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本檔案介紹基於LISP VXLAN的網狀架構的基本元件以及如何驗證其操作。
本文件沒有特定需求。
本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本:
Catalyst 9300
Catalyst 9400
Catalyst 9500
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除(預設)的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中,請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
部署LISP VXLAN網路的用途是能夠建立一個架構,其中多個重疊網路(也稱為虛擬網路)定義在底層網路之上。
定位器身分分離通訊協定(LISP)
基於組的策略
VXLAN封裝
驗證
控制平面節點
邊界節點
邊緣節點
節點不限於只執行一項任務。
邊界使用VRF lite向網路的其餘部分提供切換。
LISP VXLAN交換矩陣中的另一個重要概念是使用IP任播的概念。
要使LISP VXLAN交換矩陣正常工作,控制平面節點必須瞭解所有終端如何通過交換矩陣到達。
LISP例項識別符號:
已標識端點(EID):
工藝路線貨位(RLOC):
代理標誌:
第1步:交換矩陣裝置瞭解終端識別符號。這可以通過配置、路由協定或在交換矩陣裝置上學習而實現。
第2步:交換矩陣裝置向交換矩陣內的每個已知和可達控制平面節點註冊所瞭解的終端。
第3步:控制平面節點維護一個註冊的EID表,該表具有相關的例項ID、RLOC和學習的EID
對於第2層例項,使用的EID是在關聯VLAN內獲取的MAC地址。交換矩陣邊緣通過交換機上的標準方法學習第2層地址。
找到與特定第2層例項ID相關聯的VLAN,您可以檢視配置或命令
使用「show lisp instance-id <instance>ethernet」
FE2068#show lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet
Instance ID: 8191
Router-lisp ID: 0
Locator table: default
EID table: Vlan 150
Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR): enabled
Egress Tunnel Router (ETR): enabled
..
Site Registration Limit: 0
Map-Request source: derived from EID destination
ITR Map-Resolver(s): 172.30.250.19
ETR Map-Server(s): 172.30.250.19
如輸出所示,instance-id 8191與VLAN 150關聯。這會導致VLAN中的所有MAC地址都向LISP註冊,並成為LISP VXLAN交換矩陣的一部分。
FE2068#show mac address-table vlan 150
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------
Vlan Mac Address Type Ports
---- ----------- -------- -----
150 0000.0c9f.f18e STATIC Vl150
150 0050.5693.8930 DYNAMIC Gi1/0/1
150 2416.9db4.33fd STATIC Vl150
150 0019.3052.6d7f CP_LEARN L2LI0
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 3
Total Mac Addresses installed by LISP: REMOTE: 1
介面Vl150的靜態條目是交換機虛擬介面(介面VLAN 150)的MAC地址。
一旦通過各自的手段獲知,它們就會出現在lisp資料庫輸出中,此輸出將包含此交換矩陣裝置上的所有本地條目。
FE2068#show lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet database
LISP ETR MAC Mapping Database for LISP 0 EID-table Vlan 150 (IID 8191), LSBs: 0x1
Entries total 3, no-route 0, inactive 0, do-not-register 2
0000.0c9f.f18e/48, dynamic-eid Auto-L2-group-8191, do not register, inherited from default locator-set rloc_hosts
Uptime: 14:56:40, Last-change: 14:56:40
Domain-ID: local
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.44 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
0050.5693.8930/48, dynamic-eid Auto-L2-group-8191, inherited from default locator-set rloc_hosts
Uptime: 14:03:06, Last-change: 14:03:06
Domain-ID: local
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.44 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
2416.9db4.33fd/48, dynamic-eid Auto-L2-group-8191, do not register, inherited from default locator-set rloc_hosts
Uptime: 14:56:50, Last-change: 14:56:50
Domain-ID: local
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.44 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
對於資料庫中顯示的所有已知本地MAC地址,將顯示定位器。
對於第2層例項,不僅要將第2層MAC地址學習為EID,還需要從ARP和ND幀學習地址解析資訊。
要檢視交換機上已知的地址解析資訊,可使用命令show device-tracking database。
遠端條目也會顯示在此輸出中。
顯示裝置跟蹤資料庫
FE2068#show device-tracking database vlanid 150
vlanDB has 6 entries for vlan 150, 3 dynamic
Codes: L - Local, S - Static, ND - Neighbor Discovery, ARP - Address Resolution Protocol, DH4 - IPv4 DHCP, DH6 - IPv6 DHCP, PKT - Other Packet, API - API created
Preflevel flags (prlvl):
0001:MAC and LLA match 0002:Orig trunk 0004:Orig access
0008:Orig trusted trunk 0010:Orig trusted access 0020:DHCP assigned
0040:Cga authenticated 0080:Cert authenticated 0100:Statically assigned
Network Layer Address Link Layer Address Interface vlan prlvl age state Time left
ARP 172.24.1.3 0050.5693.8930 Gi1/0/1 150 0005 31s REACHABLE 213 s try 0
RMT 172.24.1.4 0050.5693.3120 Tu0 150 0005 51s REACHABLE
API 172.24.1.99 0000.0000.00fd Gi1/0/1 150 0000 5s UNKNOWN try 0 (25 s)
ND FE80::1AE4:8804:5B8F:50F6 0050.5693.8930 Gi1/0/1 150 0005 127s REACHABLE 115 s try 0
ND 2001:DB8::E70B:E8E1:E368:BDB7 0050.5693.8930 Gi1/0/1 150 0005 137s REACHABLE 110 s try 0
L 172.24.1.254 0000.0c9f.f18e Vl150 150 0100 1078mn REACHABLE
L 2001:DB8::1 0000.0c9f.f18e Vl150 150 0100 1077mn REACHABLE
L FE80::200:CFF:FE9F:F18E 0000.0c9f.f18e Vl150 150 0100 1077mn REACHABLE
使用「show lisp instance-id <instance> ethernet database address-resolution」命令顯示本地註冊的對映
FE2068#show lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet database address-resolution
LISP ETR Address Resolution for LISP 0 EID-table Vlan 150 (IID 8191)
(*) -> entry being deleted
Hardware Address L3 InstID Host Address
0000.0c9f.f18e 4099 FE80::200:CFF:FE9F:F18E/128
4099 2001:DB8::1/128
0050.5693.8930 4099 172.24.1.3/32
4099 2001:DB8::E70B:E8E1:E368:BDB7/128
4099 FE80::1AE4:8804:5B8F:50F6/128
在IP層上的交換矩陣裝置上,虛擬網路通過將LISP例項ID與VRF相關聯而形成。
使用命令「show lisp instance-id <instance> ipv4」查找VRF和LISP實例ID之間的對映
FE2068#sh lisp instance-id 4099 ipv4
Instance ID: 4099
Router-lisp ID: 0
Locator table: default
EID table: vrf Fabric_VN_1
Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR): enabled
Egress Tunnel Router (ETR): enabled
..
