驗證Catalyst 9000交換機上的安全ACL

簡介

本檔案介紹如何驗證Catalyst 9000系列交換器上的ACL（存取控制清單）並疑難排解。

必要條件

需求

本文件沒有特定需求。

採用元件

本檔案中的資訊是根據以下硬體版本：

• C9200
• C9300
• C9400
• C9500
• C9600

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

注意：有關在其他Cisco平台上啟用這些功能的命令，請參閱相應的配置指南。

背景資訊

ACL會在流量透過路由器或交換機時過濾流量，並允許或拒絕透過指定介面的資料包。ACL是適用於資料包的允許和拒絕條件的順序集合。當某個介面收到資料包時，交換機根據訪問清單中指定的條件，將資料包中的欄位與任何應用的ACL進行比較，以驗證資料包是否具有轉發所需的許可權。它逐一根據訪問清單中的條件測試資料包。第一個符專案會決定交換器要接受或拒絕封包。由於交換機在第一個匹配項之後停止測試，因此清單中的條件順序非常重要。如果沒有相符的條件，交換器就會拒絕封包。如果沒有限制，交換機會轉發該資料包；否則，交換機會丟棄該資料包。交換器可以對其轉送的所有封包使用ACL。

您可以設定存取清單，為您的網路提供基本安全性。如果不配置ACL，則允許透過交換機的所有資料包訪問所有網路部分。您可以使用ACL來控制哪些主機可以訪問網路的不同部分，或決定在路由器介面轉發或阻止哪些型別的流量。例如，您可以轉發電子郵件流量，但不能轉發Telnet流量。

技術

ACL資源利用率示例

以下提供三個範例來說明ACL如何使用TCAM、L4OP和VCU。

範例 1.IPv4 TCAM

access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.4.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.5.0 0.0.0.255

範例 2.IPv4 TCAM/L4OP/VCU

ip access-list extended TEST
10 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any neq 3456          <-- 1 L4OP, 1 VCU
20 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any range 3000 3100  <-- 1 L4OP, 2 VCU
30 permit tcp 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 any range 4000 8000  <-- 1 L4OP, 2 VCU
40 permit tcp 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 gt 10000 any eq 20000 <-- 2 L4OP, 2 VCU

範例 3.IPv6 TCAM/L4OP/VCU

IPv6 ACE使用兩個TCAM條目，而IPv4使用一個。在本例中，四個ACE消耗八個TCAM而不是四個。

ipv6 access-list v6TEST
sequence 10 deny ipv6 any 2001:DB8:C18::/48 fragments
sequence 20 deny ipv6 2001:DB8::/32 any
sequence 30 permit tcp host 2001:DB8:C19:2:1::F host 2001:DB8:C18:2:1::1 eq bgp  <-- One L4OP & VCU
sequence 40 permit tcp host 2001:DB8:C19:2:1::F eq bgp host 2001:DB8:C18:2:1::1  <-- One L4OP & VCU

拓撲

根據示例中顯示的轉發或丟棄結果，9300 VLAN 10 SVI使用本圖中所示的兩個IP地址之一。

配置和驗證

本節介紹如何在軟體和硬體中驗證ACL程式設計並對其進行故障排除。

案例 1.PACL (IP ACL)

PACL被分配給第2層介面。

• 安全邊界：埠或VLAN
• 附件：第2層介面
• 方向：入口或出口（一次一個）
• 支援的ACL型別：MAC ACL和IP ACL（標準或擴展）

使用IP ACL配置PACL

9500H(config)#ip access-list extended TEST          <-- Create a named extended ACL
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show access-lists TEST                        <-- Display the ACL configured 
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
    20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H(config)#interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1        <-- Apply ACL to Layer 2 interface  
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in

9500H#show running-config interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 63 bytes
!
interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
 ip access-group TEST in                             <-- Display the ACL applied to the interface 
end

驗證PACL

擷取與介面相關的IF_ID。

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm interfaces ethernet
Interface                         IF_ID               State 
----------------------------------------------------------------
TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1               0x00000008          READY     <-- IF_ID value for Tw1/0/1

