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本文件說明配備執行 NX-OS 軟體 Cisco Scale ASIC 的 Cisco Nexus 9000 系列交換器的佇列和緩衝。
Cisco建議您瞭解共用介質網路上的乙太網交換的基礎知識,以及這些網路中排隊/緩衝的必要性。思科還建議您瞭解Cisco Nexus交換機上的服務品質(QoS)和緩衝的基礎知識。如需詳細資訊,請參閱以下說明檔案:
本文檔中的資訊基於運行NX-OS軟體版本9.3(8)的雲規模ASIC的Cisco Nexus 9000系列交換機。
本檔案所涵蓋的程式僅適用於此處顯示的硬體。
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除(預設)的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中,請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
本文檔介紹配備運行NX-OS軟體的Cisco Cloud Scale ASIC(專用積體電路)的Cisco Nexus 9000系列交換機上的排隊和緩衝機制。本文檔還介紹了此平台上的埠超訂用的症狀,如指示已超出緩衝區閾值的非零輸出丟棄介面計數器和系統日誌。
採用Cisco Cloud Scale ASIC的Cisco Nexus 9000系列交換機實施「共用記憶體」出口緩衝區架構。ASIC分為一個或多個「切片」。每個磁碟片段都有自己的緩衝區,而且只有該磁碟片段內的連線埠才能使用該緩衝區。在物理上,每個切片都劃分為「單元格」,表示緩衝區的部分。磁碟片段會分割為「集區群組」。為每個pool-group分配一定數量的信元,且這些信元不會在單獨的pool-group之間共用。每個集區群組都有一個或多個「集區」,代表單點傳播或多點傳播流量的服務類別(CoS)。這有助於每個池組保證池組所服務的流量型別的緩衝區資源。
此處的影象直觀地演示了各種思科雲規模ASIC模型如何分為多個切片。此影像也會示範如何透過儲存格為每個分割區配置一定量的緩衝區。
每個型號的Nexus 9000系列交換機和Nexus 9500線卡內部都有不同數量的Cisco Cloud Scale ASIC,以及不同的佈局,這些佈局規定哪些前面板埠連線到哪個ASIC。以下圖例顯示了使用N9K-X9736C-FX線卡和N9K-C9336C-FX2交換機的兩個示例。
N9K-C9736C-FX線卡具有4個思科雲規模LS1800FX ASIC,每個ASIC一個扇區。在內部,每個ASIC都稱為「單元」。每個磁碟片段都稱為「實體」,並且會指派一個從零開始的整數,以唯一辨識機箱內的該磁碟片段。這會產生如下所示的置換:
N9K-C9336C-FX2交換機具有一個Cisco Cloud Scale LS3600FX2 ASIC,每個ASIC有兩個切片。在內部,每個ASIC都稱為「單元」。每個磁碟片段都稱為「實體」,並且會指派一個從零開始的整數,以唯一辨識機箱內的該磁碟片段。這會產生如下所示的置換:
每個線卡和交換機都有不同的佈局,因此產生的例項編號也不同。要圍繞頻寬密集型流量設計網路,您需要瞭解要使用的交換機或線卡佈局。show interface hardware-mappings命令可用於將每個前面板埠與一個裝置(ASIC)和扇區號相關聯。這裡顯示了一個示例,其中具有插在機箱插槽2中的N9K-X9736C-FX線卡的Nexus 9504交換機的介面Ethernet2/16對映到單元1,片0。
switch# show interface hardware-mappings Legends: SMod - Source Mod. 0 is N/A Unit - Unit on which port resides. N/A for port channels HPort - Hardware Port Number or Hardware Trunk Id: HName - Hardware port name. None means N/A FPort - Fabric facing port number. 255 means N/A NPort - Front panel port number VPort - Virtual Port Number. -1 means N/A Slice - Slice Number. N/A for BCM systems SPort - Port Number wrt Slice. N/A for BCM systems SrcId - Source Id Number. N/A for BCM systems MacIdx - Mac index. N/A for BCM systems MacSubPort - Mac sub port. N/A for BCM systems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name Ifindex Smod Unit HPort FPort NPort VPort Slice SPort SrcId MacId MacSP VIF Block BlkSrcID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eth2/1 1a080000 5 0 16 255 0 -1 0 16 32 4 0 145 0 32 Eth2/2 1a080200 5 0 12 255 4 -1 0 12 24 3 0 149 0 24 Eth2/3 1a080400 5 0 8 255 8 -1 