ITR Map-Resolver(s): 172.30.250.19
ETR Map-Server(s): 172.30.250.19
註:此命令還可用於驗證可為此例項啟用的各種功能,以及顯示LISP VXLAN交換矩陣內已使用的控制平面節點
第3層例項建立並連結到VRF後,將建立一個LISP 0 <instance-id>介面,該介面在運行配置中和show vrf下可見。
FE2068#show vrf Fabric_VN_1
Name Default RD Protocols Interfaces
Fabric_VN_1ipv4,ipv6 LI0.4099
Vl150
Vl151
與乙太網幀不同,VLAN中的所有MAC地址都用於IP,因此需要將IP地址置於要獲知的動態EID範圍內。
顯示LISP例項
FE2068#sh lisp instance-id 4099 dynamic-eid
LISP Dynamic EID Information for router 0, IID 4099, EID-table VRF "Fabric_VN_1"
Dynamic-EID name: Fabric_VN_Subnet_1_IPv4
Database-mapping EID-prefix: 172.24.1.0/24, locator-set rloc_hosts
Registering more-specific dynamic-EIDs
Map-Server(s): none configured, use global Map-Server
Site-based multicast Map-Notify group: none configured
Number of roaming dynamic-EIDs discovered: 2
Last dynamic-EID discovered: 172.24.1.3, 21:17:45 ago
Dynamic-EID name: Fabric_VN_Subnet_1_IPv6
Database-mapping EID-prefix: 2001:DB8::/64, locator-set rloc_hosts
Registering more-specific dynamic-EIDs
Map-Server(s): none configured, use global Map-Server
Site-based multicast Map-Notify group: none configured
Number of roaming dynamic-EIDs discovered: 2
Last dynamic-EID discovered: 2001:DB8::E70B:E8E1:E368:BDB7, 21:17:44 ago
Dynamic-EID name: Fabric_VN_Subnet_2_IPv4
Database-mapping EID-prefix: 172.24.2.0/24, locator-set rloc_hosts
Registering more-specific dynamic-EIDs
Map-Server(s): none configured, use global Map-Server
Site-based multicast Map-Notify group: none configured
Number of roaming dynamic-EIDs discovered: 2
Last dynamic-EID discovered: 172.24.2.2, 21:55:56 ago
在這些定義的範圍之外的IP地址被視為不適合交換矩陣,並且不會放入LISP資料庫並且不會向控制平面節點註冊。
FE2068#show lisp instance-id 4099 ipv4 database
LISP ETR IPv4 Mapping Database for LISP 0 EID-table vrf Fabric_VN_1 (IID 4099), LSBs: 0x1
Entries total 4, no-route 0, inactive 0, do-not-register 2
172.24.1.3/32, dynamic-eid Fabric_VN_Subnet_1_IPv4, inherited from default locator-set rloc_hosts
Uptime: 21:28:51, Last-change: 21:28:51
Domain-ID: local
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.44 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
172.24.1.254/32, dynamic-eid Fabric_VN_Subnet_1_IPv4, do not register, inherited from default locator-set rloc_hosts
Uptime: 22:22:35, Last-change: 22:22:35
Domain-ID: local
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.44 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
172.24.2.2/32, dynamic-eid Fabric_VN_Subnet_2_IPv4, inherited from default locator-set rloc_hosts
Uptime: 22:07:03, Last-change: 22:07:03
Domain-ID: local
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.44 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
172.24.2.254/32, dynamic-eid Fabric_VN_Subnet_2_IPv4, do not register, inherited from default locator-set rloc_hosts
Uptime: 22:22:35, Last-change: 22:22:35
Domain-ID: local
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.44 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
輸出會顯示所有本地已知IP地址資訊。
CP_BN_2071#sh lisp instance-id 4099 ipv4 database
LISP ETR IPv4 Mapping Database for LISP 0 EID-table vrf Fabric_VN_1 (IID 4099), LSBs: 0x1
Entries total 2, no-route 0, inactive 0, do-not-register 0
0.0.0.0/0, locator-set rloc_border, auto-discover-rlocs, default-ETR
Uptime: 2d17h, Last-change: 2d17h
Domain-ID: local
Metric: 0
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.19 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
10.48.13.0/24, route-import, inherited from default locator-set rloc_border, auto-discover-rlocs
Uptime: 2d17h, Last-change: 2d16h
Domain-ID: local, tag: 65101
Service-Insertion: N/A
Locator Pri/Wgt Source State
172.30.250.19 10/10 cfg-intf site-self, reachable
基於LISP VXLAN的交換矩陣中的終端註冊通過LISP可靠註冊。這意味著所有註冊都通過已建立的TCP會話(即LISP會話)完成。從每個交換矩陣裝置,與交換矩陣中的每個控制平面節點建立LISP會話。通過此LISP會話,所有註冊都會發生。如果交換矩陣中存在多個控制平面節點,則所有節點都將用於註冊EID。
在交換矩陣裝置上沒有任何要註冊的內容時,狀態為關閉,這通常僅在外部邊界上發生
