel (Tunnel0) as forwarding interface of (172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55).
*Oct 16 15:46:13.794: PIM(0)[default]: Clear Registering flag to 10.100.100.1 for (172.16.101.2/32, 239.55.55.55)
*Oct 16 15:46:13.809: PIM(0)[default]: Received v2 Join/Prune on TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 from 172.16.0.2, to us
*Oct 16 15:46:13.809: PIM(0)[default]: Join-list: (172.16.101.2/32, 239.55.55.55), S-bit set
*Oct 16 15:46:13.809: PIM(0)[default]: MIDB Update TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5/172.16.0.2 to (172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55), Forward state, by PIM SG Join

    Mcast_SR#show ip mroute IP Multicast Routing Table Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet, X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement, U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender, Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group, G - Received BGP C-Mroute, g - Sent BGP C-Mroute, N - Received BGP Shared-Tree Prune, n - BGP C-Mroute suppressed, Q - Received BGP S-A Route, q - Sent BGP S-A Route, V - RD & Vector, v - Vector, p - PIM Joins on route, x - VxLAN group, c - PFP-SA cache created entry, * - determined by Assert, # - iif-starg configured on rpf intf, e - encap-helper tunnel flag, l - LISP decap ref count contributor Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner, p - PIM Join t - LISP transit group Timers: Uptime/Expires Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode (*, 239.5.5.5), 00:50:36/stopped, RP 10.100.100.1, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vif1, Forward/Sparse, 00:50:36/00:00:23, flags: (192.168.0.2, 239.5.5.5), 00:10:08/00:02:36, flags: T Incoming interface: TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2, RPF nbr 192.168.0.5 Outgoing interface list: Vif1, Forward/Sparse, 00:10:08/00:01:51, flags: (*, 239.55.55.55), 00:50:21/00:03:11, RP 10.100.100.1, flags: SF Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5, Forward/Sparse, 00:50:21/00:03:11, flags: (172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55), 00:10:06/00:03:23, flags: FT Incoming interface: Vif1, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5, Forward/Sparse, 00:10:06/00:03:16, flags: (*, 224.0.1.40), 00:50:36/00:03:28, RP 10.100.100.1, flags: SJCL Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2, Forward/Sparse, 00:50:13/00:03:28, flags: TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5, Forward/Sparse, 00:50:28/00:03:10, flags: Loopback0, Forward/Sparse, 00:50:36/00:02:17, flags:  
    note-icon

    註意：請注意，為了能夠觀察debug輸出中使用的組播服務反射規則，需要啟用debug ip multicast service-reflect。請注意，此特定偵錯是在Cisco IOS XE 17.9.1a版中匯入，如需其他資訊，請參閱IP多點傳送組態設定指南(Cisco IOS XE 17.x)中的多點傳送服務反射的功能資訊一節

    從前面的show ip mroute輸出中可以看到，原始組播組和新的組播組都有*、G和S、G條目。此外，使用show ip mroute <group> count命令可以瞭解每個組播流接收和轉發的資料包，此輸出也非常有用，因為它可以通過確認遞增計數器來識別流量轉發：

    Mcast_SR#show ip mroute 239.5.5.5 count 
Use "show ip mfib count" to get better response time for a large number of mroutes.

IP Multicast Statistics
5 routes using 5796 bytes of memory
3 groups, 0.66 average sources per group
Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/Avg Pkt Size/Kilobits per second
Other counts: Total/RPF failed/Other drops(OIF-null, rate-limit etc)

Group: 239.5.5.5, Source count: 1, Packets forwarded: 4053, Packets received: 4056
  RP-tree: Forwarding: 11/0/100/0, Other: 12/1/0
  Source: 192.168.0.2/32, Forwarding: 4042/0/113/0, Other: 4044/2/0

    Mcast_SR#show ip mroute 239.5.5.5 count 
Use "show ip mfib count" to get better response time for a large number of mroutes.

IP Multicast Statistics
5 routes using 5796 bytes of memory
3 groups, 0.66 average sources per group
Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/Avg Pkt Size/Kilobits per second
Other counts: Total/RPF failed/Other drops(OIF-null, rate-limit etc)

Group: 239.5.5.5, Source count: 1, Packets forwarded: 4058, Packets received: 4061
  RP-tree: Forwarding: 11/0/100/0, Other: 12/1/0
  Source: 192.168.0.2/32, Forwarding: 4047/0/113/0, Other: 4049/2/0

    Mcast_SR#show ip mroute 239.55.55.55 count
Use "show ip mfib count" to get better response time for a large number of mroutes.

