[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.3 T

IPSec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Hierarchical Navigation

Downloads

 Feedback

Table Of Contents

IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Finding Feature Information

Contents

Restrictions for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Information About IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Benefits of Using IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

Static Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Life Cycle

Routing with IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

Traffic Encryption with the IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Per-User Attribute Support for Easy VPN Servers

Local Easy VPN AAA Server

Remote Easy VPN AAA Server

Per-User Attributes

How to Configure IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Configuring Static IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

Configuring Dynamic IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

Configuring Per-User Attributes on a Local Easy VPN AAA Server

Configuration Examples for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with IPsec: Example

Verifying the Results for the IPsec Static Virtual Tunnel Interface: Example

VRF-Aware Static Virtual Tunnel Interface: Example

Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with QoS: Example

Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with Virtual Firewall: Example

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Server: Example

Verifying the Results for the Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Server: Example

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Client: Example

Verifying the Results for the Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Client: Example

VRF-Aware IPsec with Dynamic VTI: Example

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface with Virtual Firewall: Example

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface with QoS: Example

Per-User Attributes on an Easy VPN Server: Example

Additional References

Related Documents

Standards

MIBs

RFCs

Technical Assistance

Feature Information for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface


IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

First Published: October 18, 2004
Last Updated: January 5, 2011

IP security (IPsec) virtual tunnel interfaces (VTIs) provide a routable interface type for terminating IPsec tunnels and an easy way to define protection between sites to form an overlay network. IPsec VTIs simplify configuration of IPsec for protection of remote links, support multicast, and simplify network management and load balancing.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the "Feature Information for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface" section.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Contents

•Restrictions for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

•Information About IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

•How to Configure IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

•Configuration Examples for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

•Additional References

•Feature Information for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Restrictions for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

IPsec Transform Set

The IPsec transform set must be configured in tunnel mode only.

IKE Security Association

The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) security association (SA) is bound to the VTI. Because IKE SA is bound to the VTI, the same IKE SA cannot be used for a crypto map.

IPsec SA Traffic Selectors

Static VTIs support only a single IPsec SA that is attached to the VTI interface. The traffic selector for the IPsec SA is always "IP any any."

A dynamic VTI also is a point-point interface that supports only a single IPsec SA, but the dynamic VTI is flexible in that it can accept the IPsec selectors that are proposed by the initiator.

Proxy

Static VTIs support only the "IP any any" proxy.

Dynamic VTIs support only one proxy, which can be "IP any any" or any subset of it.

QoS Traffic Shaping

The shaped traffic is process switched.

Stateful Failover

IPsec stateful failover is not supported with IPsec VTIs.

Tunnel Protection

The shared keyword is not required and must not be configured when using the tunnel mode ipsec ipv4 command for IPsec IPv4 mode.

Static VTIs Versus GRE Tunnels

The IPsec VTI is limited to IP unicast and multicast traffic only, as opposed to GRE tunnels, which have a wider application for IPsec implementation.

VRF-Aware IPsec Configuration

In VRF-aware IPsec configurations with either static or dynamic VTIs (DVTIs), the VRF must not be configured in the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) profile. Instead, the VRF must be configured on the tunnel interface for static VTIs. For DVTIs, you must apply VRF to the virtual template using the ip vrf forwarding command.

Information About IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

The use of IPsec VTIs both greatly simplifies the configuration process when you need to provide protection for remote access and provides a simpler alternative to using generic routing encapsulation (GRE) or Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnels for encapsulation and crypto maps with IPsec. A major benefit associated with IPsec VTIs is that the configuration does not require a static mapping of IPsec sessions to a physical interface. The IPsec tunnel endpoint is associated with an actual (virtual) interface. Because there is a routable interface at the tunnel endpoint, many common interface capabilities can be applied to the IPsec tunnel.

The IPsec VTI allows for the flexibility of sending and receiving both IP unicast and multicast encrypted traffic on any physical interface, such as in the case of multiple paths. Traffic is encrypted or decrypted when it is forwarded from or to the tunnel interface and is managed by the IP routing table. Using IP routing to forward the traffic to the tunnel interface simplifies the IPsec VPN configuration compared to the more complex process of using access control lists (ACLs) with the crypto map in native IPsec configurations. DVTIs function like any other real interface so that you can apply quality of service (QoS), firewall, and other security services as soon as the tunnel is active.

Without Virtual Private Network (VPN) Acceleration Module2+ (VAM2+) accelerating virtual interfaces, the packet traversing an IPsec virtual interface is directed to the router processor (RP) for encapsulation. This method tends to be slow and has limited scalability. In hardware crypto mode, all the IPsec VTIs are accelerated by the VAM2+ crypto engine, and all traffic going through the tunnel is encrypted and decrypted by the VAM2+.