不向控制平面節點或在無任何端點的邊緣裝置上註冊任何IP範圍的
EID的註冊通過LISP註冊消息進行
傳送到所有已配置的控制平面節點。
要檢視交換矩陣裝置上的LISP會話,可使用命令show lisp session。
它會顯示會話的狀態和啟動時間。
FE2068#show lisp session
Sessions for VRF default, total: 1, established: 1
Peer State Up/Down In/Out Users
172.30.250.19:4342 Up 22:06:07 9791/6531 10
顯示為Down的LISP會話可能發生在沒有任何EID以向控制平面節點註冊的裝置上。
通常是指邊界節點,這些節點不會將路由匯入交換矩陣或邊緣裝置,並且沒有任何端點連線。
使用「show lisp session vrf default <ip address>」命令顯示有關LISP會話的更多詳細資訊
FE2068#show lisp vrf default session 172.30.250.19
Peer address: 172.30.250.19:4342
Local address: 172.30.250.44:13255
Session Type: Active
Session State: Up (22:07:24)
Messages in/out: 9800/6537
Bytes in/out: 616771/757326
Fatal errors: 0
Rcvd unsupported: 0
Rcvd invalid VRF: 0
Rcvd override: 0
Rcvd malformed: 0
Sent deferred: 1
SSO redundancy: N/A
Auth Type: None
Accepting Users: 0
Users: 10
Type ID In/Out State
Policy subscription lisp 0 IID 4099 AFI IPv4 2/1 Established
Pubsub subscriber lisp 0 IID 4099 AFI IPv6 1/0 Idle
Pubsub subscriber lisp 0 IID 8191 AFI MAC 2/0 Idle
Pubsub subscriber lisp 0 IID 8192 AFI MAC 0/0 Idle
ETR Reliable Registration lisp 0 IID 4099 AFI IPv4 6/5 TCP
ETR Reliable Registration lisp 0 IID 4099 AFI IPv6 1/3 TCP
ETR Reliable Registration lisp 0 IID 8191 AFI MAC 9769/6517 TCP
ETR Reliable Registration lisp 0 IID 8192 AFI MAC 2/6 TCP
ETR Reliable Registration lisp 0 IID 16777214 AFI IPv4 4/4 TCP
Capability Exchange N/A 1/1 waiting
會話的此詳細輸出顯示哪些例項處於活動狀態且具有EID,這些例項已在控制平面節點中註冊。
CP_BN_2071#show lisp session
Sessions for VRF default, total: 7, established: 4
Peer State Up/Down In/Out Users
172.30.250.19:4342 Up 22:10:52 1198618/1198592 4
172.30.250.19:49270 Up 22:10:52 1198592/1198618 3
172.30.250.30:25780 Up 22:10:38 6534/9805 6
172.30.250.44:13255 Up 22:10:44 6550/9820 7
當您檢視「控制平面」節點上的會話數時,通常會顯示更多處於Up狀態的會話。
利用交換矩陣裝置通過註冊提供的資訊,控制平面節點能夠構建交換矩陣的完整檢視。每個Instance-id維護一個包含已獲取的EID及其關聯路由定位器的表。
使用show lisp site命令為第3層例項顯示
CP_BN_2071#show lisp site
LISP Site Registration Information
* = Some locators are down or unreachable
# = Some registrations are sourced by reliable transport
Site Name Last Up Who Last Inst EID Prefix
Register Registered ID
site_uci never no -- 4097 0.0.0.0/0
never no -- 4097 172.23.255.0/24
never no -- 4097 172.24.255.0/24
never no -- 4099 0.0.0.0/0
00:00:00 yes# 172.30.250.19:49270 4099 10.48.13.0/24
never no -- 4099 172.23.1.0/24
never no -- 4099 172.24.1.0/24
21:35:06 yes# 172.30.250.44:13255 4099 172.24.1.3/32
22:11:46 yes# 172.30.250.30:25780 4099 172.24.1.4/32
never no -- 4099 172.24.2.0/24
22:11:52 yes# 172.30.250.44:13255 4099 172.24.2.2/32
此命令顯示所有註冊的EID和最後註冊EID的EID。必須注意是,這通常也是正在使用的RLOC,但是這可能不同。此外,EID還可以註冊到多個RLOC。
要顯示完整詳細資訊,命令包括EID和例項
CP_BN_2071#show lisp site 172.24.1.3/32 instance-id 4099
LISP Site Registration Information
Site name: site_uci
Description: map-server
Allowed configured locators: any
Requested EID-prefix:
EID-prefix: 172.24.1.3/32 instance-id 4099
First registered: 21:35:53
Last registered: 21:35:53
Routing table tag: 0
Origin: Dynamic, more specific of 172.24.1.0/24
Merge active: No
Proxy reply: Yes
Skip Publication: No
Force Withdraw: No
TTL: 1d00h
State: complete
Extranet IID: Unspecified
Registration errors:
Authentication failures: 0
Allowed locators mismatch: 0
ETR 172.30.250.44:13255, last registered 21:35:53, proxy-reply, map-notify
TTL 1d00h, no merge, hash-function sha1
state complete, no security-capability
nonce 0x6ED7000E-0xD4C608C5
xTR-ID 0x88F15053-0x40C0253D-0xAE5EA874-0x2551DB71
site-ID unspecified
Domain-ID local
Multihoming-ID unspecified
sourced by reliable transport
Locator Local State Pri/Wgt Scope
172.30.250.44 yes up 10/10 IPv4 none
註:在詳細輸出中,需要注意以下幾點:
若要檢視「控制平面」節點上的註冊歷史記錄,可以使用show lisp server registration history命令。
顯示註冊歷史記錄
CP_BN_2071#show lisp server registration-history last 10
Map-Server registration history
Roam = Did host move to a new location?
