Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

The Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control (CAC) feature provides the functionality to reject SIP calls when the bandwidth accounted by the SIP signaling layer exceeds the aggregate bandwidth threshold for VoIP media traffic—voice, video, and fax. This functionality helps you prevent Quality of Service (QoS) degradation of VoIP media traffic for existing calls when the bandwidth allocated for VoIP traffic is fully utilized. The Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature is supported on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) trunks of the Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) SIP gateway and the Cisco Unified Border Element (Cisco UBE).

Midcall media renegotiation can also be rejected if the configured maximum bandwidth threshold for the VoIP media traffic is exceeded. The call continues as per the previously negotiated media codecs if midcall media renegotiation is rejected.

The excess subscription of the bandwidth allocated for VoIP traffic results in VoIP media packets being dropped or delayed, irrespective of the VoIP call to which they belong. Under such circumstances, it is better to deny new calls to prevent QoS deterioration for existing VoIP call traffic. The existing traffic congestion resolution mechanisms do not differentiate between media packets of existing calls (admitted) and new calls (oversubscribed). Similarly, existing call signaling is unaware of the media traffic congestion. The Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature fills this gap by rejecting new SIP calls when the bandwidth allocated for VoIP traffic is fully utilized. The actual bandwidth usage is not measured and policed. The lower-level QoS policies control the traffic characteristics for the specified traffic class.


Note

The Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature is applicable only to VoIP traffic.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Restrictions for Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

  • Cisco UBE, configured with the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature, will not reject the call if the bandwidth of the SDP answer is greater than the bandwidth of the SDP offer.
  • Layer 2 overhead is not included in the bandwidth calculation.
  • A midcall delayed-offer (DO) to DO call is disconnected if the bandwidth requested in an offer message (200 OK) exceeds the threshold bandwidth.
  • Real Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) and RTP Named Telephone Event (RTP-NTE) bandwidth requirement is not computed.
  • The Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature does not support:
    • Cisco fax relay.
    • Filtering of codecs to accommodate calls within the available bandwidth.
    • Media flow-around, Session Description Protocol (SDP) pass-through, out-of-box low-density transcoding, high-density transcoding, video transcoding, and midcall consumption functionalities.
    • Non-SIP call legs.
    • SIP-to-H32X call flows (SIP-H320, H320-SIP, SIP-H324, H324-SIP).
    • Subinterfaces for bandwidth-based CAC on an interface.

Information About Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

Maximum Bandwidth Calculation

The bandwidth requirement for each SIP call leg is calculated using the codec information available in the SDP. Here, the actual media bandwidth used is not measured.

Bandwidth in Kbps (Kilo bits per second) = [codec bytes + RTP header (12) + UDP (8) + IP Header (20 or 40)] * Packets per seconds * 8/1000

Where, codec bytes = Codec payload size, in bytes, for a given packetization interval.

RTP header = Size of the RTP header, in bytes.

UDP = Size of the UDP header, in bytes.

IP Header = Size of the IP header, in bytes. The IPV4 header is 20 bytes and the IPV6 header is 40 bytes.

Packets per second = Number of RTP packets sent or received per second. This value is as per the negotiated packetization interval. The SDP media attribute "ptime" indicates the number of packets per second.

Bandwidth Tables

This section provides the sample maximum bandwidth calculation for audio and fax calls.

Table 1 Audio Bandwidth Table

Codec and Bit Rate (Kbps)

Codec Sample Size in Bytes

Voice Payload Size in Bytes

Voice Payload Size in Milliseconds

Packets Per Second

Bandwidth for IPv4 (excluding Layer 2) in Kbps

Bandwidth for IPv6 (excluding Layer 2) in Kbps

G.711 (64 Kbps)

80

160

20

50

80

88

G.729 (8 Kbps)

10

20

20

50

24

32

G.723.1 (6.3 Kbps)

24

24

30

33.3

17

22

G.723.1 (5.3 Kbps)

20

20

30

33.3

16

21

G.726 (32 Kbps)

20

80

20

50

48

56

G.726 (24 Kbps)

15

60

20

50

40

48

G.726 (16 Kbps)

10

40

20

50

32

40

G.728 (16 Kbps)

10

40

20

50

32

40

G722_64k (64 Kbps)

80

160

20

50

80

88

ilbc_mode_20 (15.2 Kbps)

38

38

20

50

31

39

ilbc_mode_30 (13.33 Kbps)

50

50

30

33.3

24

29

gsm (13 Kbps)