驗證繫結到IF_ID的類組ID (CG ID)。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x8       <-- IF_ID with leading zeros omitted 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######   Printing Interface Infos     #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                                  <-- Confirms the interface matches the IF_ID
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port                                        <-- Type: Port indicates Layer 2 interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008                                   <-- IF_ID 0x8 is correct
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0x5b000093
        Policy Name: TEST                                       <-- The named ACL bound to this interface 
             CG ID: 9                                           <-- Class Group ID for this entry 
       CGM Feature: [0] acl                                     <-- Feature is ACL
        Bind Order: 0

與CG ID關聯的ACL資訊。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-cgid 9  <-- The CG ID associated to the ACL TEST
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl/9): TEST type: IPv4     <-- feature ACL/CG ID 9: ACl name TEST : ACL type IPv4 
Total Ref count 1
---------------------------------
1 Interface                         <-- ACL is applied to one interface 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 10
    subregion subr_id: 0
      GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N             <-- #flds: 2 = two fields in entry | l4:N (no Layer 4 port match) 
        Result: 0x01010000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff  <-- src 0x0a010101 hex = 10.1.1.1 | mask 0xffffffff = exact host match
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000  <-- dst & mask = 0x00000000 = match any
       GCE#:1 #flds: 4 l4:Y matchall:N deny:N            <-- #flds: 4 = four fields in entry | l4:Y (ACE uses UDP port L4 match)
        Result: 0x01010000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff  <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.1 
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x0a010102, mask = 0xffffffff  <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.2
        ip_prot: start = 17, end = 17                    <-- protocol 17 is UDP 
        l4_src: start = 1000, end = 1000                 <-- matches eq 1000 (equal UDP port 1000)

有關CG ID以及哪些介面使用CG ID的策略資訊。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 9      <-- Use the CG ID value 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                            <-- Interface with ACL applied 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008                             <-- The Interface IF_ID 0x8 
------------
Direction: Input                                          <-- ACl is applied in the ingress direction 
Protocol Type:IPv4                                        <-- Type is IPv4 
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x880000c1
    Policy Handle: 0x5b000093

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Policy information       #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle      : 0x5b000093
Policy name        : TEST                                 <-- ACL Name TEST
ID                 : 9                                    <-- CG ID for this ACL entry 
Protocol           : [3] IPV4
Feature            : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL                 <-- ASIC feature is PACL 
Number of ACLs     : 1

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number    : 1
=====================================
Acl handle      : 0x320000d2
Acl flags       : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs  : 3                                       <-- 3 ACEs: two explicit and the implicit deny entry 
  Ace handle [1] : 0xb700010a
  Ace handle [2] : 0x5800010b 

Interface(s):
        TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                               <-- The interface ACL is applied 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0x880000c1
Policy handle         : 0x5b000093
ID                    : 9
Protocol              : [3] IPV4
Feature               : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL
Direction             : [1] Ingress
Number of ACLs        : 1
Number of VMRs        : 3------------

確認PACL工作正常。

注意：輸入show ip access-lists privileged EXEC命令時，顯示的匹配項計數不會計入在硬體中受訪問控制的資料包。使用show platform software fed switch {switch_num|active|standby}acl counters hardware privilegedEXEC命令可獲取交換和路由資料包的一些基本硬體ACL統計資訊。

### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.1 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1 <--- Ping source is permitted and ping is successful 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms <-- 100% ping success 


### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.3 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.3 <-- Ping source is denied (implicit) and ping fails 
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) <-- 0% ping success 


### Confirm PACL drop ###
9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
 10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any <-- Counters in this command do not show matches
 20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | i PACL Drop
Ingress IPv4 PACL Drop (0x77000005): 11 frames <-- Hardware level command displays drops against PACL 
Ingress IPv6 PACL Drop            (0x12000012):          0 frames
<...snip...>

案例 2.PACL (MAC ACL)

PACL被分配給第2層介面。

• 安全邊界：埠或VLAN
• 附件：第2層介面
• 方向：入口或出口（一次一個）
• 支援的ACL型別：MAC ACL和IP ACL（標準或擴展）

使用MAC ACL配置PACL

9500H#show run | sec mac access-list
mac access-list extended MAC-TEST <-- MAC ACL named MAC-TEST           
 permit host 0001.aaaa.aaaa any <-- permit host MAC to any dest MAC 

9500H#show access-lists MAC-TEST
Extended MAC access list MAC-TEST
    permit host 0001.aaaa.aaaa any

9500H#show running-config interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1
Building configuration...

interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
switchport access vlan 10
switchport mode access
mac access-group MAC-TEST in <-- Applied MACL to layer 2 interface 

驗證PACL

擷取與介面相關的IF_ID。

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm interfaces ethernet
Interface                         IF_ID               State 
----------------------------------------------------------------
TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1              0x00000008          READY     <-- IF_ID value for Tw1/0/1

驗證繫結到IF_ID的類組ID (CG ID)。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x8 <-- IF_ID with leading zeros omitted 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######   Printing Interface Infos     #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1 <-- Confirms the interface matches the IF_ID 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f489404e408
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port <-- Type: Port indicates Layer 2 interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008 <-- IF_ID 0x8 is correct 
    Input MAC: Policy Handle: 0xde000098 
        Policy Name: MAC-TEST <-- The named ACL bound to this interface 
             CG ID: 20 <-- Class Group ID for this entry 
       CGM Feature: [0] acl <-- Feature is ACL 
        Bind Order: 0

與CG ID關聯的ACL資訊。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-cgid 20 <-- The CG ID associated to the ACl MAC-TEST
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl/20): MAC-TEST type: MAC <-- feature ACL/CG ID 20: ACL name MAC-TEST : type MAC ACL 
Total Ref count 1
---------------------------------
1 Interface <-- Applied to one interface 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 3
    subregion subr_id: 0
       GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
         Result: 0x01010000
         mac_dest: value = 0x00, mask = 0x00 <-- Mac dest: hex 0x00 mask 0x00 is "any destination 
         mac_src: value = 0x1aaaaaaaa, mask = 0xffffffffffff  
<-- Mac source: 0x1aaaaaaaa | hex with leading zeros omitted (0001.aaaa.aaaa) & mask 0xffffffffffff is host exact match 

有關CG ID以及哪些介面使用CG ID的策略資訊。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 20 <-- Use the CG ID value 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1 <-- Interface with ACL applied 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008 <-- The Interface IF_ID 0x8 
------------
Direction: Input <-- ACl is applied in the ingress direction 
Protocol Type:MAC <-- Type is MAC
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x30000c6
    Policy Handle: 0xde000098

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########         Policy information    #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle         : 0xde000098
Policy name : MAC-TEST <-- ACL name is MAC-TEST
ID : 20 <-- CG ID for this ACL entry
Protocol              : [1] MAC
Feature : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL <-- ASIC Feature is PACL 
Number of ACLs        : 1

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number : 1
=====================================
Acl handle : 0xd60000dc
Acl flags : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 2 <-- 2 ACEs: one permit, and one implicit deny 
  Ace handle [1] : 0x38000120
  Ace handle [2] : 0x31000121

Interface(s):
 TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1 <-- Interface the ACL is applied 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0x030000c6
Policy handle         : 0xde000098
ID                    : 20
Protocol              : [1] MAC
Feature               : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL
Direction             : [1] Ingress
Number of ACLs        : 1
Number of VMRs        : 3------------


確認PACL工作正常：

• MACL僅允許源地址0001.aaaa.aaaa。
• 由於這是MAC ACL，因此會丟棄非IP ARP資料包，從而導致ping失敗。

### Ping originated from neighbor device with Source MAC 0000.0000.0002 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source vlan 10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

C9300#show ip arp
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr    Type    Interface
Internet  10.1.1.2                0   Incomplete       ARPA                <-- ARP is unable to complete on Source device

### Monitor capture configured on Tw 1/0/1 ingress ###
9500H#monitor capture 1 interface TwentyFiveGigE 1/0/1 in match any

9500H#show monitor cap
Status Information for Capture 1
  Target Type:
 Interface: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1, Direction: IN 


9500H#sh monitor capture 1 buffer brief | inc ARP
    5   4.767385 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
    8   8.767085 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
   11  10.767452 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
   13  12.768125 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
<-- 9300 (10.1.1.1) sends ARP request, but since there is no reply 4 more ARP requests are sent 


9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | inc MAC PACL Drop
Ingress MAC PACL Drop (0x73000021): 937 frames <-- Confirmed that ARP requests are dropped from Ingress MAC filter
Egress MAC PACL Drop                        (0x0200004c): 0 frames
<...snip...>

