簡介
本文說明如何對Catalyst 3650/3850交換器上的乙太網路供電(PoE)Imax錯誤進行疑難排解。
背景資訊
Catalyst 3650/3850交換器使用PoE,透過將外部裝置(例如無線存取點(AP)、IP電話等)連線到交換器的乙太網路纜線,為外部裝置供電。
Imax錯誤是什麼
當交換機上支援PoE的連線埠消耗的功率超過其協商的功率時,會發生Imax錯誤。當IEEE供電裝置(PD)啟動時,它會被分類到類中。根據裝置所處的類別,作為電源裝置(PSE)的交換機會為其分配一定量的瓦特。這可以由使用Cisco Discovery Protocol(CDP)或鏈路層發現協定(LLDP)的裝置稍後重新協商,以請求更多或更少的電源。這是為了允許對權力進行預算。
PD確保它不會獲得比所分配功率更多的功率。交換機通過設定Icutoff值來控制這一點。這是將控制器上的值設定為高位。當裝置超過Icutoff值時,交換機停止供電,並記錄一個Imax錯誤,該錯誤指示所連線的裝置超過了協商的瓦數。
與舊裝置的比較
Catalyst 3650/3850採用更增強的PoE控制器。如果較舊的裝置(如Catalyst 3750)在設定Icutoff值方面不支援太多粒度,則Catalyst 3650和3850會支援太多粒度。這通常讓人覺得Catalyst 3650/3850遇到較舊裝置無法遇到的問題。然而,在幾乎所有情況下,這都只是一種看法。較舊裝置在電源管制方面的粒度較小,允許PD獲得比協商更大的電源。Catalyst 3650/3850確實會更嚴格地控制已抽出的功率,因此Catalyst 3650/3850上可能會發生Imax錯誤,在該錯誤中,將相同裝置連線到較舊交換器不會顯示任何問題。
排除Imax錯誤
確定PD在該領域的實際能量並不容易。當交換機上的電源控制器檢測到某個埠有較多電源時,它會關閉該埠,並通知Cisco IOS® PD已超過最大分配功率。在Cisco IOS中,可以使用show power inline <interface> detail命令檢視每個連線埠目前消耗的功率。
3850_4#sh power inline Te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.0
Power available to the device: 15.0
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 6.1
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 6.2
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: IEEE 802.3at LLDP
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: Type 2 PSE Type 1 PD
Power Source: Primary PSE
Power Priority: low high
Requested Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Allocated Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: Shared
此輸出中埠處顯示的測量值由控制器測量。此資訊每隔幾秒鐘收集一次,並提供一些有關已用電源的指示。顯示的最大功耗值似乎有助於解決Imax錯誤,但不幸的是,這只是裝置最大功耗的歷史顯示。如果發生Imax錯誤,則此時通電不會報告給Cisco IOS,並且不能在該處顯示。
如示例所示,分配給埠的值為15W。這是程式設計到介面上的截止值。使用思科錯誤ID CSCuy7423之前,會在連線埠上定期設定Icutoff值。每次收到CDP封包時,這個值都可以重新程式設計。在Cisco錯誤ID CSCuy74231(在Cisco IOS XE 3.6.5E和3.7.5或更高版本中修正)之後,此程式設計已最佳化。這降低了重新程式設計Icutoff值時導致Imax錯誤的可能性。
Icutoff值的程式設計可通過兩個命令顯示。通過可以歷史收集日誌的跟蹤或啟用調試以便在調試消息發生時對其進行記錄。獲取此內容的命令如下:
show mgmt-infra trace message platform-mgr-poe
debug platform poe
只有在堆疊中的使用中交換器具有PoE功能時,才能執行show trace命令。否則,需要使用以下命令,才能先連線到堆疊中的PoE成員交換器以執行它:
session switch
*May 20 00:34:04.445:CDP-PA: Packet received from AP2 on interface TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44
**Entry found in cache**
*May 20 00:34:04.445: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: Dequeued POE SPI msg ver 1 if_id 73003723793629284
num_ports 1 req_id 650 msg_type 20
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: E_ILP_SET_CUTOFF if_id 73003723793629284
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info:port 44 icutoff power 15000
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: re_poe_set_icutoff_current port 44 power 15000
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: scale factor 22 for power 15000
*May 20 00:34:04.452: %IOSXE-7-PLATFORM: MEMBER: 3 process platform_mgr: PoE Info: POE_SET_CUTOFF_CURRENT_SCALE_FACTOR sent
for port 44 (e:11)
如前所述,診斷Imax錯誤是一個複雜的過程。發生Imax錯誤時記錄的資訊不多。控制器會關閉埠,PD通常會丟失所有日誌,這些日誌與它在獲取比分配更多的電量時所執行的操作有關。在現場用埠測量所抽取的功率並不容易,但使用靜態分配功率可以作出判斷。通過靜態分配比動態請求更多的功率,可以確定PD將消耗多少功率來觸發超出Icutoff閾值。可以使用命令power inline static max <value>在交換機埠上配置靜態最大功耗。
3850_4#sh run int te 3/0/44
interface TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44
power inline static max 20000
end