33

33

20

50

30

37

gsm (12 Kbps)

32

32

20

50

29

37

G.Clear (64 Kbps)

80

160

20

50

80

88

GSM AMR

—

—

—

—

15

15

ISAC (32 Kbps)

—

—

—

—

37

37

Aacld (mpeg4)

—

—

—

—

Derived from the SDP bandwidth attribute (TIAS)

Derived from the SDP bandwidth attribute (TIAS)

Table 2 Fax Bandwidth Table

T.38 Fax Bit Rate

Redundancy

Maximum Bandwidth in Kbps

2400

None

8

2400

Redundancy

17

9600 (default)

None

16

9600 (default)

Redundancy

46

14400

None

20

14400

Redundancy

65

33600

None

40

33600

Redundancy

142

How to Configure Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

Configuring Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control at the Interface Level

You can configure the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature at the interface level to reject SIP calls when the bandwidth required for the call exceeds the aggregate bandwidth threshold.

You can configure the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature for the following interfaces:

  • ATM
  • Ethernet (Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet)
  • Loopback
  • Serial

Note

Cisco recommends that you configure a bind media to associate a specific interface for SIP calls. Otherwise, the interface used for the calls will be determined based on the best local address that can access the remote media source address (for early offer calls) or the remote signaling source address (for delayed offer calls). When you use a Loopback interface to configure CAC, you must configure an additional bind-to-bind media with the Loopback interface at the global level or the dial peer level. Configure the bind media source-interface loopback number command in service SIP configuration mode to configure a bind media.

SUMMARY STEPS

    1.    enable

    2.    configure terminal

    3.    call threshold interface type number int-bandwidth {class-map name [l2-overhead percentage] | low low-threshold high high-threshold} [midcall-exceed]

    4.    end


DETAILED STEPS
      Command or Action Purpose
    Step 1 enable


    Example: 
    Device> enable
     

    Enables privileged EXEC mode.

    • Enter your password if prompted.
     
    Step 2 configure terminal


    Example: 
    Device# configure terminal
     

    Enters global configuration mode.

     
    Step 3 call threshold interface type number int-bandwidth {class-map name [l2-overhead percentage] | low low-threshold high high-threshold} [midcall-exceed]


    Example: 
    Device(config)# call threshold interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 int-bandwidth low 1000 high 20000 midcall-exceed

or

Device(config)# call threshold interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 int-bandwidth class-map voip-traffic l2-overhead 20 midcall-exceed
     

    Configures the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature at the interface level to reject SIP calls when the bandwidth required for the calls exceed the aggregate bandwidth threshold.

    • You can configure the call threshold interface type number low low-threshold high high-threshold [midcall-exceed] command to apply call admission control to reject SIP calls once the accounted bandwidth reaches the high-threshold value and continues to be above the low-threshold value.
    • You can configure the call threshold interface type number int-bandwidth class-map name [l2-overhead percentage] [midcall-exceed] command to use the bandwidth value provisioned in the QoS policy under the interface for VoIP media traffic for CAC. See the Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface Overview document at http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​en/​US/​docs/​ios/​12_2/​qos/​configuration/​guide/​qcfmdcli.html for information on the usage of the QoS policy with Call Admission Control.
    • SIP calls are rejected when the calculated aggregate bandwidth of VoIP media traffic on the specified interface exceeds the configured bandwidth threshold.
     
    Step 4 end


    Example: 
    Device(config)# end
     

    Exits global configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

     

    Configuring Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control at the Dial Peer Level

    You can configure the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature at the dial peer level to reject SIP calls when the bandwidth required for the calls exceeds the aggregate bandwidth threshold.

    SUMMARY STEPS

      1.    enable

      2.    configure terminal

      3.    dial-peer voice tag voip

      4.    session protocol sipv2

      5.    max-bandwidth bandwidth-value [midcall-exceed]

      6.    end


    DETAILED STEPS
        Command or Action Purpose
      Step 1 enable


      Example: 
      Device> enable
       

      Enables privileged EXEC mode.

      • Enter your password if prompted.
       
      Step 2 configure terminal


      Example: 
      Device# configure terminal
       

      Enters global configuration mode.

       
      Step 3 dial-peer voice tag voip


      Example: 
      Device(config)# dial-peer voice 44 voip
       

      Enters dial peer voice configuration mode.

       
      Step 4 session protocol sipv2


      Example: 
      Device(config-dial-peer)# session protocol sipv2
       

      Configures the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature for SIP dial peers only.