The following sections provide details about the IPsec VTI:

•Benefits of Using IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

•Static Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

•Static Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

•Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

•Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Life Cycle

•Traffic Encryption with the IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

•Per-User Attribute Support for Easy VPN Servers

Benefits of Using IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

IPsec VTIs allow you to configure a virtual interface to which you can apply features. Features for clear-text packets are configured on the VTI. Features for encrypted packets are applied on the physical outside interface. When IPsec VTIs are used, you can separate the application of features such as NAT, ACLs, and QoS and apply them to clear-text or encrypted text, or both. When crypto maps are used, there is no simple way to apply encryption features to the IPsec tunnel.

There are two types of VTI interfaces: static VTIs (SVTIs) and dynamic VTIs (DVTIs).

Static Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

SVTI configurations can be used for site-to-site connectivity in which a tunnel provides always-on access between two sites. The advantage of using SVTIs as opposed to crypto map configurations is that users can enable dynamic routing protocols on the tunnel interface without the extra 4 bytes required for GRE headers, thus reducing the bandwidth for sending encrypted data.

Additionally, multiple Cisco  IOS software features can be configured directly on the tunnel interface and on the physical egress interface of the tunnel interface. This direct configuration allows users to have solid control on the application of the features in the pre- or post-encryption path.

Figure 1 illustrates how a static VTI is used.

Figure 1 IPsec Static VTI

The IPsec VTI supports native IPsec tunneling and exhibits most of the properties of a physical interface.

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

DVTIs can provide highly secure and scalable connectivity for remote-access VPNs. The DVTI technology replaces dynamic crypto maps and the dynamic hub-and-spoke method for establishing tunnels.

Dynamic VTIs can be used for both the server and remote configuration. The tunnels provide an on-demand separate virtual access interface for each VPN session. The configuration of the virtual access interfaces is cloned from a virtual template configuration, which includes the IPsec configuration and any Cisco IOS software feature configured on the virtual template interface, such as QoS, NetFlow, or ACLs.

Dynamic VTIs function like any other real interface so that you can apply QoS, firewall, other security services as soon as the tunnel is active. QoS features can be used to improve the performance of various applications across the network. Any combination of QoS features offered in Cisco IOS software can be used to support voice, video, or data applications.

Dynamic VTIs provide efficiency in the use of IP addresses and provide secure connectivity. Dynamic VTIs allow dynamically downloadable per-group and per-user policies to be configured on a RADIUS server. The per-group or per-user definition can be created using extended authentication (Xauth) User or Unity group, or it can be derived from a certificate. Dynamic VTIs are standards based, so interoperability in a multiple-vendor environment is supported. IPsec DVTIs allow you to create highly secure connectivity for remote access VPNs and can be combined with Cisco Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data (AVVID) to deliver converged voice, video, and data over IP networks. The DVTI simplifies Virtual Private Network (VRF) routing and forwarding- (VRF-) aware IPsec deployment. The VRF is configured on the interface.

A DVTI requires minimal configuration on the router. A single virtual template can be configured and cloned.

The DVTI creates an interface for IPsec sessions and uses the virtual template infrastructure for dynamic instantiation and management of dynamic IPsec VTIs. The virtual template infrastructure is extended to create dynamic virtual-access tunnel interfaces. Dynamic VTIs are used in hub-and-spoke configurations. A single DVTI can support several static VTIs. Figure 2 illustrates the DVTI authentication path.

Figure 2 Dynamic IPsec VTI

The authentication shown in Figure 2 follows this path:

1. User 1 calls the router.

2. Router 1 authenticates User 1.

3. IPsec clones virtual access interface from virtual template interface.

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Life Cycle

IPsec profiles define policy for dynamic VTIs. The dynamic interface is created at the end of IKE Phase 1 and IKE Phase 1.5. The interface is deleted when the IPsec session to the peer is closed. The IPsec session is closed when both IKE and IPsec SAs to the peer are deleted.

Routing with IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

Because VTIs are routable interfaces, routing plays an important role in the encryption process. Traffic is encrypted only if it is forwarded out of the VTI, and traffic arriving on the VTI is decrypted and routed accordingly. VTIs allow you to establish an encryption tunnel using a real interface as the tunnel endpoint. You can route to the interface or apply services such as QoS, firewalls, network address translation, and Netflow statistics as you would to any other interface. You can monitor the interface, route to it, and it has an advantage over crypto maps because it is a real interface and provides the benefits of any other regular Cisco IOS interface.

Traffic Encryption with the IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

When an IPsec VTI is configured, encryption occurs in the tunnel. Traffic is encrypted when it is forwarded to the tunnel interface. Traffic forwarding is handled by the IP routing table, and dynamic or static routing can be used to route traffic to the SVTI. DVTI uses reverse route injection to further simplify the routing configurations. Using IP routing to forward the traffic to encryption simplifies the IPsec VPN configuration because the use of ACLs with a crypto map in native IPsec configurations is not required. The IPsec virtual tunnel also allows you to encrypt multicast traffic with IPsec.

IPsec packet flow into the IPsec tunnel is illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Packet Flow into the IPsec Tunnel

After packets arrive on the inside interface, the forwarding engine switches the packets to the VTI, where they are encrypted. The encrypted packets are handed back to the forwarding engine, where they are switched through the outside interface.