0 8 16 2 0 153 0 16 Eth2/4 1a080600 5 0 4 255 12 -1 0 4 8 1 0 157 0 8 Eth2/5 1a080800 5 0 0 255 16 -1 0 0 0 0 0 161 0 0 Eth2/6 1a080a00 5 0 56 255 20 -1 0 56 112 14 0 165 1 40 Eth2/7 1a080c00 5 0 52 255 24 -1 0 52 104 13 0 169 1 32 Eth2/8 1a080e00 6 1 16 255 28 -1 0 16 32 4 0 173 0 32 Eth2/9 1a081000 6 1 12 255 32 -1 0 12 24 3 0 177 0 24 Eth2/10 1a081200 6 1 8 255 36 -1 0 8 16 2 0 181 0 16 Eth2/11 1a081400 6 1 4 255 40 -1 0 4 8 1 0 185 0 8 Eth2/12 1a081600 6 1 0 255 44 -1 0 0 0 0 0 189 0 0 Eth2/13 1a081800 6 1 56 255 48 -1 0 56 112 14 0 193 1 40 Eth2/14 1a081a00 6 1 52 255 52 -1 0 52 104 13 0 197 1 32 Eth2/15 1a081c00 7 2 16 255 56 -1 0 16 32 4 0 201 0 32 Eth2/16 1a081e00 7 2 12 255 60 -1 0 12 24 3 0 205 0 24 Eth2/17 1a082000 7 2 8 255 64 -1 0 8 16 2 0 209 0 16 Eth2/18 1a082200 7 2 4 255 68 -1 0 4 8 1 0 213 0 8 Eth2/19 1a082400 7 2 0 255 72 -1 0 0 0 0 0 217 0 0 Eth2/20 1a082600 7 2 56 255 76 -1 0 56 112 14 0 221 1 40 Eth2/21 1a082800 7 2 52 255 80 -1 0 52 104 13 0 225 1 32 Eth2/22 1a082a00 8 3 16 255 84 -1 0 16 32 4 0 229 0 32 Eth2/23 1a082c00 8 3 12 255 88 -1 0 12 24 3 0 233 0 24 Eth2/24 1a082e00 8 3 8 255 92 -1 0 8 16 2 0 237 0 16 Eth2/25 1a083000 8 3 4 255 96 -1 0 4 8 1 0 241 0 8 Eth2/26 1a083200 8 3 0 255 100 -1 0 0 0 0 0 245 0 0 Eth2/27 1a083400 8 3 56 255 104 -1 0 56 112 14 0 249 1 40 Eth2/28 1a083600 8 3 52 255 108 -1 0 52 104 13 0 253 1 32 Eth2/29 1a083800 5 0 48 255 112 -1 0 48 96 12 0 257 1 24 Eth2/30 1a083a00 5 0 44 255 116 -1 0 44 88 11 0 261 1 16 Eth2/31 1a083c00 6 1 48 255 120 -1 0 48 96 12 0 265 1 24 Eth2/32 1a083e00 6 1 44 255 124 -1 0 44 88 11 0 269 1 16 Eth2/33 1a084000 7 2 48 255 128 -1 0 48 96 12 0 273 1 24 Eth2/34 1a084200 7 2 44 255 132 -1 0 44 88 11 0 277 1 16 Eth2/35 1a084400 8 3 48 255 136 -1 0 48 96 12 0 281 1 24 Eth2/36 1a084600 8 3 44 255 140 -1 0 44 88 11 0 285 1 16
在解釋syslog時,例項ID是根據連續單元和切片組合順序計算的。 例如,如果Nexus 9500模組或Nexus 9300 TOR(機架頂端)有兩個單元(ASIC)和每個單元兩個切片,例項ID可以如下所示:
如果模組具有一個單元及四個切片,則例項ID可以是:
連線到乙太網絡的介面一次只能傳輸一個資料包。當兩個封包需要同時輸出一個乙太網路介面時,乙太網路介面會傳輸一個封包,同時緩衝另一個封包。一旦傳送第一分組,乙太網介面就從緩衝區傳送第二分組。當需要導出的總流量時,介面會超出介面頻寬,該介面會被認為是超訂用。例如,如果總共有15Gbps的流量即時進入交換機並需要輸出10Gbps介面,則10Gbps介面會超訂用,因為它無法一次傳輸15Gbps的流量。
具有雲規模ASIC的Cisco Nexus 9000系列交換機透過與出口介面相關聯的ASIC分片的緩衝區內緩沖流量,來處理此資源爭用。如果在一段較長的時間內,需要輸出介面的總流量超過介面頻寬,則ASIC分片的緩衝區將開始填充需要輸出介面的資料包。
當ASIC分片的緩衝區達到90%的利用率時,交換機將生成類似於下面所示的系統日誌:
%TAHUSD-SLOT2-4-BUFFER_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED: Module 2 Instance 0 Pool-group buffer 90 percent threshold is exceeded!