WLC = Did registration come from a Wireless Controller?
Prefix qualifier: + = Register Event, - = Deregister Event, * = AR register event
Timestamp (UTC) Instance Proto Roam WLC Source
EID prefix / Locator
*Mar 24 20:49:51.490 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
+ 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:51.491 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
- 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:51.621 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
+ 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:51.622 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
- 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:51.752 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
+ 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:51.754 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
- 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:51.884 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
+ 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:51.886 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
- 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:52.017 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
+ 10.48.13.0/24
*Mar 24 20:49:52.019 4099 TCP No No 172.30.250.19
- 10.48.13.0/24
顯示已註冊的乙太網EID,命令為show lisp instance-id <instance> ethernet server(此命令提供類似第3層的輸出)
CP_BN_2071#show lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet server
LISP Site Registration Information
* = Some locators are down or unreachable
# = Some registrations are sourced by reliable transport
Site Name Last Up Who Last Inst EID Prefix
Register Registered ID
site_uci never no -- 8191 any-mac
00:00:04 yes# 172.30.250.44:13255 8191 0019.3052.6d7f/48
21:36:41 yes# 172.30.250.44:13255 8191 0050.5693.8930/48
22:13:20 yes# 172.30.250.30:25780 8191 0050.5693.f1b2/48
附加MAC地址以獲取有關註冊的更多詳細資訊
CP_BN_2071#show lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet server 0019.3052.6d7f
LISP Site Registration Information
Site name: site_uci
Description: map-server
Allowed configured locators: any
Requested EID-prefix:
EID-prefix: 0019.3052.6d7f/48 instance-id 8191
First registered: 22:14:38
Last registered: 00:00:03
Routing table tag: 0
Origin: Dynamic, more specific of any-mac
Merge active: No
Proxy reply: Yes
Skip Publication: No
Force Withdraw: No
TTL: 1d00h
State: complete
Extranet IID: Unspecified
Registration errors:
Authentication failures: 0
Allowed locators mismatch: 0
ETR 172.30.250.30:25780, last registered 00:00:03, proxy-reply, map-notify
TTL 1d00h, no merge, hash-function sha1
state complete, no security-capability
nonce 0x0465A327-0xA3A2974C
xTR-ID 0x280403CF-0x598BAAF1-0x3E70CE52-0xE8F09E6E
site-ID unspecified
Domain-ID local
Multihoming-ID unspecified
sourced by reliable transport
Locator Local State Pri/Wgt Scope
172.30.250.30 yes up 10/10 IPv4 none
附加「註冊歷史記錄」以檢視乙太網EID的註冊歷史記錄
注意:當裝置在交換矩陣中漫遊以檢視MAC地址註冊的位置和時間時,此命令非常有用
CP_BN_2071#show lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet server registration-history
Map-Server registration history
Roam = Did host move to a new location?
WLC = Did registration come from a Wireless Controller?