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: static
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated Admin Value: 20.0
Power drawn from the source: 20.0
Power available to the device: 20.0
電源交涉
各種IEEE類定義了功率使用級別。PD和PSE之間使用CDP或LLDP進行進一步的功率協商。當您檢視Imax錯誤時,電源協商會發揮重要作用。PD請求為其分配多少功率,但它也可以確保不能超過請求的值。
類別 PSE PD
0類/預設15.4W 12.95W
1類4.0W 3.84W
2類7.0W 6.49W
3類15.4W 12.95W
4類30.0W 25.50W
根據此表,根據檢測到的類別,交換機(PSE)允許使用特定的最大功率。必須注意的是,該標準還定義了PD能夠使用的功率。標準分配用於PSE和PD之間的佈線所需的電力的預算。這還突出表明,在調查Imax錯誤時瞭解使用的電纜型別以及確定在什麼情況下電纜比其它情況更可能發生的非常重要。
在分類之外,使用CDP或LLDP協定完成電源協商。這允許交換器分配的功率大於或小於類別所設定的最大值。
從下一個示例中可以看到,PD(本例中為Access Point)出現。在進行電源協商之前,已為其分配為該類設定的預設15.4W。
3850_4#sh cdp neigh te 3/0/44 detail
-------------------------
Device ID: AP2
Entry address(es):
IPv6 address: FE80::CEEF:48FF:FEC2:1B9B (link-local)
Platform: cisco AIR-CAP3501I-E-K9, Capabilities: Router Trans-Bridge Source-Route-Bridge IGMP
Interface: TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44, Port ID (outgoing port): GigabitEthernet0
Holdtime : 163 sec
Version :
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: full
Total cdp entries displayed : 1
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44
Interface Admin Oper Power Device Class Max
(Watts)
--------- ------ ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ----
Te3/0/44 auto on 15.4 AIR-CAP3501I-E-K9 3 60.0
現在,一旦發生電源協商,交換機就會分配更少的電源。show cdp neig <if> detail 命令的輸出中顯示了請求的各種電源級別。雖然有些裝置可能只有一個要求,但有些裝置會請求多個電源級別。例如,如果不能為無線接入點提供全功率,則它們能夠開啟或關閉無線電。在本例中,PD請求15000或14500 mW。
3850_4#sh cdp neigh te 3/0/44 detail
-------------------------
Device ID: AP2
Entry address(es):
IP address: 10.1.200.2
IPv6 address: FE80::CEEF:48FF:FEC2:1B9B (link-local)
Platform: cisco AIR-CAP3501I-E-K9, Capabilities: Trans-Bridge Source-Route-Bridge IGMP
Interface: TenGigabitEthernet3/0/44, Port ID (outgoing port): GigabitEthernet0
Holdtime : 172 sec
Version :
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: full
Power drawn: 15.000 Watts
Power request id: 15079, Power management id: 2
Power request levels are: 15000 14500 0 0 0
Management address(es):
IP address: 10.1.200.2
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: cisco AIR-CAP3501I-
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.0
Power available to the device: 15.0
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 6.1
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 6.2
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: CDP
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: - -
Power Source: - -
Power Priority: - -
Requested Power(W): - -
Allocated Power(W): - -
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: Shared
使用LLDP而不是CDP顯示了相同的結果。當PD通電時,裝置按類接收全功率15.4W。
3850_4#sh lldp neighbors te 3/0/44 detail
------------------------------------------------
Local Intf: Te3/0/44
Chassis id: 2c3f.387e.91d0
Port id: Gi0
Port Description: GigabitEthernet0
System Name: AP2.cisco.com
System Description:
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
Time remaining: 64 seconds
System Capabilities: B
Enabled Capabilities: B
Management Addresses:
IP: 10.1.200.2
Auto Negotiation - supported, enabled
Physical media capabilities:
1000baseT(FD)
1000baseT(HD)
100base-TX(FD)
100base-TX(HD)