當ASIC分片的緩衝區完全滿時,交換機將丟棄需要從介面出站的所有額外流量,直到緩衝區中的空間變為可用。交換器捨棄此流量時,會增加輸出介面上的Output Discards計數器。
生成的syslog和非零輸出丟棄計數器都是超訂用介面的症狀。每個症狀都會在下面的小節中更詳細地探討。
下面顯示了BUFFER_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED系統日誌的示例。
%TAHUSD-SLOTX-4-BUFFER_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED: Module X Instance Y Pool-group buffer Z percent threshold is exceeded!
此系統日誌包含三個關鍵資訊:
Output Discards介面計數器指示由於ASIC片緩衝區已滿並且無法接受新資料包而必須已從介面出站但無法被丟棄的資料包的數量。Output Discards計數器可以在show interface和show interface counters errors的輸出中看到,如下所示。
switch# show interface Ethernet1/1 Ethernet1/1 is up admin state is up, Dedicated Interface Hardware: 1000/10000/25000/40000/50000/100000 Ethernet, address: 7cad.4f6d.f6d8 (bia 7cad.4f6d.f6d8) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 40000000 Kbit , DLY 10 usec reliability 255/255, txload 232/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, medium is broadcast Port mode is trunk full-duplex, 40 Gb/s, media type is 40G Beacon is turned off Auto-Negotiation is turned on FEC mode is Auto Input flow-control is off, output flow-control is off Auto-mdix is turned off Rate mode is dedicated Switchport monitor is off EtherType is 0x8100 EEE (efficient-ethernet) : n/a admin fec state is auto, oper fec state is off Last link flapped 03:16:50 Last clearing of "show interface" counters never 3 interface resets Load-Interval #1: 30 seconds 30 seconds input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 30 seconds output rate 36503585488 bits/sec, 3033870 packets/sec input rate 0 bps, 0 pps; output rate 36.50 Gbps, 3.03 Mpps Load-Interval #2: 5 minute (300 seconds) 300 seconds input rate 32 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 300 seconds output rate 39094683384 bits/sec, 3249159 packets/sec input rate 32 bps, 0 pps; output rate 39.09 Gbps, 3.25 Mpps RX 0 unicast packets 208 multicast packets 9 broadcast packets 217 input packets 50912 bytes 0 jumbo packets 0 storm suppression bytes 0 runts 0 giants 0 CRC 0 no buffer 0 input error 0 short frame 0 overrun 0 underrun 0 ignored 0 watchdog 0 bad etype drop 0 bad proto drop 0 if down drop 0 input with dribble 0 input discard 0 Rx pause TX 38298127762 unicast packets 6118 multicast packets 0 broadcast packets 38298133880 output packets 57600384931480 bytes 0 jumbo packets 0 output error 0 collision 0 deferred 0 late collision 0 lost carrier 0 no carrier 0 babble 57443534227 output discard <<< Output discards due to oversubcription 0 Tx pause switch# show interface Ethernet1/1 counters errors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Port Align-Err FCS-Err Xmit-Err Rcv-Err UnderSize OutDiscards -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eth1/1 0 0 0 0 0 57443534227 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Port Single-Col Multi-Col Late-Col Exces-Col Carri-Sen Runts -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eth1/1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Port Giants SQETest-Err Deferred-Tx IntMacTx-Er IntMacRx-Er Symbol-Err -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eth1/1 0 -- 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Port InDiscards -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eth1/1 0
假設兩個IXIA流量發生器之間的流量透過機箱插槽1和2中插入的兩個N9K-X9736C-FX線卡的Nexus 9504交換機。100Gbps的流量透過100Gbps介面Ethernet1/1進入交換機,需要輸出40Gbps介面Ethernet2/2。因此,Ethernet2/2為超額使用。此案例的拓撲如下所示。
由於Nexus 9000雲擴展ASIC使用共用記憶體出口緩衝區架構,您必須檢查出口介面Ethernet2/2的緩衝區以檢視擁塞。在本示例中,插槽2中插入的板卡是輸出板卡,因此您在使用show hardware internal tah buffer counters命令檢視內部硬體緩衝區之前,必須使用attach module 2命令。注意Unit 0、Slice 0 pool-group和關聯池的非零「佔用丟棄」計數器,它指示由於池組緩衝區已完全佔用而丟棄的資料包數。
switch# attach module 2