Prefix qualifier: + = Register Event, - = Deregister Event, * = AR register event
Timestamp (UTC) Instance Proto Roam WLC Source
EID prefix / Locator
*Mar 24 20:47:10.291 8191 TCP Yes No 172.30.250.44
+ 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:10.296 8191 TCP No No 172.30.250.30
- 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:18.644 8191 TCP Yes No 172.30.250.30
+ 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:18.647 8191 TCP No No 172.30.250.44
- 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:20.700 8191 TCP Yes No 172.30.250.44
+ 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:20.702 8191 TCP No No 172.30.250.30
- 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:31.914 8191 TCP Yes No 172.30.250.30
+ 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:31.918 8191 TCP No No 172.30.250.44
- 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:40.206 8191 TCP Yes No 172.30.250.44
+ 0019.3052.6d7f/48
*Mar 24 20:47:40.210 8191 TCP No No 172.30.250.30
- 0019.3052.6d7f/48
要檢視控制平面節點上已註冊的地址解析資訊,該命令附加了地址解析。
附加「address-resolution」以檢視控制平面節點上的註冊地址解析資訊
CP_BN_2071#sh lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet server address-resolution
Address-resolution data for router lisp 0 instance-id 8191
L3 InstID Host Address Hardware Address
4099 172.24.1.3/32 0050.5693.8930
4099 172.24.1.4/32 0050.5693.f1b2
4099 2001:DB8::E70B:E8E1:E368:BDB7/128 0050.5693.8930
4099 2001:DB8::F304:BCCD:6BF3:BFAF/128 0050.5693.f1b2
4099 FE80::3EE:5111:BA77:E37D/128 0050.5693.f1b2
4099 FE80::1AE4:8804:5B8F:50F6/128 0050.5693.8930
注意:即使鏈路本地IPv6地址與IPv6動態EID不匹配,也要學習它們進行地址解析,並且此資訊會顯示在控制平面節點上。這些裝置本身不會在第3層例項ID下註冊,但可用於地址解析。
對於要通過LISP VXLAN交換矩陣轉發的流量,需要解析目的地的RLOC。在LISP VXLAN交換矩陣內,這通過使用對映快取來完成,資訊從對映快取被放入交換矩陣裝置的轉發資訊庫(FIB)。
使用LISP VXLAN交換矩陣時,對映快取將由於資料訊號而被觸發。
使用來自控制平面節點的map-reply內的資訊更新對映快取。
使用show lisp instance-id <instance> map-cache命令顯示乙太網map-cache
FE2067#show lisp instance-id 8191 ethernet map-cache
LISP MAC Mapping Cache for LISP 0 EID-table Vlan 150 (IID 8191), 1 entries
0019.3052.6d7f/48, uptime: 00:00:07, expires: 23:59:52, via map-reply, complete
Locator Uptime State Pri/Wgt Encap-IID
172.30.250.44 00:00:07 up 10/10 -
此命令顯示應已解析的遠端MAC地址條目。
在第2層例項中,可選的是BUM流量泛洪的使用。
顯示廣播底層組地址
FE2068#sh run | sec instance-id 8191
instance-id 8191
remote-rloc-probe on-route-change
service ethernet
eid-table vlan 150
broadcast-underlay 239.0.1.19
database-mapping mac locator-set rloc_hosts
exit-service-ethernet
!
exit-instance-id
對於第3層例項,對映快取資訊與傳送到CPU的流量生成的乙太網類似,該流量發出訊號會導致傳送對映請求。
顯示對映快取配置
FE2068#sh run | sec instance-id 4099
instance-id 4099
remote-rloc-probe on-route-change
dynamic-eid Fabric_VN_Subnet_1_IPv4
database-mapping 172.24.1.0/24 locator-set rloc_hosts
exit-dynamic-eid
!
dynamic-eid Fabric_VN_Subnet_1_IPv6
database-mapping 2001:DB8::/64 locator-set rloc_hosts
exit-dynamic-eid
!
service ipv4
eid-table vrf Fabric_VN_1
map-cache 0.0.0.0/0 map-request
exit-service-ipv4
!
service ipv6
eid-table vrf Fabric_VN_1
map-cache ::/0 map-request
exit-service-ipv6
!
exit-instance-id
map-cache 0.0.0.0/0和::/0 map-request導致使用「send-map-request」操作在對映快取中配置對映快取條目。命中此的流量會觸發對映請求。由於對映快取條目將被放入基於最長匹配的FIB中,這會應用到所有未命中任何更具體條目的路由IP流量。
FE2067#show lisp instance-id 4099 ipv4 map-cache
LISP IPv4 Mapping Cache for LISP 0 EID-table vrf Fabric_VN_1 (IID 4099), 6 entries
0.0.0.0/0, uptime: 22:28:18, expires: 00:13:41, via map-reply, unknown-eid-forward
action: send-map-request + Encapsulating to proxy ETR
PETR Uptime State Pri/Wgt Encap-IID Metric
172.30.250.19 22:28:18 up 10/10 - 0
10.48.13.0/24, uptime: 02:31:26, expires: 21:28:34, via map-reply, complete
Locator Uptime State Pri/Wgt Encap-IID
172.30.250.19 02:31:26 up 10/10 -
172.24.1.0/24, uptime: 22:31:34, expires: never, via dynamic-EID, send-map-request
Negative cache entry, action: send-map-request
172.24.2.0/24, uptime: 22:31:34, expires: never, via dynamic-EID, send-map-request
Negative cache entry, action: send-map-request
172.24.2.2/32, uptime: 00:00:21, expires: 23:59:38, via map-reply, complete
Locator Uptime State Pri/Wgt Encap-IID
