此示例配置向您展示如何使用浮動靜態路由和按需撥號(DDR)路由備份使用整合多業務數位網路(ISDN)的幀中繼鏈路。
本文件沒有特定需求。
此配置是使用下面的軟體和硬體版本開發和測試的。
思科2503路由器
兩台路由器上都運行了Cisco IOS®軟體版本12.2(7b)
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除(預設)的組態來啟動。如果您在即時網路中工作,請確保在使用任何命令之前瞭解其潛在影響。
如需文件慣例的詳細資訊,請參閱思科技術提示慣例。
WAN鏈路的一個實施目標是提供在鏈路發生故障時備份鏈路的方法。ISDN經常提供此備份。思科提供的備份策略可以實現相同的功能,但方式不同。如果路由資訊通過幀中繼鏈路傳遞,則如果幀中繼鏈路停止傳遞資訊,浮動靜態路由就會啟動備用鏈路。
注意:此示例顯示了使用浮動靜態路由的幀中繼備份。但是,您也可以使用此方法備份任何WAN鏈路。
其他解決方案可以採用備份介面(請參閱為子介面配置備份介面)或Dialer監視。如果使用backup interface命令方法,點對點子介面是有利的,因為主介面或多點介面可以保持開啟/開啟狀態,即使永久虛擬連線(PVC)隨著幀中繼一起關閉也是如此。
有關配置DDR備份的詳細資訊,請參閱配置和故障排除DDR備份文檔。您也可以參閱評估備份介面、浮動靜態路由和Dialer Watch for DDR Backup文檔,瞭解有關各種DDR備份方法的詳細資訊。
本節提供用於設定本文件中所述功能的資訊。
注意:要查詢有關本文檔中使用的命令的其他資訊,請使用IOS的命令查詢工具。
本文檔使用下圖所示的網路設定。
本文檔使用如下所示的配置。
此配置已在2500系列路由器上使用Cisco IOS軟體版本12.2(7b)進行測試。相同的配置概念同樣適用於類似的路由器拓撲或其他Cisco IOS版本。
Router1(思科2503路由器) |
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Current configuration: version 12.2 ! hostname Router1 ! !--- This username password pair is used for !--- PPP CHAP authentication username Router2 password 0 letmein ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup ! isdn switch-type basic-5ess ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache ! interface Serial0 !--- Primary Link. !--- The bandwidth is adjusted to allow for rapid backup of the link. !--- This adjusts the EIGRP Hello interval and !--- Hold time for rapid convergence. !--- The bandwidth command does not actually change the bandwidth of the link, !--- it only adjusts the routing protocol bandwidth parameter. bandwidth 2048 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.128 encapsulation frame-relay no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache clockrate 64000 ! interface Serial1 no ip address no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache shutdown ! interface BRI0 ! -- Backup link. ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 ! -- The backup link is in a different subnet. ! -- The BRI interface on the peer should also be in this subnet. encapsulation ppp no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache dialer map ip 172.16.3.2 name Router2 broadcast 5552000 ! -- Dialer map for the peer. Note the IP address and name. ! -- The name must match the authenticated username of the peer. dialer load-threshold 5 either dialer-group 1 ! -- Apply interesting traffic definition. ! -- Interesting traffic definition is defined in dialer-list 1. isdn switch-type basic-5ess ppp authentication chap ppp multilink ! router eigrp 100 !--- This example uses eigrp. !--- You can use any routing protocol instead. network 172.16.0.0 auto-summary no eigrp log-neighbor-changes ! ip classless ip route 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.2 200 !--- The floating static route is defined. !--- Note the administrative distance of the route is 200. !--- Hence it is only used when all other routes for 172.16.4.0/24 !--- are lost. Note that the next hop for the floating static route !--- matches the dialer map ip. If the nexthop is not the same as !--- in the dialer map then the router will no dial. ! access-list 100 deny eigrp any any access-list 100 permit ip any any !--- EIGRP routing packets are denied in the dialer-list. !--- This prevents eigrp packets from keeping the link up. !--- Adjust the interesting traffic depending on your traffic definitions. ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip list 100 !--- Interesting traffic defintion. Use access-list 100. !--- The interesting traffic is applied to BRI interface !--- using dialer-group 1. ! line con 0 line aux 0 transport input all line vty 0 4 login ! end |