module-2# show hardware internal tah buffer counters Unit: 0 Slice: 0 ==================== |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output Pool-Group drops | | Drop-PG No-drop CPU--PG LCPU-PG RCPU-PG SPAN-PG | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Occupancy drops 51152554987 0 0 0 0 0 | AQM drops 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output UC Pool counters | | Pool 0 Pool 1 Pool 2 Pool 3 Pool 4 Pool 5 Pool 6 Pool 7 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Dynamic Threshold (cells) 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 | Occupancy drops 51152555398 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | AQM drops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output MC Pool counters | | Pool 0 Pool 1 Pool 2 Pool 3 Pool 4 Pool 5 Pool 6 Pool 7 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Dynamic Threshold (cells) 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 | Dynamic Threshold (desc) 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 | Dynamic Threshold (inq thr) 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 | Occupancy drops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------+| | Additional counters | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------+| MEM cell drop reason : 0 MEM descriptor drop reason : 0 OPG cell drop reason : 0 OPG descriptor drop reason : 0 OPG CPU cell drop reason : 0 OPG CPU descriptor drop reason : 0 OPG SPAN cell drop reason : 0 OPG SPAN descriptor drop reason : 0 OPOOL cell drop reason : 0 OPOOL descriptor drop reason : 0 UC OQUEUE cell drop reason : 51152556479 MC OQUEUE cell drop reason : 27573307 OQUEUE descriptor drop reason : 0 MC OPOOL cell drop reason : 0 FWD DROP : 15 SOD : 0 BMM BP : 0 No Drop : 0 Packets received : 87480806439 TRUNC MTU : 0 TRUNK BMM BP : 0 VOQFC messages sent : 0 SOD messages sent : 0 SPAN desciptor drop : 0 Unit: 1 Slice: 0 ==================== |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output Pool-Group drops | | Drop-PG No-drop CPU--PG LCPU-PG RCPU-PG SPAN-PG | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Occupancy drops 0 0 0 0 0 0 | AQM drops 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output UC Pool counters | | Pool 0 Pool 1 Pool 2 Pool 3 Pool 4 Pool 5 Pool 6 Pool 7 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Dynamic Threshold (cells) 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 | Occupancy drops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | AQM drops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output MC Pool counters | | Pool 0 Pool 1 Pool 2 Pool 3 Pool 4 Pool 5 Pool 6 Pool 7 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Dynamic Threshold (cells) 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 | Dynamic Threshold (desc) 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 93554 | Dynamic Threshold (inq thr) 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 64035 | Occupancy drops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------+| | Additional counters | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------+| MEM cell drop reason : 0 MEM descriptor drop reason : 0 OPG cell drop reason : 0 OPG descriptor drop reason : 0 OPG CPU cell drop reason : 0 OPG CPU descriptor drop reason : 0 OPG SPAN cell drop reason : 0 OPG SPAN descriptor drop reason : 0 OPOOL cell drop reason : 0 OPOOL descriptor drop reason : 0 UC OQUEUE cell drop reason : 0 MC OQUEUE cell drop reason : 0 OQUEUE descriptor drop reason : 0 MC OPOOL cell drop reason : 0 FWD DROP : 8 SOD : 0 BMM BP : 0 No Drop : 0 Packets received : 45981341 TRUNC MTU : 0 TRUNK BMM BP : 0 VOQFC messages sent : 0 SOD messages sent : 0 SPAN desciptor drop : 0
每個ASIC單元/片元組都透過稱為「例項」的唯一標識表示。show hardware internal buffer info pkt-stats命令的輸出顯示有關每個例項的擁塞池組(縮寫為「PG」)的詳細資訊。此命令還顯示緩衝區中已使用單元格的歷史峰值/最大數量。最後,該命令顯示帶有緩沖流量的埠的雲擴展ASIC埠識別符號的即時快照。此指令的範例如下所示。