172.30.250.44 00:00:21 up 10/10 -
172.28.0.0/14, uptime: 22:28:22, expires: 00:13:39, via map-reply, unknown-eid-forward
PETR Uptime State Pri/Wgt Encap-IID Metric
172.30.250.19 22:28:19 up 10/10 - 0
在此輸出中顯示了幾個條目。
LISP/VXLAN交換矩陣中的流量可通過第2層或第2層例項轉發。
通過LISP VXLAN交換矩陣的第2層轉發基於第2層目標MAC地址完成。 遠端目標被插入帶有輸出介面L2LI0的MAC地址表中。
顯示本地和遠端第2層介面
FE2068#show mac address-table vlan 150
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------
Vlan Mac Address Type Ports
---- ----------- -------- -----
150 0000.0c9f.f18e STATIC Vl150
150 0050.5693.8930 DYNAMIC Gi1/0/1
150 2416.9db4.33fd STATIC Vl150 <- Local
150 0019.3052.6d7f CP_LEARN L2LI0 <- Remote
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 3
Total Mac Addresses installed by LISP: REMOTE: 1
對於未知目的地(如果已設定),流量會透過底層中設定的IP多點傳送群組傳送。
顯示底層IP組播組
FE2068#sh ip mroute 239.0.19.1
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report,
Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender,
Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group,
G - Received BGP C-Mroute, g - Sent BGP C-Mroute,
N - Received BGP Shared-Tree Prune, n - BGP C-Mroute suppressed,
Q - Received BGP S-A Route, q - Sent BGP S-A Route,
V - RD & Vector, v - Vector, p - PIM Joins on route,
x - VxLAN group, c - PFP-SA cache created entry,
* - determined by Assert, # - iif-starg configured on rpf intf,
e - encap-helper tunnel flag, l - LISP decap ref count contributor
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner, p - PIM Join
t - LISP transit group
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 239.0.1.19), 00:02:36/stopped, RP 172.31.255.1, flags: SJCF
Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/23, RPF nbr 172.30.250.42
Outgoing interface list:
L2LISP0.8191, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:35/00:00:24, flags:
(172.30.250.44, 239.0.1.19), 00:02:03/00:00:56, flags: FT
Incoming interface: Null0, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
GigabitEthernet1/0/23, Forward/Sparse, 00:02:03/00:03:23, flags:
(172.30.250.30, 239.0.1.19), 00:02:29/00:00:30, flags: JT
Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/23, RPF nbr 172.30.250.42
Outgoing interface list:
L2LISP0.8191, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:29/00:00:30, flags:
此輸出顯示交換矩陣中配置客戶端傳送泛洪流量的所有其他Edge的S、G條目。它還顯示一個S、G條目,其中此邊緣裝置的Loopback0作為源。
對於通過底層組播組的流量的接收端,show ip mroute命令還會顯示L2LISP0。<instance>
這將指示此邊緣裝置將對哪些第2層例項解除封裝泛洪流量並將其轉發到
相關介面。
要確定在部署LISP VXLAN交換矩陣時如何轉發流量,請務必驗證CEF。
對於給定的遠端目標,對映快取資訊包含要使用的定位器資訊。
顯示貨位資訊
FE2067#sh lisp instance-id 4099 ipv4 map-cache 172.24.2.2
LISP IPv4 Mapping Cache for LISP 0 EID-table vrf Fabric_VN_1 (IID 4099), 1 entries
172.24.2.2/32, uptime: 11:19:02, expires: 12:40:57, via map-reply, complete
Sources: map-reply
State: complete, last modified: 11:19:02, map-source: 172.30.250.44
Idle, Packets out: 2(1152 bytes), counters are not accurate (~ 11:18:35 ago)
Encapsulating dynamic-EID traffic
Locator Uptime State Pri/Wgt Encap-IID
172.30.250.44 11:19:02 up 10/10 -
Last up-down state change: 11:19:02, state change count: 1
Last route reachability change: 11:19:02, state change count: 1
Last priority / weight change: never/never
RLOC-probing loc-status algorithm:
Last RLOC-probe sent: 11:19:02 (rtt 2ms)
從對映快取中,用於此EID的定位符為172.30.250.44。因此,將封裝流向此目標的流量,並且外部IP報頭的IP目標地址為172.30.250.44。
在用於此例項的VRF的路由表中,不顯示此條目。
FE2067#show ip route vrf Fabric_VN_1
Routing Table: Fabric_VN_1
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, m - OMP
n - NAT, Ni - NAT inside, No - NAT outside, Nd - NAT DIA
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
H - NHRP, G - NHRP registered, g - NHRP registration summary
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, l - LISP
a - application route
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
& - replicated local route overrides by connected
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.24.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.24.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan150
l 172.24.1.4/32 [10/1] via 172.24.1.4, 06:11:02, Vlan150