Router1已配置浮動靜態。該浮動靜態路由分配的管理距離為200。同一子網的路由還將通過幀中繼鏈路通過增強型內部網關路由協定(EIGRP)獲知,該協定強調浮動路由的附加或冗餘性質。與靜態路由的200路由相比,EIGRP已識別的路由的管理距離為90,因此將被安裝到路由表中。如果幀中繼鏈路發生故障,EIGRP路由將從路由表中消失,從而安裝浮動靜態路由。通過ISDN連線傳送的任何相關流量都會引發線路問題。通過幀中繼恢復連線後,路由將再次通過EIGRP獲知。此路由取代了靜態路由,並再次通過幀中繼電路定向流量。
路由協定流量在撥號程式清單中標籤為無意義,以便不會導致ISDN線路連線或保持連線。但是,一旦鏈路開啟,EIGRP資料包就可以通過該鏈路,並且兩台路由器可以交換路由資訊。broadcast關鍵字已包括在撥號器對映語句中,以允許路由協定流量通過ISDN鏈路。如果您不希望EIGRP交換路由資訊(即使ISDN鏈路處於開啟狀態),請勿在dialer map語句中包含broadcast關鍵字。
dialer load-threshold命令設定將觸發要置於第二B通道上的併發呼叫的負載。已配置多鏈路點對點協定(PPP)(ppp multilink),因此兩個ISDN B通道可以捆綁在一起,作為一個虛擬接入介面用於聚合頻寬。
在當前配置中,僅將Router1配置為發出呼叫。Router2收到來自Router1的呼叫。如果您希望兩端都開啟連結,請將dialer map和dialer load-threshold指令新增到Router2的組態中。
Router2(思科2503路由器) |
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Current configuration: version 12.2 ! ! hostname Router2 ! username Router1 password 0 letmein ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup ! isdn switch-type basic-5ess ! ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0 bandwidth 2048 ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.128 encapsulation frame-relay clockrate 64000 ! interface Serial1 no ip address shutdown clockrate 64000 ! interface BRI0 ip address 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.0 ! -- IP address of backup interface. ! -- This router accepts the call. Note the IP address matches both the ! -- dialer map floating static router nexthop on the peer. encapsulation ppp dialer-group 1 isdn switch-type basic-5ess ppp authentication chap ppp multilink !--- The missing dialer map command disables !--- this router from making the call. ! router eigrp 100 network 172.16.0.0 auto-summary no eigrp log-neighbor-changes ! ip classless ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.1 200 ! access-list 100 deny eigrp any any access-list 100 permit ip any any dialer-list 1 protocol ip list 100 ! ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 ! end |
本節提供的資訊可用於確認您的組態是否正常運作。
注意:Output Interpreter工具支援某些show命令,您可以透過該工具來檢視show命令輸出的分析;
觀察來自Router1的以下路由表。注意,在Router2無法通過幀中繼鏈路到達後,浮動靜態路由取代了EIGRP獲知的路由。
下面顯示了幀中繼鏈路開啟時Router1的路由表。
Router1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks [D 172.16.4.0/2490/1787392] via 172.16.2.2, 00:06:56, Serial0 !--- EIGRP learned route over Frame Relay link C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.2.0/25 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, BRI0 Router1#
當幀中繼鏈路上的連線斷開時,Router1會在其路由表中安裝浮動靜態路由,如下所示。
Router1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks S 172.16.4.0/24 [200/0] via 172.16.3.2 !--- Floating static route. Administrative distance is 200 C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.2.0/25 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, BRI0 Router1#
任何到網路172.16.4.0/24的有趣流量現在會建立ISDN連線。例如,從Router1對172.16.4.1執行ping操作會啟動ISDN鏈路,如下所示。
注意:如果您使路由協定感興趣,則定期流量會自動啟動鏈路。這樣做的缺點是連線將無限期保持運行,可能導致高昂的收費費用。