       
      Step 5 max-bandwidth bandwidth-value [midcall-exceed]


      Example: 
      Device(config-dial-peer)# max-bandwidth 24 midcall-exceed
       

      Configures the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature at the dial peer level to reject SIP calls when the bandwidth required for the calls exceed the aggregate bandwidth threshold.

      • Configuring the midcall-exceed keyword allows exceeding the bandwidth threshold during mid-call media renegotiation. Media renegotiation exceeding the bandwidth threshold is rejected by default.
       
      Step 6 end


      Example: 
      Device(config-dial-peer)# end
       

      Exits dial peer configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

       

      Configuring the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control SIP Error Response Code Mapping

      Mapping of the call rejection cause code to a specific SIP error response code is known as error response code mapping. The cause code for the call rejected because of the bandwidth-based CAC can be mapped to a SIP error response code between 400 to 600. The default SIP error response code is 488.

      You can configure SIP error response codes for calls rejected by the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature at the global level, dial peer level, or both.

      Configuring Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control SIP Error Response Code Mapping at the Global Level

      SUMMARY STEPS

        1.    enable

        2.    configure terminal

        3.    voice service voip

        4.    sip

        5.    error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure sip-status-code-number

        6.    end


      DETAILED STEPS
          Command or Action Purpose
        Step 1 enable


        Example: 
        Device> enable
         

        Enables privileged EXEC mode.

        • Enter your password if prompted.
         
        Step 2 configure terminal


        Example: 
        Device# configure terminal
         

        Enters global configuration mode.

         
        Step 3 voice service voip


        Example: 
        Device(config)# voice service voip
         

        Enters voice-service configuration mode.

         
        Step 4 sip


        Example: 
        Device(conf-voi-serv)# sip
         

        Enters service SIP configuration mode.

         
        Step 5 error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure sip-status-code-number


        Example: 
        Device(conf-serv-sip)# error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure 500
         

        Configures bandwidth-based CAC SIP error response code mapping at the global level.

         
        Step 6 end


        Example: 
        Device(conf-serv-sip)# end
         

        Exits service SIP configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

         

        Configuring Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control SIP Error Response Code Mapping at the Dial Peer Level

        SUMMARY STEPS

          1.    enable

          2.    configure terminal

          3.    dial-peer voice tag {pots | voatm | vofr | voip}

          4.    voice-class sip error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure {sip-status-code-number | system}

          5.    end


        DETAILED STEPS
            Command or Action Purpose
          Step 1 enable


          Example: 
          Device> enable
           

          Enables privileged EXEC mode.

          • Enter your password if prompted.
           
          Step 2 configure terminal


          Example: 
          Device# configure terminal
           

          Enters global configuration mode.

           
          Step 3 dial-peer voice tag {pots | voatm | vofr | voip}


          Example: 
          Device(config)# dial-peer voice 88 voip
           

          Enters dial peer voice configuration mode.

           
          Step 4 voice-class sip error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure {sip-status-code-number | system}

          Example: 
          Device(config-dial-peer)# voice-class sip error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure 500
           

          Configures bandwidth-based CAC SIP error response code mapping at the dial peer level.

           
          Step 5 end


          Example: 
          Device(config-dial-peer)# end
           

          Exits dial peer configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

           

          Verifying Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

          Perform this task to verify the configuration for the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature on Cisco UBE. The show commands need not be entered in any specific order.

          SUMMARY STEPS

            1.    enable

            2.    show call threshold config

            3.    show call threshold status

            4.    show call threshold stats

            5.    show dial-peer voice


          DETAILED STEPS
            Step 1   enable


            Example: 
            Device>enable

            Enables privileged EXEC mode.

            Step 2   show call threshold config


            Example: 
            Device# show call threshold config

Some resource polling interval:
  CPU_AVG interval: 60
  Memory interval:  5

IF                  Type            Value   Low     High    Enable
-----               ----            -----   ----    ----    ------
GigabitEthernet0/0  int-bandwidth   0       100     400      N/A

            Displays the current call threshold configuration at the interface level for all resources.

            Step 3   show call threshold status


            Example: 
            Device# show call threshold status 

Status  IF                  Type            Value   Low     High    Enable
------  ---                 ------          ----    ----    ----    -----
Avail   GigabitEthernet0/0  int-bandwidth   0       100     400      N/A

            Displays the availability status of resources that are configured when the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature is enabled at an interface level.