案例 3.RACL

RACL被分配給第3層介面，例如SVI或路由介面。

• 安全邊界：不同的子網
• 附件：第3層介面
• 方向：入口或出口
• 支援的ACL型別：IP ACL（標準或擴展）

配置RACL

9500H(config)#ip access-list extended TEST <-- Create a named extended ACL
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show access-lists TEST <-- Display the ACL configured 
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
    20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H(config)#interface Vlan 10 <-- Apply ACL to Layer 3 SVI interface 
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in

9500H#show running-config interface Vlan 10
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 84 bytes
!
interface Vlan10
 ip access-group TEST in <-- Display the ACL applied to the interface 
end

驗證RACL

擷取與介面相關的IF_ID。

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm mappings l3if-le <-- Retrieve the IF_ID for a Layer 3 SVI type port 
Mappings Table

L3IF_LE                   Interface                            IF_ID             Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0x00007f8d04983958        Vlan10                               0x00000026        SVI_L3_LE        <-- IF_ID value for SVI 10

驗證繫結到IF_ID的類組ID (CG ID)。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x26 <-- IF_ID for SVI Vlan 10 with leading zeros omitted 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######     Printing Interface Infos   #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10 <-- Confirms the interface matches the IF_ID
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x6e000047
    Interface Type: L3 <-- Type: L3 indicates Layer 3 type interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000026 <-- IF_ID 0x26 is correct 
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0x2e000095
        Policy Name: TEST <-- The named ACL bound to this interface 
            CG ID: 9 <-- Class Group ID for this entry 
       CGM Feature: [0] acl <-- Feature is ACL 
        Bind Order: 0

與CG ID關聯的ACL資訊。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-cgid 9 <-- The CG ID associated to the ACL TEST
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl/9): TEST type: IPv4        <-- feature ACL/CG ID 9: ACl name TEST : ACl type IPv4 
Total Ref count 2
---------------------------------
2 Interface <-- Interface count is 2. Applied to SVI 10 and as PACL to Tw1/0/1
---------------------------------
region reg_id: 10
  subregion subr_id: 0
    GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N            <-- #flds: 2 = two fields in entry | l4:N (no Layer 4 port match) 
      Result: 0x01010000
 ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff <-- src 0x0a010101 hex = 10.1.1.1 | mask 0xffffffff = exact host match
 ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000 <-- dst & mask = 0x00000000 = match any
    GCE#:1 #flds: 4 l4:Y matchall:N deny:N            <-- #flds: 4 = four fields in entry | l4:Y (ACE uses UDP port L4 match)
      Result: 0x01010000
 ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.1 
 ipv4_dst: value = 0x0a010102, mask = 0xffffffff <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.2
 ip_prot: start = 17, end = 17 <-- protocol 17 is UDP 
 l4_src: start = 1000, end = 1000 <-- matches eq 1000 (equal UDP port 1000)

有關CG ID以及哪些介面使用CG ID的策略資訊。

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 9 <-- Use the CG ID Value 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10 <-- Interface with ACL applied 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x6e000047
    Interface Type: L3
 if-id: 0x0000000000000026 <-- Interface IF_ID 0x26
------------
Direction: Input <-- ACL applied in the ingress direction 
Protocol Type:IPv4 <-- Type is IPv4 
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x1c0000c2
    Policy Handle: 0x2e000095


########################################################
#########                             ##################
########        Policy information     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle        : 0x2e000095
Policy name : TEST <-- ACL name TEST
ID : 9                                  <-- CG ID for this ACL entry 
Protocol             : [3] IPV4
Feature : [27] AAL_FEATURE_RACL <-- ASIC feature is RACL 
Number of ACLs       : 1

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number       : 1
=====================================
Acl handle         : 0x7c0000d4
Acl flags          : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 5 <-- 5 Aces: 2 explicit, 1 implicit deny, 2 ??? CHECK this 
  Ace handle [1] : 0x0600010f
  Ace handle [2] : 0x8e000110
  Ace handle [3] : 0x3b000111
  Ace handle [4] : 0xeb000112
  Ace handle [5] : 0x79000113

Interface(s):
 Vlan10 <-- The interface the ACL is applied 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle     : 0x1c0000c2
Policy handle          : 0x2e000095
ID                     : 9
Protocol               : [3] IPV4
Feature                : [27] AAL_FEATURE_RACL
Direction              : [1] Ingress
Number of ACLs         : 1
Number of VMRs         : 4------------