IP Multicast Statistics
5 routes using 5796 bytes of memory
3 groups, 0.66 average sources per group
Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/Avg Pkt Size/Kilobits per second
Other counts: Total/RPF failed/Other drops(OIF-null, rate-limit etc)

Group: 239.55.55.55, Source count: 1, Packets forwarded: 4046, Packets received: 4046
  RP-tree: Forwarding: 0/0/0/0, Other: 0/0/0
  Source: 172.16.101.2/32, Forwarding: 4046/0/114/0, Other: 4046/0/0

    Mcast_SR#show ip mroute 239.55.55.55 count
Use "show ip mfib count" to get better response time for a large number of mroutes.

IP Multicast Statistics
5 routes using 5796 bytes of memory
3 groups, 0.66 average sources per group
Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/Avg Pkt Size/Kilobits per second
Other counts: Total/RPF failed/Other drops(OIF-null, rate-limit etc)

Group: 239.55.55.55, Source count: 1, Packets forwarded: 4051, Packets received: 4051
  RP-tree: Forwarding: 0/0/0/0, Other: 0/0/0
  Source: 172.16.101.2/32, Forwarding: 4051/0/114/0, Other: 4051/0/0

    如果未建立S、G條目，則確定組播資料包是否在預期介面上接收非常重要。使用嵌入式資料包捕獲(EPC)或資料包跟蹤功能確認此情況時，在下一個輸出中，從C8000路由器傳入(Te0/0/2)和傳出(Te0/0/5)介面獲取了EPC。在此工作場景中，您可以觀察到原始組播流239.5.5.5傳入和新的239.55.55.55流從路由器傳出：

    Mcast_SR#monitor capture msr buffer size 10 match any interface tenGigabitEthernet 0/0/2 in      
Mcast_SR#monitor capture msr start
Started capture point : msr
*Oct 16 17:59:06.986: %BUFCAP-6-ENABLE: Capture Point msr enabled.
Mcast_SR#monitor capture msr stop
Stopped capture point : msr
Mcast_SR#s
*Oct 16 17:59:25.699: %BUFCAP-6-DISABLE: Capture Point msr disabled        
Mcast_SR#show monitor capture msr buffer brief
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #   size   timestamp     source             destination      dscp    protocol
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0 114 0.000000 192.168.0.2 -> 239.5.5.5 0 BE ICMP
   1 114 2.000000 192.168.0.2 -> 239.5.5.5 0 BE ICMP
   2   68    2.979961   192.168.0.5      ->  224.0.0.13       48 CS6  PIM
   3  114    4.000000   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP
   4  114    6.000000   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP
   5  114    8.000000   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP
   6  114   10.000000   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP
   7  114   12.000000   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP
   8  114   14.001007   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP
   9  114   16.001999   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP
  10  114   18.001007   192.168.0.2      ->  239.5.5.5        0  BE   ICMP


Mcast_SR#monitor capture msr buffer size 10 match any interface tenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 out      
Mcast_SR#monitor capture msr start
Started capture point : msr
*Oct 16 18:07:26.846: %BUFCAP-6-ENABLE: Capture Point msr enabled.
Mcast_SR#monitor capture msr stop 
Stopped capture point : msr
*Oct 16 18:07:50.360: %BUFCAP-6-DISABLE: Capture Point msr disabled.
Mcast_SR#show monitor capture msr buffer brief
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #   size   timestamp     source             destination      dscp    protocol
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0   73    0.000000   172.16.0.1       ->  172.16.0.2       48 CS6  TCP
  1 114 0.172040 172.16.101.2 -> 239.55.55.55 0 BE ICMP 2 114 2.173047 172.16.101.2 -> 239.55.55.55 0 BE ICMP
   3  114    4.172040   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   4  114    6.173047   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   5  114    8.172040   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   6  114   10.172040   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   7  114   12.173047   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   8  114   14.175046   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   9  114   16.176038   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  10  114   18.176038   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  11   46   19.318029   172.16.0.1       ->  224.0.0.1        48 CS6  IGMP
  12  114   20.177045   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  13   72   20.629017   172.16.0.1       ->  224.0.0.13       48 CS6  PIM
  14  114   22.178037   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  15  430   23.273033  90:77:EE:3C:80:05 -> 01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC   --    LLC