Router1#ping 172.16.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: .!!!! Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/36 ms Router1# 3d22h: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 3d22h: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up 3d22h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 3d22h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up 3d22h: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 5552000 Router2 Router1#
由於ISDN線路已啟動,EIGRP現在開始通過ISDN連線交換路由資訊。這會導致Router1將EIGRP路由安裝到其路由表中,指向下一跳172.16.3.2。
Router1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 3 masks D 172.16.4.0/24 [90/40537600] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:17, BRI0 !--- EIGRP route learnt over the ISDN link C 172.16.3.2/32 is directly connected, BRI0 C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.2.0/25 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, BRI0 Router1#
相關流量是發起ISDN呼叫的流量,由dialer-list命令定義。在以上配置中,dialer-list指向訪問清單編號100,該編號允許除EIGRP資料包以外的所有IP資料包。這意味著,除EIGRP資料包以外的所有IP資料包都可以啟動ISDN連線。建立連線後,所有流量(包括EIGRP流量)都允許通過鏈路。但是,如果在撥號器空閒計時器持續時間內沒有相關流量通過ISDN鏈路,則該鏈路將關閉,並且不會交換EIGRP路由。此時,浮動靜態路由將再次安裝在Router1的路由表中。
有關浮動靜態路由故障排除的資訊,請參閱文檔配置和故障排除DDR備份。本文解決常見症狀,例如:
當主鏈路關閉時,不會撥打Backup鏈路。
備用鏈路撥號,但不連線到另一端。
主鏈路恢復時,備份鏈路未停用。
主介面關閉時,備用鏈路不穩定(例如,其擺動)。
有關幀中繼特定的故障排除,請參閱配置幀中繼備份
以下命令有助於排除備份鏈路故障:
debug dialer events — 檢視按需撥號路由活動。
debug dialer packets — 檢視撥號器相關流量資訊。
show ppp multilink — 在備份啟動後檢查多鏈路狀態。
嘗試使用上述debug指令之前,請先參閱有關Debug指令的重要資訊。
dialer list指令將路由通訊協定流量(EIGRP)標籤為無意義,因此不會開啟連結或保持連結。但是,當鏈路處於活動狀態時,將會交換路由更新。debug dialer packet命令可以驗證正確的流量是否可以啟動鏈路。輸出如下所示。
Router1#debug dialer packets Dial on demand packets debugging is on Router1# 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=224.0.0.10), 60 bytes, outgoing uninteresting (list 100) !--- EIGRP packet 3d22h: BR0 DDR: sending broadcast to ip 172.16.3.2 -- failed, not connected !--- EIGRP packet does not bring up the link 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=224.0.0.10), 60 bytes, outgoing uninteresting (list 100) !--- EIGRP packet 3d22h: BR0 DDR: sending broadcast to ip 172.16.3.2 -- failed, not connected !--- EIGRP packet does not bring up the link 3d22h: BR0 DDR: cdp, 273 bytes, outgoing uninteresting (no list matched)
相關流量(此案例為網際網路控制訊息通訊協定(ICMP)回應)將重設閒置計時器並保持連結啟動,如下所示。非關注的流量會通過,但是如果空閒計時器超時,將不會保持鏈路正常運行。
Router1#ping 172.16.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/51/80 ms Router1# 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=172.16.4.1), 100 bytes, outgoing interesting (list 100) !--- ICMP packet (ping) 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=172.16.4.1), 100 bytes, outgoing interesting (list 100) !--- ICMP packet (ping) 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=172.16.4.1), 100 bytes, outgoing interesting (list 100) !--- ICMP packet (ping) 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=172.16.4.1), 100 bytes, outgoing interesting (list 100) !--- ICMP packet (ping) 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=172.16.4.1), 100 bytes, outgoing interesting (list 100) !--- ICMP packet (ping) 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=224.0.0.10), 60 bytes, outgoing uninteresting (list 100) !--- EIGRP packet 3d22h: BR0 DDR: sending broadcast to ip 172.16.3.2 3d22h: BR0 DDR: ip (s=172.16.3.1, d=224.0.0.10), 60 bytes, outgoing uninteresting (list 100) !--- EIGRP packet 3d22h: BR0 DDR: sending broadcast to ip 172.16.3.2
儘管標籤為無意義,但EIGRP資料包會通過ISDN鏈路,因為此連線已由相關的ICMP流量建立。
修訂 | 發佈日期 | 意見 |
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1.0 |
17-Aug-2004 |
初始版本 |