確認RACL工作正常。

注意：輸入show ip access-lists privileged EXEC命令時，顯示的匹配項計數不會計入在硬體中受訪問控制的資料包。使用show platform software fed switch{switch_num|active|standby}acl countershardwareprivileged EXEC命令獲取交換和路由資料包的一些基本硬體ACL統計資訊。


### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.1 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1                        <--- Ping source is permitted and ping is successful 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms <-- 100% ping success 


### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.3 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.3                        <-- Ping source is denied (implicit) and ping fails 
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)                                      <-- 0% ping success 


### Confirm RACL drop ###
9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any                                   <-- Counters in this command do not show matches
    20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | i RACL Drop
Ingress IPv4 RACL Drop              (0xed000007):         100 frames  <-- Hardware level command displays drops against RACL 
<...snip...>

ip access-list extended TEST
 10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
 20 permit ip any host 10.1.1.1

ip access-list extended ELSE
 10 permit ip any any

vlan access-map VACL 10
 match ip address TEST
 action forward
vlan access-map VACL 20
 match ip address ELSE
 action drop

vlan filter VACL vlan-list 10


9500H#sh vlan access-map VACL
Vlan access-map "VACL" 10
  Match clauses:
    ip address: TEST
  Action:
    forward
Vlan access-map "VACL" 20
  Match clauses:
    ip address: ELSE
  Action:
    drop

9500H#sh vlan filter access-map VACL
VLAN Map VACL is filtering VLANs:
10

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm interfaces vlan
Interface                         IF_ID               State
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Vlan10                            0x00420010          READY

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x420010  <-- IF_ID for the Vlan 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######   Printing Interface Infos     #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10                                               <-- Can be L2 only, with no vlan interface 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7fc8cc7c7f48
    Interface handle: 0xf1000024
    Interface Type: Vlan
    if-id: 0x0000000000420010
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0xd10000a3                       <-- VACL has both Ingress and Egress actions 
        Policy Name: VACL                                       <-- Name of the VACL used 
             CG ID: 530                                         <-- Class Group ID for entry 
       CGM Feature: [35] acl-grp                                <-- Feature is ACL group, versus ACl
        Bind Order: 0

    Output IPv4: Policy Handle: 0xc80000a4                      <-- VACL has both Ingress and Egress actions
         Policy Name: VACL
              CG ID: 530
         CGM Feature: [35] acl-grp
    Bind Order: 0

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-grp-cgid 530  <-- use the group-id command versus gc ID
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########    Printing CG Entries        #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl-grp/530): VACL type: IPv4                              <-- feature acl/group ID 530: name VACL : type IPv4
Total Ref count 2
---------------------------------
2 VACL                                                             <-- Ingress and egress ACL direction on a VACl 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 12
    subregion subr_id: 0
      GCE#:10 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x06000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff           <-- permit from host 10.1.1.1 (see PACL example for hex conversion)
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- to any other host
      GCE#:20 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x06000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- permit from any host 
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff           <-- to host 10.1.1.1
      GCE#:10 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x05000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- This is the ACL named 'ELSE' which is permit any any
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- with VACL, the logic used was "permit to match" action "drop"

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 530     <-- use the acl-grp ID 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7fa15802a5d8
    Interface handle: 0xf1000024
    Interface Type: Vlan                                   <-- Interface type is the Vlan, not a specific interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000420010                              <-- the Vlan IF_ID matches Vlan 10
------------
Direction: Input                                           <-- VACL in the input direction
Protocol Type:IPv4
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x44000001
    Policy Handle: 0x29000090

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########       Policy information      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle       : 0x29000090
Policy name         : VACL                                 <-- the VACL policy is named 'VACL'
ID                  : 530
Protocol            : [3] IPV4
Feature             : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL                <-- ASIC feature is VACL 
Number of ACLs      : 2                                    <-- 2 ACL used in the VACL: "TEST & ELSE"

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number : 1
=====================================
Acl handle : 0xa6000090
Acl flags : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 4
  Ace handle [1] : 0x87000107
  Ace handle [2] : 0x30000108
  Ace handle [3] : 0x73000109
  Ace handle [4] : 0xb700010a

Acl number : 2
=====================================
Acl handle : 0x0f000091
Acl flags : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 1
  Ace handle [1] : 0x5800010b