    還在239.5.5.5上實作了一個使用延伸存取控制清單(ACL)過濾的封包追蹤軌跡。從下一個輸出可以觀察到，資料包是在介面Te0/0/2接收的，最初在內部被消耗和複製，以後用作輸入資料包到Vif1介面，然後轉發到整個介面Te0/0/5上：  

    Mcast_SR#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Mcast_SR(config)#ip access-list extended original-mcast 
Mcast_SR(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any host 239.5.5.5
Mcast_SR(config-ext-nacl)#end
Mcast_SR#
*Oct 16 18:31:49.187: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Mcast_SR#debug platform packet-trace packet 16
 Please remember to turn on 'debug platform condition start' for packet-trace to work
Mcast_SR#debug platform condition ipv4 access-list original-mcast ingress 
Mcast_SR#debug platform condition start
Mcast_SR#show platform packet-trace packet all
Packet: 0           CBUG ID: 0
Summary
  Input     : TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2
  Output    : 
    
    
    
    
      State : CONS Packet Consumed Silently Timestamp Start : 521286121898055 ns (10/16/2023 18:33:39.36879 UTC) Stop : 521286122522268 ns (10/16/2023 18:33:39.37503 UTC) Path Trace Feature: IPV4(Input) Input : TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 Output : 
     
       Source : 192.168.0.2 Destination : 239.5.5.5 Protocol : 1 (ICMP) Packet: 1 CBUG ID: 0 Summary 
      Input : TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 Output : 
       
       State : CONS Packet Consumed Silently Timestamp Start : 521286121980895 ns (10/16/2023 18:33:39.36962 UTC) Stop : 521286122618968 ns (10/16/2023 18:33:39.37600 UTC) 
       Path Trace Feature: PACKET_COPY Original packet number: 0 Feature: IPV4(Input) Input : TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 Output : 
        
         Source : 192.168.0.2 Destination : 239.5.5.5 Protocol : 1 (ICMP) Packet: 2 CBUG ID: 0 Summary 
         Input : Vif1 Output : TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 
         State : FWD Timestamp Start : 521286122038938 ns (10/16/2023 18:33:39.37020 UTC) Stop : 521286122694795 ns (10/16/2023 18:33:39.37676 UTC) Path Trace Feature: PACKET_COPY Original packet number: 1 Feature: IPV4(Input) Input : Vif1 Output : 
         
          Source : 172.16.101.2 Destination : 239.55.55.55 Protocol : 1 (ICMP)

    還要檢查Catalyst 8K上的組播路由資訊庫(MRIB)和組播轉發資訊庫(MFIB)。請注意，硬體安裝(HW)標誌以及硬體轉發計數器在極少出現反向路徑轉發(RPF)故障或丟棄的情況下遞增。另請注意與指向ASR1000路由器的輸出介面(Te0/0/5)關聯的轉發(F)標誌：

    Mcast_SR#show ip mrib route                             
IP Multicast Routing Information Base
Entry flags: L - Domain-Local Source, E - External Source to the Domain,
    C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, IA - Inherit Accept, D - Drop
    ET - Data Rate Exceeds Threshold,K - Keepalive,DDE - Data Driven Event
    ME - MoFRR ECMP Flow based, MNE - MoFRR Non-ECMP Flow based,
    MP - Primary MoFRR Non-ECMP Flow based entry,
    e  - Encap helper tunnel flag
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
    NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
    II - Internal Interest, ID - Internal Disinterest, LI - Local Interest,
    LD - Local Disinterest, MD - mCAC Denied, MI - mLDP Interest
    A2 - MoFRR ECMP Backup Accept

(*,224.0.0.0/4) Flags: C

(*,224.0.1.40) RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0 Flags: C
  TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 Flags: F NS
  TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 Flags: F NS
  Loopback0 Flags: F IC NS
  Tunnel1 Flags: A

(*,239.5.5.5) RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0 Flags: C
  Vif1 Flags: F NS  SR(172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55)      Index(2, 2)
  Tunnel1 Flags: A

(*,239.55.55.55) RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0 Flags: C
  TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 Flags: F NS
  Tunnel1 Flags: A

(172.16.101.2,239.55.55.55) RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0 Flags: Vif1 Flags: A TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 Flags: F NS (192.168.0.2,239.5.5.5) RPF nbr: 192.168.0.5 Flags: TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 Flags: A NS Vif1 Flags: F NS SR(172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55) Index(2, 2)