switch# attach module 2
module-2# show hardware internal buffer info pkt-stats Instance 0 ============ |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output Pool-Group Buffer Utilization (cells/desc) | | Drop-PG No-drop CPU--PG LCPU-PG RCPU-PG SPAN-PG | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Total Instant Usage (cells) 59992 0 0 0 0 0 | Remaining Instant Usage (cells) 33562 0 1500 250 1500 1500 | Peak/Max Cells Used 90415 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A | Switch Cells Count 93554 0 1500 250 1500 1500 | Total Instant Usage (desc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 | Remaining Instant Usage (desc) 93554 0 1500 250 1500 1500 | Switch Desc Count 93554 0 1500 250 1500 1500 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output UC Pool Buffer Utilization (cells/desc) | | Pool 0 Pool 1 Pool 2 Pool 3 Pool 4 Pool 5 Pool 6 Pool 7 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Total Instant Usage (cells) 60027 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | Total Instant Usage (desc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | Peak/Max Cells Used 62047 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Output MC Pool Buffer Utilization (cells/desc) | | Pool 0 Pool 1 Pool 2 Pool 3 Pool 4 Pool 5 Pool 6 Pool 7 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Total Instant Usage (cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | Total Instant Usage (desc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | Total Instant Usage (inq cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | Total Instant Usage (packets) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | Peak/Max Cells Used 60399 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Instant Buffer utilization per queue per port | | Each line displays the number of cells/desc utilized for a given | | port for each QoS queue | | One cell represents approximately 416 bytes | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------+| |ASIC Port Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------+| [12] <<< ASIC Port 12 in Unit 0 Instance 0 is likely the congested egress interface UC-> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59988 | MC cells-> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | MC desc-> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
另請參閱命令的峰值變化。使用此命令將系統日誌與特定池組、池或埠中的潛在峰值相關聯。
switch# show hardware internal buffer info pkt-stats peak slot 1 ======= Instance 0 ============ |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+| | Pool-Group Peak counters | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+| Drop PG : 0 No-drop PG : 0 |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+| | Pool Peak counters | |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+| MC Pool 0 : 0 MC Pool 1 : 0 MC Pool 2 : 0 MC Pool 3 : 0 MC Pool 4 : 0 MC Pool 5 : 0 MC Pool 6 : 0 MC Pool 7 : 0 UC Pool 0 : 0 UC Pool 1 : 0 UC Pool 2 : 0 UC Pool 3 : 0 UC Pool 4 : 0 UC Pool 5 : 0 UC Pool 6 : 0 UC Pool 7 : 0 |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+| | Port Peak counters | | classes mapped to count_0: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | classes mapped to count_1: None |--------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+| [0] <<< ASIC Port. This can be checked via "show hardware interface-mappings" count_0 : 0 count_1 : 0 [1] count_0 : 0 count_1 : 0
show interface hardware-mappings命令可用於將Cloud Scale ASIC埠識別符號轉換為前面板埠。在上述示例中,與切片/例項0上的ASIC單元0相關聯的ASIC埠12(在show interface hardware-mappings的輸出中由SPort列表示)具有59,988個各自佔用416位元組的信元。以下是show interface hardware-mappings命令的示例,它將此介面對映到前面板埠Ethernet2/2。