10base-T(FD)
10base-T(HD)
Media Attachment Unit type: 30
Vlan ID: - not advertised
Total entries displayed: 1
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.4
Power available to the device: 15.4
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 5.2
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 5.3
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: None
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: - -
Power Source: - -
Power Priority: - -
Requested Power(W): - -
Allocated Power(W): - -
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: N/A
一旦啟動,分配就會降低。
3850_4#sh lldp neighbors te 3/0/44 detail
------------------------------------------------
Local Intf: Te3/0/44
Chassis id: 2c3f.387e.91d0
Port id: Gi0
Port Description: GigabitEthernet0
System Name: AP2.cisco.com
System Description:
Cisco IOS Software, C3500 Software (AP3G1-K9W8-M), Version 15.3(3)JNB3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html
Copyright (c) 1986-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 05-Jan-16 00:44 by prod_rel_team
Time remaining: 108 seconds
System Capabilities: B
Enabled Capabilities: B
Management Addresses:
IP: 10.1.200.2
Auto Negotiation - supported, enabled
Physical media capabilities:
1000baseT(FD)
1000baseT(HD)
100base-TX(FD)
100base-TX(HD)
10base-T(FD)
10base-T(HD)
Media Attachment Unit type: 30
Vlan ID: - not advertised
PoE+ Power-via-MDI TLV:
Power Pair: Signal
Power Class: Class 3
Power Device Type: Type 1 PD
Power Source: PSE
Power Priority: high
Power Requested: 12700 mW
Power Allocated: 12700 mW
Total entries displayed: 1
3850_4#sh power inline te 3/0/44 detail
Interface: Te3/0/44
Inline Power Mode: auto
Operational status: on
Device Detected: yes
Device Type: Ieee PD
IEEE Class: 3
Discovery mechanism used/configured: Ieee and Cisco
Police: off
Power Allocated
Admin Value: 60.0
Power drawn from the source: 15.0
Power available to the device: 15.0
Actual consumption
Measured at the port: 6.1
Maximum Power drawn by the device since powered on: 6.2
Absent Counter: 0
Over Current Counter: 0
Short Current Counter: 0
Invalid Signature Counter: 0
Power Denied Counter: 0
Power Negotiation Used: IEEE 802.3at LLDP
LLDP Power Negotiation --Sent to PD-- --Rcvd from PD--
Power Type: Type 2 PSE Type 1 PD
Power Source: Primary PSE
Power Priority: low high
Requested Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Allocated Power(W): 12.7 12.7
Four-Pair PoE Supported: Yes
Spare Pair Power Enabled: No
Four-Pair PD Architecture: Share
show power inline <interface> detail命令的輸出顯示了比CDP所顯示的更多有關正在執行的協商的資訊。在功率協商方面,CDP和LLDP之間還有另一個主要區別。CDP會協商在埠(15W)提供的功率。但是對於LLDP,您會看到PD不會協商埠可以提供的電源。它要求得到民主黨希望擁有的權力。在本例中為12.7W。交換機(PSE)必須補償佈線中的損耗,並為埠分配15W。隨著功率協商的進行,確定故障時請求的功率也是非常關鍵的。有關裝置已啟動時間以及發生錯誤時可能發生哪些事件的知識可以提供有關根本原因的更多詳細資訊。例如,IP電話從睡眠狀態出來並完全開啟螢幕,可以瞬間獲得更多功率。
摘要
對於Imax錯誤,很難確定確切的原因。幾乎在所有情況下,都會發現PD增加電源時出現問題,PD供應商需要參與調查,以調查為什麼電源超過與交換機協商的功率。
調查電纜的型別和長度也非常重要,因為這確實改變了電纜的電氣特性,並影響了埠所消耗的電量。同樣重要的是調查功率協商,並確認裝置請求的功率也是分配的功率量。對於LLDP,PD和PSE之間的佈線需要額外的預算。在某些情況下,通過使用靜態分配的電源,可以解決Imax錯誤和/或確定裝置在埠上超出的功率量。PD超額分配功率的確認只能通過功率測量和測試裝置來實現。
在Cisco IOS XE 3.6.5版和3.7.5版及更高版本中,對Imax錯誤進行了一些改進:
- 對埠的Icutoff值的重新程式設計量已經減少。
- 埠上用於拉拔電源的餘量已增加,在某些情況下,這足以防止Imax錯誤。
- 解決了一些角點情況,其中Imax錯誤可能作為虛警出現。