Malware

What is the intent of malware?

Malware is developed as harmful software that invades or corrupts your computer network. The goal of malware is to cause havoc and steal information or resources for monetary gain or sheer sabotage intent. 

Intelligence and intrusion

Exfiltrates data such as emails, plans and especially sensitive information like passwords.

Disruption and extortion

Locks up networks and PCs, making them unusable. If it holds your computer hostage for financial gain, it's called ransomware.

Destruction or vandalism

Destroys computer systems to damage your network infrastructure.

Steal computer resources

Uses your computing power to run botnets, cryptomining programs (cryptojacking) or send spam emails.

Monetary gain

Sells your organisation's intellectual property on the dark web.

How do I protect my network against malware?

Typically, businesses focus on preventative tools to stop breaches. By securing the perimeter, businesses assume they are safe. However, some advanced malware will eventually make their way into your network. As a result, it is crucial to deploy technologies that continually monitor and detect malware that has evaded perimeter defences. Sufficient advanced malware protection requires multiple layers of safeguards along with high-level network visibility and intelligence.

How do I detect and respond to malware?

Malware will inevitably penetrate your network. You must have defences that provide significant visibility and breach detection. To remove malware, you must be able to identify malicious actors quickly. This requires constant network scanning. Once the threat is identified, you must remove the malware from your network. Today's anti-virus products are not enough to protect against advanced cyberthreats. 

Learn how to update your anti-virus strategy

Inside Cisco Talos Threat Hunters

Discover how Cisco Talos threat hunters identify new and evolving threats in the wild, and how their research and intelligence helps organisations build strong defences.

7 types of malware

Virus

Viruses are a subgroup of malware. A virus is malicious software attached to a document or file that supports macros to execute its code and spread from host to host. Once downloaded, the virus will lie dormant until the file is opened and in use. Viruses are designed to disrupt a system's ability to operate. As a result, viruses can cause significant operational issues and data loss.

Worms

A worm is a type of malicious software that rapidly replicates and spreads to any device within the network. Unlike viruses, worms do not need host programs to disseminate. A worm infects a device through a downloaded file or a network connection before it multiplies and disperses at an exponential rate. Like viruses, worms can severely disrupt the operations of a device and cause data loss.

Trojan virus

Trojan viruses are disguised as helpful software programs. But once the user downloads it, the Trojan virus can gain access to sensitive data and then modify, block or delete the data. This can be extremely harmful to the performance of the device. Unlike normal viruses and worms, Trojan viruses are not designed to self-replicate.

Spyware

Spyware is malicious software that runs secretly on a computer and reports back to a remote user. Rather than simply disrupting a device's operations, spyware targets sensitive information and can grant remote access to predators. Spyware is often used to steal financial or personal information. A specific type of spyware is a keylogger, which records your keystrokes to reveal passwords and personal information.

Adware

Adware is malicious software used to collect data on your computer usage and provide appropriate advertisements to you. While adware is not always dangerous, in some cases adware can cause issues for your system. Adware can redirect your browser to unsafe sites, and it can even contain Trojan horses and spyware. Additionally, significant levels of adware can slow down your system noticeably. Because not all adware is malicious, it is important to have protection that constantly and intelligently scans these programs.

Ransomware

Ransomware is malicious software that gains access to sensitive information within a system, encrypts that information so that the user cannot access it and then demands a financial payout for the data to be released. Ransomware is commonly part of a phishing scam. By clicking a disguised link, the user downloads the ransomware. The attacker proceeds to encrypt specific information that can only be opened by a mathematical key they know. When the attacker receives payment, the data is unlocked.

Fileless malware

Fileless malware is a type of memory-resident malware. As the term suggests, it is malware that operates from a victim's computer's memory, not from files on the hard drive. Because there are no files to scan, it is harder to detect than traditional malware. It also makes forensics more difficult because the malware disappears when the victim computer is rebooted. In late 2017, the Cisco Talos threat intelligence team posted an example of fileless malware that they called DNSMessenger.

What are the benefits of advanced malware protection?

Advanced malware can take the form of common malware that has been modified to increase its capability to infect. It can also test for conditions of a sandbox meant to block malicious files and attempt to fool security software into signalling that it is not malware. Advanced malware protection software is designed to prevent, detect and help remove threats in an efficient manner from computer system.

Types of advanced malware protection