Mcast_SR#show ip mfib 192.168.0.2 239.5.5.5
Entry Flags:    C - Directly Connected, S - Signal, IA - Inherit A flag,
                ET - Data Rate Exceeds Threshold, K - Keepalive
                DDE - Data Driven Event, HW - Hardware Installed
                ME - MoFRR ECMP entry, MNE - MoFRR Non-ECMP entry, MP - MFIB 
                MoFRR Primary, RP - MRIB MoFRR Primary, P - MoFRR Primary
                MS  - MoFRR  Entry in Sync, MC - MoFRR entry in MoFRR Client,
                e   - Encap helper tunnel flag.
I/O Item Flags: IC - Internal Copy, NP - Not platform switched,
                NS - Negate Signalling, SP - Signal Present,
                A - Accept, F - Forward, RA - MRIB Accept, RF - MRIB Forward,
                MA - MFIB Accept, A2 - Accept backup,
                RA2 - MRIB Accept backup, MA2 - MFIB Accept backup

Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/Avg Pkt Size/Kbits per second
Other counts:      Total/RPF failed/Other drops
I/O Item Counts:   HW Pkt Count/FS Pkt Count/PS Pkt Count   Egress Rate in pps
Default
 (192.168.0.2,239.5.5.5) Flags: HW
   SW Forwarding: 1/0/100/0, Other: 0/0/0
   HW Forwarding: 6530/0/114/0, Other: 2/2/0
   TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2 Flags: A
   Vif1, SR/(172.16.101.2,239.55.55.55):553648130 Flags: F NS
     Pkts: 0/0/1    Rate: 0 pps
          
Mcast_SR#show ip mfib 172.16.101.2 239.55.55.55
Entry Flags:    C - Directly Connected, S - Signal, IA - Inherit A flag,
                ET - Data Rate Exceeds Threshold, K - Keepalive
                DDE - Data Driven Event, HW - Hardware Installed
                ME - MoFRR ECMP entry, MNE - MoFRR Non-ECMP entry, MP - MFIB 
                MoFRR Primary, RP - MRIB MoFRR Primary, P - MoFRR Primary
                MS  - MoFRR  Entry in Sync, MC - MoFRR entry in MoFRR Client,
                e   - Encap helper tunnel flag.
I/O Item Flags: IC - Internal Copy, NP - Not platform switched,
                NS - Negate Signalling, SP - Signal Present,
                A - Accept, F - Forward, RA - MRIB Accept, RF - MRIB Forward,
                MA - MFIB Accept, A2 - Accept backup,
                RA2 - MRIB Accept backup, MA2 - MFIB Accept backup

Forwarding Counts: Pkt Count/Pkts per second/Avg Pkt Size/Kbits per second
Other counts:      Total/RPF failed/Other drops
I/O Item Counts:   HW Pkt Count/FS Pkt Count/PS Pkt Count   Egress Rate in pps
Default
 (172.16.101.2,239.55.55.55) Flags: HW
   SW Forwarding: 0/0/0/0, Other: 0/0/0
   HW Forwarding: 6550/0/114/0, Other: 0/0/0
   Vif1 Flags: A TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5 Flags: F NS
     Pkts: 0/0/0    Rate: 0 pps

Mcast_SR#show adjacency vif1 detail 
Protocol Interface                 Address
IP       Vif1                      point2point(8)
                                   13270 packets, 657502 bytes
                                   epoch 0
                                   sourced in sev-epoch 0
                                   empty encap string
                                   P2P-ADJ

    Mcast_SR#show platform software ip rp active mfib group 239.5.5.5/32 
Route flags:
S - Signal;             C - Directly connected;
IA - Inherit A Flag;    L - Local;
BR - Bidir route
*, 239.5.5.5/32 --> OBJ_INTF_LIST (0x15)
                Obj id: 0x15, Flags: C
                OM handle: 0x3480200a50 

Mcast_SR#show platform software ip rp active mfib group 239.55.55.55/32 
Route flags:
S - Signal;             C - Directly connected;
IA - Inherit A Flag;    L - Local;
BR - Bidir route
*, 239.55.55.55/32 --> OBJ_INTF_LIST (0x36)
                Obj id: 0x36, Flags: C
                OM handle: 0x34801fa988 

Mcast_SR#show platform software mlist rp active index 0x15
Multicast List entries

OCE Flags:
NS - Negate Signalling; IC - Internal copy;
A - Accept;             F - Forward;

OCE              Type             OCE Flags        Interface                            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0xf8000029 OBJ_ADJACENCY NS, F Vif1                                 
0xf8000186       OBJ_ADJACENCY    A                Tunnel1                              