L 172.24.1.254/32 is directly connected, Vlan150
C 172.24.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan151
L 172.24.2.254/32 is directly connected, Vlan151
CEF輸出提供了有關通過LISP VXLAN交換矩陣的轉發的詳細資訊。
FE2067#sh ip cef vrf Fabric_VN_1 172.24.2.2 detail
172.24.2.2/32, epoch 1, flags [subtree context, check lisp eligibility]
SC owned,sourced: LISP remote EID - locator status bits 0x00000001
LISP remote EID: 2 packets 1152 bytes fwd action encap, dynamic EID need encap
SC inherited: LISP cfg dyn-EID - LISP configured dynamic-EID
LISP EID attributes: localEID No, c-dynEID Yes, d-dynEID No, a-dynEID No
SC inherited: LISP generalised SMR - [enabled, inheriting, 0x7FF95B3E0BE8 locks: 5]
LISP source path list
nexthop 172.30.250.44 LISP0.4099
2 IPL sources [no flags]
nexthop 172.30.250.44 LISP0.4099
由於流量將封裝到下一躍點,因此下一步是運行show ip cef <next hop>來檢視資料包也將路由到的輸出介面。
運行以檢視輸出介面
FE2067#sh ip cef 172.30.250.44
172.30.250.44/32
nexthop 172.30.250.38 GigabitEthernet1/0/23
注意:可以有2個不同級別的等價多路徑(ECMP)路由。
Ethernet II, Src: 24:16:9d:3d:56:67 (24:16:9d:3d:56:67), Dst: 6c:31:0e:f6:21:c7 (6c:31:0e:f6:21:c7)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 172.30.250.30, Dst: 172.30.250.44
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 65288, Dst Port: 4789
Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network
Flags: 0x8800, GBP Extension, VXLAN Network ID (VNI)
1... .... .... .... = GBP Extension: Defined
.... .... .0.. .... = Don't Learn: False
.... 1... .... .... = VXLAN Network ID (VNI): True
.... .... .... 0... = Policy Applied: False
.000 .000 0.00 .000 = Reserved(R): 0x0000
Group Policy ID: 16
VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI): 4099
Reserved: 0
Ethernet II, Src: 00:00:00:00:80:a3 (00:00:00:00:80:a3), Dst: ba:25:cd:f4:ad:38 (ba:25:cd:f4:ad:38)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 172.24.1.4, Dst: 172.24.2.2
Internet Control Message Protocol
從通過LISP VXLAN交換矩陣傳輸的幀捕獲示例中可看出,vxlan資料包中有完全封裝的幀。作為第3層幀,乙太網報頭是一個虛擬報頭。
在VXLAN報頭中,「VLAN網路識別符號」(VLAN Network Identifier)欄位包含幀所屬的LISP例項ID。
要將終端動態分配到各自的VLAN並為其分配SGT標籤身份驗證,可使用。
對於LISP VXLAN交換矩陣,有幾種常見的radius屬性:
使用show access-session命令檢查埠上的身份驗證結果
FE2067#show access-session interface Gi1/0/1 details
Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1
IIF-ID: 0x1FF97CF7
MAC Address: 0050.5693.f1b2
IPv6 Address: FE80::3EE:5111:BA77:E37D
IPv4 Address: 172.24.1.4
User-Name: 00-50-56-93-F1-B2
Device-type: Microsoft-Workstation
Device-name: W7180-PC
Status: Authorized
Domain: DATA
Oper host mode: multi-auth
Oper control dir: both
Session timeout: N/A
Acct update timeout: 172800s (local), Remaining: 172678s
Common Session ID: 9256300A000057B8376D924C
Acct Session ID: 0x00016d77
Handle: 0x85000594
Current Policy: PMAP_DefaultWiredDot1xClosedAuth_1X_MAB
Local Policies:
Server Policies:
Vlan Group: Vlan: 150
SGT Value: 16
Method status list:
Method State
dot1x Stopped
mab Authc Success
請註意以下關鍵欄位:
在LISP VXLAN交換矩陣內,CTS用於實施流量策略:
要使用基於組的策略運行,交換矩陣裝置首先需要獲取CTS封裝。
顯示CTS pac資訊
FE2067#sh cts pacs
AID: C7105D0DA108B6AE0FB00499233B9C6A
PAC-Info:
PAC-type = Cisco Trustsec
AID: C7105D0DA108B6AE0FB00499233B9C6A
I-ID: FOC2410L1ZZ
A-ID-Info: Identity Services Engine
Credential Lifetime: 18:05:51 UTC Sat Jun 24 2023
PAC-Opaque: 000200B80003000100040010C7105D0DA108B6AE0FB00499233B9C6A0006009C00030100C5C0B998FB5E8C106F6882A088D5041300000013641F061A00093A80BA05A1608225843FBAAFD6C3BCD673353B18A6C68149AFAE24A060CBCAFC783E1E6C483AA1A32ADDB8C8EA5E739FB65DB7747ABAEDA59C48F4D1A4F9C8342C36E6D28725A440C1FE4BDB34207081E93CD79367AB19811E323F5882FE20EF831B7A5C2F339C3F35EFC0DBF346C77404F206F5B2171A4C0AAC187F74C5
Refresh timer is set for 12w0d
確保CTS pac已配置且有效很重要。Fabric裝置會自動刷新該值。
註:要手動觸發刷新,可以發出命令「cts refresh pac」。
要運行基於組的策略,請下載環境資料並下載所需的策略資訊。
顯示cts環境資料
FE2067#sh cts environment-data
CTS Environment Data
====================
Current state = COMPLETE
Last status = Successful
Service Info Table:
Local Device SGT:
SGT tag = 2-00:TrustSec_Devices
Server List Info:
Installed list: CTSServerList1-0001, 1 server(s):
*Server: 10.48.13.221, port 1812, A-ID C7105D0DA108B6AE0FB00499233B9C6A
