在FXOS中配置LDAPS

簡介

本檔案介紹如何使用安全防火牆機箱管理員(FCM)和CLI在FXOS上設定Secure LDAP (LDAPS)。

必要條件

需求

思科建議您瞭解以下主題：

• 安全防火牆可擴充作業系統(FXOS)
• 安全防火牆機箱管理員(FCM)
• 輕量型目錄存取通訊協定(LDAP)概念

採用元件

本文檔中的資訊基於：

• 安全防火牆9300裝置版本2.12(0.8)

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

組態

建議測試普通LDAP在安全防火牆裝置上是否正常工作。 

配置純LDAP

1. 登入FCM。

2. 導航到平台設定> AAA > LDAP

3. 按一下LDAP Providers > Add

4. 配置LDAP提供程式，並輸入Microsoft Active Directory (MS AD)的繫結DN、基本DN、屬性和金鑰資訊。 

5. 使用LDAP伺服器的FQDN，因為SSL連線需要此項。

LDAP配置

6. 導航到系統>使用者管理>設定。

7. 將「預設」或「主控台」驗證設為LDAP。 

身份驗證方法選擇

8. 嘗試從SSH登入到機箱以測試使用LDAP使用者的身份驗證。

配置LDAPS

9. 測試成功的LDAP連線後，再次導航到平台設定> AAA > LDAP。

10. 編輯LDAP提供者並啟用SSL。

埠選擇GUI

11. LDAP伺服器的根CA證書必須導入機箱。如果有中間憑證，請一起匯入鏈結。 

從FXOS CLI建立信任點以執行此操作。 

FPR9300-01# scope security 
FPR9300-01 /security # create trustpoint LDAPS
>^CFPR9300-01 /security/trustpoint* # set certchain
Enter lines one at a time. Enter ENDOFBUF to finish. Press ^C to abort.
Trustpoint Certificate Chain:
>-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
>MIIDmTCCAoGgAwIBAgIQYPxqSJxdYLJCpz+rOqfXpjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBT
>MRUwEwYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYFbG9jYWwxFzAVBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZFgdqb3JnZWp1
>MSEwHwYDVQQDExhqb3JnZWp1LVdJTi1KT1JHRUpVLUNBLTEwHhcNMjEwMzIzMDc0
>MDAwWhcNMjYwMzIzMDc0OTU5WjBTMRUwEwYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYFbG9jYWwxFzAV
>BgoJkiaJk/IsZAEZFgdqb3JnZWp1MSEwHwYDVQQDExhqb3JnZWp1LVdJTi1KT1JH
>RUpVLUNBLTEwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDmBTWU6Leu
>bPxvc+EhC7fxjowEjjL0EXlMo3x7Pe3EW6Gng2iOMB1UpBNgSObbct83P6y6EmQi
>0RCCnEFfzy4stYPz/7499wALwMLSGNQWr10rjVB64ihfugbx95iDBcwuv6XK67h/
>T1caN4GZiLtYZjURGs5mLNB2f8hLp9QR2WoZqfAvrfvFB4I5RJjx0FYKIXW1dmPT
>AAPa/Qi+1Qv1exfzvXHXx1GMDCHle2yItFgl6o7OujT0AE3oplA/qQD+mTAJmdcR
>QLUDiUptqqYKgcbrH4Hu4PMje3INLd1vw1ThAwMFn+oXjRTM0KbEQ0/JEM6xRFMv
>LqmzDwxA8IoRAgMBAAGjaTBnMBMGCSsGAQQBgjcUAgQGHgQAQwBBMA4GA1UdDwEB
>/wQEAwIBhjAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBQoweZEEke7BIOd94R5
>YxjvJHdzSjAQBgkrBgEEAYI3FQEEAwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAyGli
>n77K0OiqSljTeg+ClVLRX8VJwr7Pp5p4Mu0mRhZckmIKSUtYDla3ToVix5k4dXSU
>7MaVWDkW/1NvReaqCfis5mgfrpzoPUkqKGiz7Zhd57gA4tBU/XbP/CXpTuAR3Isa
>NKz7yy+6tisf+8vfLtRN8c3IclS6ncyrdAdJ2iJY74jJm1eUPs3muaqApPPwoRF2
>GdALD/Y+Pq36cSjK+jGP1+2rD6cW16thBp9plOOTL+qpq4DL+W6uctWeRMgGxcWn
>GsKhHysno9dZ+DnnOlx0tP+S1B9fmxF7ycCmmn328dZVEG7JXjHc8KoqwwWe+fwu
>GXLRM+rKaAICH52EEw==
>-----END CERTIFICATE-----
>ENDOFBUF
FPR9300-01 /security/trustpoint* # commit-buffer 