switch# show interface hardware-mappings Legends: SMod - Source Mod. 0 is N/A Unit - Unit on which port resides. N/A for port channels HPort - Hardware Port Number or Hardware Trunk Id: HName - Hardware port name. None means N/A FPort - Fabric facing port number. 255 means N/A NPort - Front panel port number VPort - Virtual Port Number. -1 means N/A Slice - Slice Number. N/A for BCM systems SPort - Port Number wrt Slice. N/A for BCM systems SrcId - Source Id Number. N/A for BCM systems MacIdx - Mac index. N/A for BCM systems MacSubPort - Mac sub port. N/A for BCM systems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name Ifindex Smod Unit HPortFPort NPort VPort Slice SPort SrcId MacId MacSP VIF Block BlkSrcID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eth2/2 1a080200 5 0 12 255 4 -1 0 12 24 3 0 149 0 24
我們可以使用show queuing interface命令進一步將介面Ethernet2/2的超訂用與QoS排隊丟棄關聯。此步驟的範例如下所示。
switch# show queuing interface Ethernet2/2 Egress Queuing for Ethernet2/2 [System] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ QoS-Group# Bandwidth% PrioLevel Shape QLimit Min Max Units ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 - 1 - - - 9(D) 6 0 - - - - 9(D) 5 0 - - - - 9(D) 4 0 - - - - 9(D) 3 0 - - - - 9(D) 2 0 - - - - 9(D) 1 0 - - - - 9(D) 0 100 - - - - 9(D) +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 0 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 35593332351| 18407162| | Tx Byts | 53532371857088| 27684371648| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 53390604466| 27573307| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 80299469116864| 110293228| | Q Depth Byts | 24961664| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 53390604466| 27573307| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 1 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| | Q Depth Byts | 0| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 2 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| | Q Depth Byts | 0| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 3 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| | Q Depth Byts | 0| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 4 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| | Q Depth Byts | 0| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 5 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| | Q Depth Byts | 0| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 6 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| | Q Depth Byts | 0| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | QOS GROUP 7 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | WRED/AFD & Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| | Q Depth Byts | 0| 0| | WD & Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | CONTROL QOS GROUP | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 5704| 0| | Tx Byts | 725030| 0| | Tail Drop Pkts | 0| 0| | Tail Drop Byts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | SPAN QOS GROUP | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Unicast |Multicast | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tx Pkts | 0| 0| | Tx Byts | 0| 0| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ Per Slice Egress SPAN Statistics --------------------------------------------------------------- SPAN Copies Tail Drop Pkts 0 SPAN Input Queue Drop Pkts 0 SPAN Copies/Transit Tail Drop Pkts 0 SPAN Input Desc Drop Pkts 0
最後,您可以使用show interface命令驗證輸出介面Ethernet2/2是否具有非零輸出丟棄計數器。此步驟的範例如下所示。