Mcast_SR#show platform software mlist rp active index 0x36    
Multicast List entries

OCE Flags:
NS - Negate Signalling; IC - Internal copy;
A - Accept;             F - Forward;

OCE              Type             OCE Flags        Interface                            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0xf80000d1 OBJ_ADJACENCY NS, F TenGigabitEthernet0/0/5              
0xf8000186       OBJ_ADJACENCY    A                Tunnel1

    對於RPF檢查，必須在組播路徑中的不同裝置上驗證這一點。

    C9000#show ip rpf 192.168.0.2
RPF information for ? (192.168.0.2)
  RPF interface: TenGigabitEthernet1/0/6
  RPF neighbor: ? (192.168.0.2) - directly connected
  RPF route/mask: 192.168.0.0/30
  RPF type: multicast (connected)
  Doing distance-preferred lookups across tables
  RPF topology: ipv4 multicast base

Mcast_SR#show ip rpf 192.168.0.2
RPF information for ? (192.168.0.2)
  RPF interface: TenGigabitEthernet0/0/2
  RPF neighbor: ? (192.168.0.5)
  RPF route/mask: 192.168.0.0/30
  RPF type: unicast (bgp 65001)
  Doing distance-preferred lookups across tables
  RPF topology: ipv4 multicast base, originated from ipv4 unicast base

Mcast_SR#show ip rpf 172.16.101.2
RPF information for ? (172.16.101.2)
  RPF interface: Vif1
  RPF neighbor: ? (172.16.101.2) - directly connected
  RPF route/mask: 172.16.101.0/30
  RPF type: multicast (connected)
  Doing distance-preferred lookups across tables
  RPF topology: ipv4 multicast base

ASR1000#show ip rpf 172.16.101.2
RPF information for ? (172.16.101.2)
  RPF interface: TenGigabitEthernet0/1/1
  RPF neighbor: ? (172.16.0.1)
  RPF route/mask: 172.16.101.0/30
  RPF type: unicast (bgp 65002)
  Doing distance-preferred lookups across tables
  RPF topology: ipv4 multicast base, originated from ipv4 unicast base

    最後，您可以確認在LHR接收和轉發的流量，第一個捕獲顯示ASR1000如何從新流(172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55)接收資料包，其中IPv4地址已按照預期進行轉換。 第二個擷取顯示要轉送到接收者的流量。  

    ASR1000#monitor capture LHR buffer size 10 match any interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/1/1 in
ASR1000#monitor capture LHR start 
Started capture point : LHR
*Oct 17 15:16:06.192: %BUFCAP-6-ENABLE: Capture Point LHR enabled.show moni

ASR1000#show monitor capture LHR buffer brief 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #   size   timestamp     source             destination      dscp    protocol
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0   73    0.000000   172.16.0.1       ->  172.16.0.2       48 CS6  TCP
   1 114 0.050992 172.16.101.2 -> 239.55.55.55 0 BE ICMP 2 114 2.051984 172.16.101.2 -> 239.55.55.55 0 BE ICMP
   3   54    2.896993   172.16.0.1       ->  172.16.0.2       48 CS6  TCP
   4  114    4.051984   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   5   72    4.967989   172.16.0.1       ->  224.0.0.13       48 CS6  PIM
   6  114    6.052991   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   7  114    8.053983   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   8  114   10.053983   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   9  114   12.053983   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  10  114   14.055997   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  11  114   16.056989   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  12  114   18.055997   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP

ASR1000#monitor capture LHR stop              
Stopped capture point : LHR
ASR1000#
*Oct 17 15:16:32.029: %BUFCAP-6-DISABLE: Capture Point LHR disabled.

ASR1000#monitor capture TO_RECEIVER buffer size 10 match any interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 out 
ASR1000#monitor capture TO_RECEIVER start 
Started capture point : TO_RECEIVER
*Oct 17 15:19:00.309: %BUFCAP-6-ENABLE: Capture Point TO_RECEIVER enabled.ni

ASR1000#show monitor capture TO_RECEIVER buffer brief 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #   size   timestamp     source             destination      dscp    protocol
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0  114    0.000000   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   1   46    0.276994   172.16.0.5       ->  224.0.0.1        48 CS6  IGMP
 2 114 1.999009 172.16.101.2 -> 239.55.55.55 0 BE ICMP 3 114 4.000000 172.16.101.2 -> 239.55.55.55 0 BE ICMP
   4   46    5.550027   172.16.0.5       ->  224.0.1.40       48 CS6  IGMP
   5  114    5.999009   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   6  114    8.000000   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   7  114   10.001007   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   8  114   12.001999   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
   9  114   14.003006   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP
  10  114   16.003998   172.16.101.2     ->  239.55.55.55     0  BE   ICMP

ASR1000#monitor capture TO_RECEIVER stop            
Stopped capture point : TO_RECEIVER
*Oct 17 15:19:24.938: %BUFCAP-6-DISABLE: Capture Point TO_RECEIVER disabled.