12. 輸入在LDAP提供者上配置的LDAP伺服器組態。記下LDAP伺服器的名稱。 

13. 將撤銷政策設為放寬。

FPR9300-01 /security # scope ldap
FPR9300-01 /security/ldap # show server
LDAP server:
Hostname, FQDN or IP address DN to search and read Port SSL Key CRL Password
------------------------------ ------------------------ ----- ---- ----- ---- --------
WIN-JOR.jor.local CN=sfua,CN=Users,DC=jor,DC=local
389 Yes Strict ****


FPR9300-01 /security/ldap # scope server WIN-JOR.jor.local
FPR9300-01 /security/ldap/server # set revoke-policy relaxed 
FPR9300-01 /security/ldap/server* # commit-buffer

FPR9300-01 /security/ldap/server # show 
LDAP server:
Hostname, FQDN or IP address DN to search and read Port SSL Key CRL Password
------------------------------ ------------------------ ----- ---- ----- ---- --------
WIN-JOR.jor.local CN=sfua,CN=Users,DC=jor,DC=local
389 Yes Relaxed ****

14. 使用commit-buffer儲存更改。 

疑難排解

DNS解析

檢查FQDN是否解析為正確的IP。名稱解析可能有問題： 

FPR9300-01# connect fxos
FPR9300-01(fxos)# ethanalyzer local interface mgmt capture-filter "udp port 53" limit-captured-frames 100
Capturing on 'eth0'
1 2024-02-01 11:36:43.822089169 10.4.23.202 → 10.88.243.91 DNS 85 Standard query 0x1b86 AAAA WIN-JOR.jor.local
2 2024-02-01 11:36:43.857989995 10.88.243.91 → 10.4.23.202 DNS 160 Standard query response 0x1b86 No such name AAAA WIN-JOR.jor.local SOA a.root-servers.net

成功的DNS名稱解析如下所示： 

FPR9300-01(fxos)# ethanalyzer local interface mgmt capture-filter "udp port 53" limit-captured-frames 100
Capturing on 'eth0'
1 2022-09-06 00:49:00.059899379 10.88.146.73 → 10.88.243.91 DNS 85 Standard query 0xc512 AAAA WIN-JOR.jor.local
2 2022-09-06 00:49:00.061349442 10.88.243.91 → 10.88.146.73 DNS 113 Standard query response 0xc512 AAAA WIN-JOR.jor.local AAAA 2001:420:140e:2106:a943::1a69:7162::994e
3 2022-09-06 00:49:00.061515561 10.88.146.73 → 10.88.243.91 DNS 85 Standard query 0xc513 A WIN-JOR.jor.local
4 2022-09-06 00:49:00.061727264 10.88.243.91 → 10.88.146.73 DNS 101 Standard query response 0xc513 A WIN-JOR.jor.local A 10.88.243.91

TCP和SSL握手

為了驗證LDAPS連線，請在埠389上設定捕獲。 

如果看到未知CA之類的警報，則表示LDAP伺服器的根CA證書不匹配。驗證憑證是否確實是伺服器的根CA。

7 2024-02-01 12:10:37.260940300 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1 345 Client Hello
8 2024-02-01 12:10:37.264016628 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TCP 1514 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
9 2024-02-01 12:10:37.264115319 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TLSv1.2 617 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Key Exchange, Certificate Request, Server Hello Done
10 2024-02-01 12:10:37.264131122 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TCP 66 40638 → 389 [ACK] Seq=311 Ack=2046 Win=35328 Len=0 TSval=1601782060 TSecr=132428208
11 2024-02-01 12:10:37.264430791 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 73 Alert (Level: Fatal, Description: Unknown CA)
12 2024-02-01 12:10:37.264548228 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 73 Ignored Unknown Record