            Step 4   show call threshold stats


            Example: 
            Device# show call threshold stats

Total resource check: 2
successful: 1
 failed:   1

1: ------------------------
  Failed resources: int-bandwidth,
  related interface: GigabitEthernet0/0; related option:N/A
  Recorded time: 04:49:39 UTC Wed Dec 8 2010
2: ------------------------
Successful
  All resources are available for this check.
  Recorded time: 04:29:39 UTC Wed Dec 8 2010

            Displays the statistics of resources that are configured when the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature is enabled at an interface level.

            Step 5   show dial-peer voice


            Example: 
            Device# show dial-peer voice 

incoming called-number = `2000', connections/maximum = 0/unlimited,
bandwidth/maximum = 0/400,
…….
Successful Calls = 0, Failed Calls = 0, Incomplete Calls = 0
Accepted Calls = 3, Refused Calls = 0,
Bandwidth CAC Accepted Calls = 3, Bandwidth CAC Refused Calls = 0

            Displays information for the voice dial peer.

            Troubleshooting Tips

            The following commands can help troubleshoot the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature:
            • debug ccsip all
            • debug voice ccapi all

            Configuration Examples for Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

            Example: Configuring Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control at the Interface Level

            The following example shows how to configure Cisco UBE to reject new SIP calls if the accounted VoIP media bandwidth on Gigabit Ethernet interface 0/0 exceeds 400 Kbps of bandwidth and continues to have a bandwidth above 100 Kbps: 

            Device> enable
Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# call threshold interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 int-bandwidth low 100 high 400

            The following example shows how to configure Cisco UBE to reject new SIP calls if the VoIP media bandwidth on Gigabit Ethernet interface 0/0 exceeds the configured bandwidth for priority traffic in the “voip_traffic” class: 

            Device>enable 
Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# class-map match-all voip-traffic

Device(config-cmap)# policy-map voip-policy 
Device(config-pmap)# class voip-traffic 
Device(config-pmap-c)# priority 440 
Device(config-pmap-c)# end

Device# enaconfigure terminalble
Device(config)# call threshold interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 int-bandwidth class-map voip-traffic l2-overhead 10

            Note

            Layer 2 overhead of 10 percent in the call threshold command indicates that the IP bandwidth, excluding Layer 2, is 90 percent of the configured priority bandwidth.

            Example: Configuring Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control at the Dial Peer Level

            The following example shows how to configure Cisco UBE to reject calls once the accounted aggregate bandwidth of active calls exceeds 400 Kbps for a SIP dial peer: 

            Device> enable
Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# dial-peer voice 2000 voip
Device(config)# session protocol sipv2
Device(config-dial-peer)# max-bandwidth 400

            Example: Configuring the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control SIP Error Response Code Mapping at the Global Level

            The following example shows how to configure Cisco UBE for bandwidth-based CAC SIP error response code mapping at the global level: 

            Device> enable
Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# voice service voip
Device(conf-voi-serv)# sip
Device(conf-serv-sip)# error-code-override cac-bandwidth 500

            Example: Configuring the Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control SIP Error Response Code Mapping at the Dial Peer Level

            The following example shows how to configure Cisco UBE for bandwidth-based CAC SIP error response code mapping at the dial peer level: 

            Device> enable
Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# dial-peer voice 88 voip
Device(config-dial-peer)# voice-class sip error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure 500

            Feature Information for Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

            The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

            Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

            Table 3 Feature Information for Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

            Feature Name

            Releases

            Feature Information

            Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

            15.2(2)T

            The Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature provides the functionality to reject SIP calls when the bandwidth accounted by the SIP signaling layer exceeds the aggregate bandwidth threshold for VoIP media traffic—voice, video, and fax. This functionality helps prevent QoS degradation of VoIP media traffic for existing calls when the bandwidth allocated for VoIP traffic is fully utilized.

            The following commands were introduced or modified:

            call threshold interface, error-code-override, max-bandwidth, show call threshold, voice-class sip

            Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control

            Cisco IOS XE Release 3.7S

            The Bandwidth-Based Call Admission Control feature provides the functionality to reject SIP calls when the bandwidth accounted by the SIP signaling layer exceeds the aggregate bandwidth threshold for VoIP media traffic—voice, video, and fax. This functionality helps prevent QoS degradation of VoIP media traffic for existing calls when the bandwidth allocated for VoIP traffic is fully utilized.

            The following commands were introduced or modified:

            call threshold interface, error-code-override, max-bandwidth, show call threshold, voice-class sip