switch# show interface Ethernet2/2 Ethernet2/2 is up admin state is up, Dedicated Interface Hardware: 1000/10000/25000/40000/50000/100000 Ethernet, address: 7cad.4f6d.f6d8 (bia 7cad.4f6d.f6d8) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 40000000 Kbit , DLY 10 usec reliability 255/255, txload 232/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, medium is broadcast Port mode is trunk full-duplex, 40 Gb/s, media type is 40G Beacon is turned off Auto-Negotiation is turned on FEC mode is Auto Input flow-control is off, output flow-control is off Auto-mdix is turned off Rate mode is dedicated Switchport monitor is off EtherType is 0x8100 EEE (efficient-ethernet) : n/a admin fec state is auto, oper fec state is off Last link flapped 03:16:50 Last clearing of "show interface" counters never 3 interface resets Load-Interval #1: 30 seconds 30 seconds input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 30 seconds output rate 36503585488 bits/sec, 3033870 packets/sec input rate 0 bps, 0 pps; output rate 36.50 Gbps, 3.03 Mpps Load-Interval #2: 5 minute (300 seconds) 300 seconds input rate 32 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 300 seconds output rate 39094683384 bits/sec, 3249159 packets/sec input rate 32 bps, 0 pps; output rate 39.09 Gbps, 3.25 Mpps RX 0 unicast packets 208 multicast packets 9 broadcast packets 217 input packets 50912 bytes 0 jumbo packets 0 storm suppression bytes 0 runts 0 giants 0 CRC 0 no buffer 0 input error 0 short frame 0 overrun 0 underrun 0 ignored 0 watchdog 0 bad etype drop 0 bad proto drop 0 if down drop 0 input with dribble 0 input discard 0 Rx pause TX 38298127762 unicast packets 6118 multicast packets 0 broadcast packets 38298133880 output packets 57600384931480 bytes 0 jumbo packets 0 output error 0 collision 0 deferred 0 late collision 0 lost carrier 0 no carrier 0 babble 57443534227 output discard <<< Output discards due to oversubcription 0 Tx pause
如果您在採用雲規模ASIC的Nexus 9000系列交換機上觀察到輸出丟棄,可以使用以下一種或多種方法解決該問題:
本文此節包含當您遇到BUFFER_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED系統日誌、網路擁塞/超訂用情況以及增量輸出丟棄介面計數器時採取的後續步驟的其他資訊。
您可以修改系統緩衝區狀態輪詢間隔,它控制系統輪詢當前ASIC片緩衝區利用率的頻率。這時就要用到hardware profile buffer info poll-interval全局配置命令。預設組態值為5,000毫秒。此配置可以全局修改或按模組修改。此組態指令的範例顯示在這裡,其中它被修改成值1,000毫秒。
switch# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. switch(config)# hardware profile buffer info poll-interval timer 1000 switch(config)# end switch# show running-config | include hardware.profile.buffer hardware profile buffer info poll-interval timer 1000 switch#
您可以修改埠出口緩衝區使用閾值,該值控制系統何時生成BUFFER_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED系統日誌,以指示ASIC片緩衝區利用率已超出配置的閾值。這時就要用到hardware profile buffer info port-threshold全局配置命令。預設組態值為90%。此配置可以全局修改或按模組修改。此組態指令的範例顯示在這裡,其中它被修改為值80%。
switch# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. switch(config)# hardware profile buffer info port-threshold threshold 80 switch(config)# end switch# show running-config | include hardware.profile.buffer hardware profile buffer info port-threshold threshold 80 switch#
您可以修改交換機生成的BUFFER_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED系統日誌之間的最小間隔。您也可以徹底停用BUFFER_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED系統日誌。這將透過hardware profile buffer info syslog-interval timer全局配置命令來完成。預設組態值為120秒。透過將值設定為0秒,可以完全停用系統日誌。此組態指令的範例顯示如下,其中系統日誌已完全停用。
switch# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. switch(config)# hardware profile buffer info syslog-interval timer 0 switch(config)# end switch# show running-config | include hardware.profile.buffer hardware profile buffer info syslog-interval timer 0 switch#
除了本文檔中列出的命令外,您還可以從受網路擁塞影響的交換機收集此處顯示的日誌,以辨識擁塞的出口介面。
如果在非常短的時間間隔(微突發)內發生擁塞或超訂用,則需要其他資訊來準確描述超訂用對交換機的影響。
配備Cisco Cloud Scale ASIC的Cisco Nexus 9000系列交換機可以監控微突發流量,這些微突發可能導致臨時網路擁塞和您的環境中流量丟失。有關微爆發以及如何配置此功能的詳細資訊,請參閱此處顯示的文檔:
修訂 | 發佈日期 | 意見 |
---|---|---|
6.0 |
09-Nov-2023 |
更新 |
5.0 |
04-Oct-2023 |
重新認證 |
3.0 |
21-Jan-2022 |
將「後續步驟」一節新增至檔案。 |
2.0 |
03-Oct-2021 |
更新適用的硬體區段,以包含新的硬體。 |
1.0 |
31-Aug-2021 |
初始版本 |