Status = ALIVE
auto-test = TRUE, keywrap-enable = FALSE, idle-time = 60 mins, deadtime = 20 secs
Security Group Name Table:
0-00:Unknown
2-00:TrustSec_Devices
3-00:Network_Services
4-00:Employees
5-00:Contractors
6-00:Guests
7-00:Production_Users
8-00:Developers
9-00:Auditors
10-00:Point_of_Sale_Systems
11-00:Production_Servers
12-00:Development_Servers
13-00:Test_Servers
14-00:PCI_Servers
15-00:BYOD
16-00:Fabric_Client_1
17-00:Fabric_Client_2
255-00:Quarantined_Systems
Environment Data Lifetime = 86400 secs
Last update time = 11:46:41 UTC Fri Mar 31 2023
Env-data expires in 0:19:17:04 (dd:hr:mm:sec)
Env-data refreshes in 0:19:17:04 (dd:hr:mm:sec)
Cache data applied = NONE
State Machine is running
Retry_timer (60 secs) is not running
使用基於組的策略時,僅下載的策略是裝置具有需要強制使用的本地終端的CTS標籤。
顯示VRF的所有已知IP到SGT資訊
FE2067#sh cts role-based sgt-map vrf Fabric_VN_1 all
Active IPv4-SGT Bindings Information
IP Address SGT Source
============================================
172.24.1.4 17 LOCAL
172.24.1.254 2 INTERNAL
172.24.2.254 2 INTERNAL
IP-SGT Active Bindings Summary
============================================
Total number of LOCAL bindings = 1
Total number of INTERNAL bindings = 2
Total number of active bindings = 3
Active IPv6-SGT Bindings Information
IP Address SGT Source
================================================================
2001:DB8::1 2 INTERNAL
2001:DB8::F304:BCCD:6BF3:BFAF 17 LOCAL
IP-SGT Active Bindings Summary
============================================
Total number of LOCAL bindings = 1
Total number of INTERNAL bindings = 1
Total number of active bindings = 2
此輸出顯示了給定VRF的所有已知IP地址(和子網)及其基於組的策略關聯。
當裝置得知SGT標籤時,它會嘗試從ISE伺服器下載與其關聯的策略。
註:如果策略發生任何更改,將定期刷新策略。ISE還可以推送CoA命令以觸發交換機,以便在更改時下載新策略。 要手動刷新策略,請發出命令「cts refresh policy」。
顯示嘗試下載的策略的概述,以及是否已連續下載
FE2067#show cts authorization entries
Authorization Entries Info
==========================
Peer name = Unknown-0
Peer SGT = 0-00:Unknown
Entry State = COMPLETE
Entry last refresh = 22:14:46 UTC Thu Mar 30 2023
SGT policy last refresh = 22:14:46 UTC Thu Mar 30 2023
SGT policy refresh time = 86400
Policy expires in 0:05:23:44 (dd:hr:mm:sec)
Policy refreshes in 0:05:23:44 (dd:hr:mm:sec)
Retry_timer = not running
Cache data applied = NONE
Entry status = SUCCEEDED
AAA Unique-ID = 11
Peer name = Unknown-17
Peer SGT = 17-01:Fabric_Client_2
Entry State = COMPLETE
Entry last refresh = 11:47:31 UTC Fri Mar 31 2023
SGT policy last refresh = 11:47:31 UTC Fri Mar 31 2023
SGT policy refresh time = 86400
Policy expires in 0:18:56:29 (dd:hr:mm:sec)
Policy refreshes in 0:18:56:29 (dd:hr:mm:sec)
Retry_timer = not running
Cache data applied = NONE
Entry status = SUCCEEDED
AAA Unique-ID = 4031
如果下載了任何策略,則可以使用命令「show cts rolebased policies」顯示這些策略。
FE2067#sh cts role-based permissions
IPv4 Role-based permissions default:
Permit IP-00
IPv4 Role-based permissions from group 17:Fabric_Client_2 to group 16:Fabric_Client_1:
PermitWeb-02
RBACL Monitor All for Dynamic Policies : FALSE
RBACL Monitor All for Configured Policies : FALSE
此命令顯示裝置已學習的所有策略。在ISE伺服器上,可能有更多策略用於不同的組,但裝置只嘗試下載它知道終端使用的策略。這節省了寶貴的硬體資源。
此命令還顯示要應用於沒有特定條目已知的流量的預設操作。在本例中是Permit IP,因此所有與表中特定條目不匹配的流量都允許通過。
執行show cts rbacl <name>,以取得已下載RBACL的確切內容的詳細資訊
FE2067#sh cts rbacl permitssh
CTS RBACL Policy
================
RBACL IP Version Supported: IPv4 & IPv6
name = permitssh-03
IP protocol version = IPV4
refcnt = 2
flag = 0x41000000
stale = FALSE
RBACL ACEs:
permit tcp dst eq 22
permit tcp dst eq 23
deny ip
在此案例中,唯一允許傳送至應用了此RBACL的終結點的流量是面向22(SSH)和23(Telnet)的tcp資料包。
注意:RBACL只能在一個方向上運行。除非返回流量中有策略,否則將使用預設策略強制執行該策略。進入交換矩陣的流量未強制執行,它通過交換矩陣傳送輸入節點上已知的SGT標籤。僅當它離開交換矩陣時,才會強制實施,並且它要在該裝置上存在的策略上實施。 通常,這些策略是相同的,但可以擴展CTS域,例如使用防火牆,在該防火牆中,可以定義其他策略,具體取決於部署的安全策略。
運行show cts role-based counters以驗證幀是否已丟棄
FE2067#sh cts role-based counters
Role-based IPv4 counters
From To SW-Denied HW-Denied SW-Permitt HW-Permitt SW-Monitor HW-Monitor
* * 0 0 3565235 7777106 0 0
17 16 0 3 0 3412 0 0
16 17 0 5812 0 871231 0 0
此概述顯示了此案例中交換機知道的所有已知條目,這些條目能夠匹配從17到16以及從16到17的流量。
即使計數器是累積的,它們也會給出流量是否被丟棄的正確指示。
修訂 | 發佈日期 | 意見 |
---|---|---|
1.0 |
06-Apr-2023 |
初始版本 |