    如果由於某種原因*,G在某些點缺失，則可以使用命令show ip igmp membership <group>和show ip igmp groups <group>驗證Internet組管理協定(IGMP)狀態。  在此場景中，預期會看到轉換後的組播組239.55.55.55的條目。

    ASR1000#show ip igmp membership 239.55.55.55
Flags: A  - aggregate, T - tracked
       L  - Local, S - static, V - virtual, R - Reported through v3 
       I - v3lite, U - Urd, M - SSM (S,G) channel 
       1,2,3 - The version of IGMP, the group is in
Channel/Group-Flags: 
       / - Filtering entry (Exclude mode (S,G), Include mode (G))
Reporter:
       
    
    
    
    
      - last reporter if group is not explicitly tracked 
     
       / 
      
        - 
       
         reporter in include mode, 
        
          reporter in exclude Channel/Group Reporter Uptime Exp. Flags Interface 
          *,239.55.55.55 172.16.0.6 1w0d 02:40 2A Gi0/0/0 
         ASR1000#show ip igmp groups 239.55.55.55 IGMP Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter Group Accounted 239.55.55.55 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 01:11:56 00:02:49 172.16.0.6

    此外，在LHR處，mroute的檢驗可用於確認指向Receiver的介面已新增到OIL，並使用mtrace來確認指向兩個源的反向路徑。

    ASR1000#show ip mroute 239.55.55.55
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
       L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
       T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet,
       X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
       U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, 
       Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender, 
       Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group, 
       G - Received BGP C-Mroute, g - Sent BGP C-Mroute, 
       N - Received BGP Shared-Tree Prune, n - BGP C-Mroute suppressed, 
       Q - Received BGP S-A Route, q - Sent BGP S-A Route, 
       V - RD & Vector, v - Vector, p - PIM Joins on route, 
       x - VxLAN group, c - PFP-SA cache created entry, 
       * - determined by Assert, # - iif-starg configured on rpf intf, 
       e - encap-helper tunnel flag, l - LISP Decap Refcnt Contributor
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner, p - PIM Join
 Timers: Uptime/Expires
 Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.55.55.55), 23:28:12/stopped, RP 10.100.100.1, flags: SJC
  Incoming interface: TenGigabitEthernet0/1/1, RPF nbr 172.16.0.1
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet0/0/0, Forward/Sparse, 00:01:52/00:02:48
          
(172.16.101.2, 239.55.55.55), 00:10:11/00:02:40, flags: JT
  Incoming interface: TenGigabitEthernet0/1/1, RPF nbr 172.16.0.1
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet0/0/0, Forward/Sparse, 00:01:52/00:02:48

    ASR1000#mtrace 172.16.101.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Mtrace from 172.16.101.2 to 172.16.0.2 via RPF From source (?) to destination (?) Querying full reverse path... 0 172.16.0.2 -1 172.16.0.2 ==> 172.16.0.2 PIM/MBGP [172.16.101.0/30] -2 172.16.0.1 ==> 172.16.101.1 PIM_MT [172.16.101.0/30] -3 172.16.101.2

    ASR1000#mtrace 192.168.0.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Mtrace from 192.168.0.2 to 172.16.0.2 via RPF From source (?) to destination (?) Querying full reverse path... 0 172.16.0.2 -1 172.16.0.2 ==> 172.16.0.2 PIM/MBGP [192.168.0.0/30] -2 172.16.0.1 ==> 192.168.0.6 PIM/MBGP [192.168.0.0/30] -3 192.168.0.5 ==> 192.168.0.1 PIM_MT [192.168.0.0/30] -4 192.168.0.2

    相關資訊

    修訂記錄

    修訂 發佈日期 意見
    1.0
    20-Oct-2023
    初始版本
    TAC Authored

    由思科工程師貢獻

    • Julio Jimenez
    • Juan Rangel

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