Interface(s):
        Vlan10
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0x44000001
Policy handle         : 0x29000090
ID                    : 530                                <-- 530 is the acl group ID
Protocol              : [3] IPV4
Feature               : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL
Direction             : [1] Ingress                        <-- Ingress VACL direction 
Number of ACLs        : 2
Number of VMRs        : 4------------
Direction:  Output
Protocol Type:IPv4
    Policy Intface Handle: 0xac000002
    Policy Handle: 0x31000091

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########        Policy information     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle        : 0x31000091
Policy name          : VACL
ID                   : 530
Protocol             : [3] IPV4
Feature              : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL
Number of ACLs       : 2

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number    : 1
=====================================
Acl handle      : 0xe0000092
Acl flags       : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs  : 4
  Ace handle [1] : 0xf500010c
  Ace handle [2] : 0xd800010d
  Ace handle [3] : 0x4c00010e
  Ace handle [4] : 0x0600010f

Acl number    : 2
=====================================
Acl handle      : 0x14000093
Acl flags       : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 1
  Ace handle [1] : 0x8e000110

Interface(s):
        Vlan10
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0xac000002
Policy handle         : 0x31000091
ID                    : 530                               <-- 530 is the acl group ID
Protocol              : [3] IPV4
Feature               : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL
Direction             : [2] Egress                        <-- Egress VACL direction 
Number of ACLs        : 2
Number of VMRs        : 4------------

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | inc VACL Drop
Ingress IPv4 VACL Drop              (0x23000006):         1011 frames      <-- Hardware level command displays drops against VACL 
<...snip...>

Cat9400#show run interface gigabitEthernet 2/0/1 
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 419 bytes
!
interface GigabitEthernet2/0/1
 switchport access vlan 10
 switchport mode access
 switchport voice vlan 5
 ip access-group ACL-ALLOW in                     <-- This is the pre-authenticated ACL (deny ip any any). Validation is done for the post-auth ACL
 authentication periodic
 authentication timer reauthenticate server
 access-session control-direction in
 access-session port-control auto
 no snmp trap link-status
 mab
 dot1x pae authenticator
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy type control subscriber ISE_Gi2/0/1
end

Cat9400#show access-session interface gigabitEthernet 2/0/1 details 
            Interface:  GigabitEthernet2/0/1
               IIF-ID:  0x1765EB2C                <-- The IF_ID used in this example is dynamic 
          MAC Address:  000a.aaaa.aaaa            <-- The client MAC
         IPv6 Address:  Unknown
         IPv4 Address:  10.10.10.10
            User-Name:  00-0A-AA-AA-AA-AA
               Status:  Authorized                <-- Authorized client
               Domain:  VOICE
       Oper host mode:  multi-auth
     Oper control dir:  in
      Session timeout:  300s (server), Remaining: 182s
       Timeout action:  Reauthenticate
    Common Session ID:  27B17A0A000003F499620261
      Acct Session ID:  0x000003e7
               Handle:  0x590003ea
       Current Policy:  ISE_Gi2/0/1


Server Policies:
              ACS ACL:  xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e  <-- The ACL pushed from ISE server 


Method status list:
       Method           State
        dot1x           Stopped
          mab           Authc Success                                      <-- Authenticated via MAB (Mac authentication bypass)

Cat9400#show ip access-lists xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e
Extended IP access list xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-GOOD-59fb6e5e
    1 permit ip any any                                                   <-- ISE pushed a permit ip any any 

Cat9400#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x1765EB2C                 <-- The IF_ID from the access-session output
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######    Printing Interface Infos    #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Client MAC 000a.aaaa.aaaa                                              <-- Client MAC matches the access-session output
MAC 000a.aaaa.aaaa
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f104820cae8
    Interface handle: 0x5a000110
    Interface Type: Group                                                          <-- This is a group identity type policy 
    IIF ID: 0x1765eb2c                                             
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0x9d00011e
        Policy Name: ACL-ALLOW:xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e: <-- DACL name matches 
             CG ID: 127760                                                         <-- The ACL group ID                     
       CGM Feature: [35] acl-grp 
        Bind Order: 0

Cat9400#show platform software fed active acl info acl-grp-cgid 127760                            <-- the CG ID for this DACL 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl-grp/127760): ACL-ALLOW:xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e: type: IPv4  <-- Group ID & ACL name are correct 
Total Ref count 1
---------------------------------
1 CGACL                                                                                            <-- 1  GACL (group ACL) is applied 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 1
    subregion subr_id: 0
      GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x04000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000                                           <-- Permits IP any any as seen in software 
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000
      GCE#:10 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x04000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000