成功的連線如下所示： 

FPR9300-01(fxos)# ethanalyzer local interface mgmt capture-filter "tcp port 389" limit-captured-frames 100
Capturing on 'eth0'
1 2024-02-01 12:12:49.131155860 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TCP 74 42396 → 389 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=29200 Len=0 MSS=1460 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=1601913927 TSecr=0 WS=512
2 2024-02-01 12:12:49.131403319 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TCP 74 389 → 42396 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=256 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=132560067 TSecr=1601913927
3 2024-02-01 12:12:49.131431506 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TCP 66 42396 → 389 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=29696 Len=0 TSval=1601913927 TSecr=132560067
4 2024-02-01 12:12:49.131455795 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 LDAP 97 extendedReq(1) LDAP_START_TLS_OID 
5 2024-02-01 12:12:49.131914129 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 LDAP 112 extendedResp(1) LDAP_START_TLS_OID 
6 2024-02-01 12:12:49.131931868 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TCP 66 42396 → 389 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=47 Win=29696 Len=0 TSval=1601913928 TSecr=132560068
7 2024-02-01 12:12:49.133238650 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1 345 Client Hello
8 2024-02-01 12:12:49.135557845 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TLSv1.2 2065 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Key Exchange, Certificate Request, Server Hello Done
9 2024-02-01 12:12:49.135595847 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TCP 66 42396 → 389 [ACK] Seq=311 Ack=2046 Win=33280 Len=0 TSval=1601913931 TSecr=132560071
10 2024-02-01 12:12:49.150071315 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 171 Certificate, Client Key Exchange, Change Cipher Spec, Encrypted Handshake Message
11 2024-02-01 12:12:49.150995765 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TLSv1.2 117 Change Cipher Spec, Encrypted Handshake Message
12 2024-02-01 12:12:49.151218671 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 153 Application Data
13 2024-02-01 12:12:49.152638865 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TLSv1.2 117 Application Data
14 2024-02-01 12:12:49.152782132 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 165 Application Data
15 2024-02-01 12:12:49.153310263 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TLSv1.2 430 Application Data
16 2024-02-01 12:12:49.153463478 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 153 Application Data
17 2024-02-01 12:12:49.154673694 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TLSv1.2 117 Application Data
18 2024-02-01 12:12:49.155219271 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 102 Application Data
19 2024-02-01 12:12:49.155254255 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TLSv1.2 97 Encrypted Alert
20 2024-02-01 12:12:49.155273807 10.4.23.202 → 10.4.23.128 TCP 66 42396 → 389 [FIN, ACK] Seq=756 Ack=2563 Win=36352 Len=0 TSval=1601913951 TSecr=132560089
21 2024-02-01 12:12:49.155483352 10.4.23.128 → 10.4.23.202 TCP 60 389 → 42396 [RST, ACK] Seq=2563 Ack=725 Win=0 Len=0