9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log             <-- Log keyword applied to ACE entry 
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log 

9500H(config)#interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in           <-- apply logged ACL 
Switch Port ACLs are not supported for LOG!        <-- message indicates this is an unsupported combination 

9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log            <-- Log keyword applied to ACE entry 
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log 

9500H(config)#interface vlan 10
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in          <-- ACL applied to SVI

### Orginate ICMP from 10.1.1.3 to 10.1.1.2 (denied by ACE) ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source vlan 10 repeat 110
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 10, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.3
..........
Success rate is 0 percent (0/110)

9500H#show access-list TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log (110 matches)  <-- Matches increment in show access-list command 

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | inc RACL
Ingress IPv4 RACL Drop          (0xed000007):            0 frames
Ingress IPv4 RACL Drop and Log  (0x93000009):          110 frames   <-- Aggregate command shows hits on the RACL Drop and Log 

%SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGDP: list TEST denied icmp 10.1.1.3 -> 10.1.1.2 (8/0), 10 packets  <-- Syslog message is produced 

C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source vlan 10 repeat 5          <-- 5 ICMP Requests are sent 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log (10 matches)  <-- Hit counter shows 10 
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log (115 matches)

clear platform software fed active acl counters hardware (clears the hardware matched counters)
clear ip access-list counters <acl_name> (clears the software matched counters - IPv4)
clear ipv6 access-list counters <acl_name> (clears the software matched counters - IPv6)

9500H#show platform software access-list f0 summary
Access-list                          Index        Num Ref        Num ACEs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TEST                                 1            1              2        <-- ACL TEST contains 2 ACE entries 
ELSE                                 2            1              1
DENY                                 3            0              1

9500H#show platform software fed active acl usage
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######      Printing Usage Infos      #################
########                              ##################
########################################################
##### ACE Software VMR max:196608 used:283 <-- Value/Mask/Result entry usage 
########################################################
==================================================================================================
Feature Type           ACL Type        Dir              Name                    Entries Used
VACL                   IPV4            Ingress          VACL                    4
<-- Type of ACL Feature, type of ACL, Direction ACL applied, name of ACL, and number of TCAM entries consumed 
==================================================================================================
Feature Type           ACL Type        Dir             Name                     Entries Used
RACL                   IPV4            Ingress         TEST                     5

9500H#show platform hardware fed active fwd-asic resource tcam utilization
Codes: EM - Exact_Match, I - Input, O - Output, IO - Input & Output, NA - Not Applicable

CAM Utilization for ASIC [0]
 Table                   Subtype     Dir      Max     Used    %Used       V4       V6    MPLS   Other
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Security ACL Ipv4       TCAM        I        7168       16    0.22%      16        0       0        0
 Security ACL Non Ipv4   TCAM        I        5120       76    1.48%        0       36       0       40
 Security ACL Ipv4       TCAM       O        7168       18    0.25%       18        0       0        0
 Security ACL Non Ipv4   TCAM        O        8192       27    0.33%        0       22       0        5
<...snip...>

<-- Percentage used and other counters about ACL consumption 
<-- Dir = ACL direction (Input/Output ACl)

C9300#show platform hardware fed switch active fwd-asic resource tcam utilization
CAM Utilization for ASIC [0]
 Table                                               Max Values      Used Values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Security Access Control Entries                       5120          126 <-- Total used of the Maximum 
<...snip...>

9500H#show sdm prefer
Showing SDM Template Info

This is the Core template.                                                                   <-- Core SDM template in use 
  Security Ingress IPv4 Access Control Entries*:         7168  (current) - 7168  (proposed)  <-- IPv4 ACL maximum TCAM available
  Security Ingress Non-IPv4 Access Control Entries*:     5120  (current) - 5120  (proposed)
  Security Egress IPv4 Access Control Entries*:          7168  (current) - 7168  (proposed)
  Security Egress Non-IPv4 Access Control Entries*:      8192  (current) - 8192  (proposed)
  <...snip...>

9500H#show sdm prefer custom user-input
Custom Template Feature Values are not modified                                              <-- No customization to SDM