偵錯

您可以啟用LDAP調試，以便在進行更深入的故障排除時獲得更多資訊。 

成功的SSL連線如下所示，未發現任何重大錯誤： 

FPR9300-01(fxos)# debug ldap all

2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243245 ldap: 0x00000101/111 -> 0x00000101/0 id0x2F06F sz370 [REQ] op4093 rr0x2F06F sn0x0 opt0x0 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243275 ldap: mts_ldap_aaa_request_handler: session id 0, list handle is NULL
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243289 ldap: mts_ldap_aaa_request_handler: user :sfua:, user_len 4, user_data_len 8 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243298 ldap: ldap_authenticate: user sfua with server group ldap
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243337 ldap: ldap_authenticate:3150 the value of login_type is 0 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243394 ldap: ldap_global_config: entering ...
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243637 ldap: ldap_read_group_config:
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.243831 ldap: ldap_server_config: GET_REQ: server index: 1 addr: 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.244059 ldap: ldap_client_auth_init: attr_memberof not configured for server
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.244268 ldap: ldap_client_auth_init: (user sfua) - ldap_init success for host WIN-JORGEJU.jorgeju.local port 389 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.244487 ldap: ldap_client_lib_init_ssl: set ldap options cipher_suite ALL:!DHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-
SHA:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!DES-CBC3-SHA:!ADH:!3DES:!EXPORT40:!EXPORT56:!LOW:!RC4:!MD5:!IDEA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+EXP:+eNULL:!RC2:!DH:!ECDHE-
RSA-AES256-SHA:!ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:!
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.246568 ldap: ldap_do_TLS: - ldap_tls initiated 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.246598 ldap: ldap_client_auth_init:(user sfua) - awaiting for response, isssl: 1 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.247104 ldap: ldap_socket_ready_callback: entering... 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.247116 ldap: ldap_process_result: entering... for user sfua 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.247124 ldap: ldap_process_result: ldap_result sess->state: LDAP_SESS_TLS_SENT
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.247146 ldap: ldap_process_result: (user sfua) - tls extended resp.
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.247153 ldap: ldap_do_process_tls_resp: entering for user sfua 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.247169 ldap: ldap_do_process_tls_resp: (user sfua) - ldap start TLS sent successfully; Calling ldap_install_tls 
2024 Feb 1 11:51:16.249856 ldap: ldap_app_cb: - ldap_app_ctx 0x100ad224 ldap session 0x1217a53c ssl 0x12165cbc ssl_ctx 0x121636ac 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.512383 ldap: ldap_app_cb: - Check the configured hostname WIN-JORGEJU.jorgeju.local with peer certificate. 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.512418 ldap: ldap_app_cb: Non CC mode - hostname WIN-JORGEJU.jorgeju.local. 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.520346 ldap: ldap_crls_http_and_local_cb: - get CRL from CRLDP 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.520626 ldap: ldap_crls_http_and_local_cb: - crls 0x121787dc 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.520900 ldap: ldap_load_crl_crldp: - get CRL from CRLDP 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.521135 ldap: ldap_load_crl_crldp: - crls 0x121787dc 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.521364 ldap: ldap_get_dp_url: - get URI from CRLDP 
2024 Feb 1 12:19:20.521592 ldap: ldap_load_crl_http: - entering... 

當伺服器的根CA證書不匹配時，您可以在ldap_check_cert_chain_cb進程中觀察到證書錯誤： 

2024 Feb 1 12:07:08.624416 ldap: ldap_app_cb: - Check the configured hostname WIN-JOR.jor.local with peer certificate. 
2024 Feb 1 12:07:08.624453 ldap: ldap_app_cb: Non CC mode - hostname WIN-JOR.jor.local. 
2024 Feb 1 12:08:31.274583 ldap: ldap_check_cert_chain_cb: - Enter 
2024 Feb 1 12:08:31.274607 ldap: ldap_check_cert_chain_cb: - called ok flag is 0 
2024 Feb 1 12:08:31.274620 ldap: ldap_check_cert_chain_cb: - ldap session 0x1217a53c, crlstrict 0. 
2024 Feb 1 12:08:31.274632 ldap: ldap_check_cert_chain_cb: - get ctx error is 20 
2024 Feb 1 12:08:31.274664 ldap: ldap_check_cert_chain_cb: - cert X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY, failed 
2024 Feb 1 12:08:31.274688 ldap: ldap_check_cert_chain_cb: - End ok 0 
2024 Feb 1 12:08:31.274833 ldap: ldap_do_process_tls_resp: (user sfua) - TLS START failed 

從鎖定狀態中恢復

如果由於任何原因被機箱管理器GUI鎖定，並且LDAPS不起作用，則仍可以在訪問CLI的情況下進行恢復。 

這可以透過將預設身份驗證或控制檯身份驗證的身份驗證方法更改回本地來完成。 

FPR9300-01# scope security 
FPR9300-01 /security # scope default-auth 
FPR9300-01 /security/default-auth # show
Default authentication:
Admin Realm                   Admin Authentication server group Use of 2nd factor
---------------------------- --------------------------------- -----------------
Ldap                                                            No

FPR9300-01 /security/default-auth # set realm local
FPR9300-01 /security/default-auth* # commit-buffer 
FPR9300-01 /security/default-auth # show
Default authentication:
Admin Realm                  Admin Authentication server group Use of 2nd factor
---------------------------- --------------------------------- -----------------
Local                                                           No

完成這些變更後，請再次嘗試登入FCM。 

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