Figure 4 shows the packet flow out of the IPsec tunnel.

Figure 4 Packet Flow out of the IPsec Tunnel

Per-User Attribute Support for Easy VPN Servers

The Per-User Attribute Support for Easy VPN Servers feature provides users with the ability to support per-user attributes on Easy VPN servers. These attributes are applied on the virtual access interface.

Local Easy VPN AAA Server

For a local Easy VPN AAA server, the per-user attributes can be applied at the group level or at the user level using the command-line interface (CLI).

To configure per-user attributes for a local Easy VPN server, see "Configuring Per-User Attributes on a Local Easy VPN AAA Server."

Remote Easy VPN AAA Server

Attribute value (AV) pairs can be defined on a remote Easy VPN AAA server as shown in this example: 

cisco-avpair = "ip:outacl#101=permit tcp any any established

Per-User Attributes

The following per-user attributes are currently defined in the AAA server and are applicable to IPsec:

•inacl

•interface-config

•outacl

•route

•rte-fltr-in

•rte-fltr-out

•sub-policy-In

•sub-policy-Out

•policy-route

•prefix

How to Configure IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

•Configuring Static IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

•Configuring Dynamic IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

•Configuring Per-User Attributes on a Local Easy VPN AAA Server

Configuring Static IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

This configuration shows how to configure a static IPsec VTI.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. crypto IPsec profile profile-name

4. set transform-set transform-set-name

5. interface type number

6. ip address address mask

7. tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

8. tunnel source interface

9. tunnel destination ip-address

10. tunnel protection IPsec profile profile-name [shared]

DETAILED STEPS

 
Command or Action
Purpose

Step 1 

enable

Example:

Router> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

•Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2 

configure terminal

Example:

Router# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3 

crypto IPsec profile profile-name

Example:

Router(config)# crypto IPsec profile PROF

Defines the IPsec parameters that are to be used for IPsec encryption between two IPsec routers.

Step 4 

set transform-set transform-set-name [transform-set-name2...transform-set-name6]

Example:

Router(config)# set transform-set tset

Specifies which transform sets can be used with the crypto map entry.

Step 5 

interface type number

Example:

Router(config)# interface tunnel0

Specifies the interface on which the tunnel will be configured and enters interface configuration mode.

Step 6 

ip address address mask

Example:

Router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

Specifies the IP address and mask.

Step 7 

tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

Example:

Router(config-if)# tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

Defines the mode for the tunnel.

Step 8 

tunnel source interface

Example:

Router(config-if)# tunnel source loopback0

Specifies the tunnel source as a loopback interface.

Step 9 

tunnel destination ip-address

Example:

Router(config-if)# tunnel destination 172.16.1.1

Identifies the IP address of the tunnel destination.

Step 10 

tunnel protection IPsec profile profile-name [shared]

Example:

Router(config-if)# tunnel protection IPsec profile PROF

Associates a tunnel interface with an IPsec profile.

Configuring Dynamic IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interfaces

This task shows how to configure a dynamic IPsec VTI.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. crypto IPsec profile profile-name

4. set transform-set transform-set-name

5. interface virtual-template number

6. tunnel mode mode

7. tunnel protection IPsec profile profile-name [shared]

8. exit

9. crypto isakamp profile profile-name

10. virtual-template template-number

DETAILED STEPS

 
Command or Action
Purpose

Step 1 

enable

Example:

Router> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

•Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2 

configure terminal

Example:

Router# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3 

crypto IPsec profile profile-name

Example:

Router(config)# crypto IPsec profile PROF

Defines the IPsec parameters that are to be used for IPsec encryption between two IPsec routers.

Step 4 

set transform-set transform-set-name [transform-set-name2...transform-set-name6]

Example:

Router(config)# set transform-set tset

Specifies which transform sets can be used with the crypto map entry.

Step 5 

interface virtual-template number

Example:

Router(config)# interface virtual-template 2

Defines a virtual-template tunnel interface and enters interface configuration mode.

Step 6 

tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

Example:

Router(config-if)# tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

Defines the mode for the tunnel.

Step 7 

tunnel protection IPsec profile profile-name [shared]

Example:

Router(config-if)# tunnel protection IPsec profile PROF

Associates a tunnel interface with an IPsec profile.

Step 8 

exit

Example:

Router(config-if)# exit

Exits interface configuration mode.

Step 9 

crypto isakamp profile profile-name

Example:

Router(config)# crypto isakamp profile red

Defines the ISAKAMP profile to be used for the virtual template.

Step 10 

virtual-template template-number

Example:

Router(config)# virtual-template 1

Specifies the virtual template attached to the ISAKAMP profile.

Configuring Per-User Attributes on a Local Easy VPN AAA Server

To configure per-user attributes on a local Easy VPN AAA server, perform the following steps.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. aaa attribute list list-name

4. attribute type name value [service service] [protocol protocol]

5. exit

6. crypto isakmp client configuration group group-name

7. crypto aaa attribute list list-name

DETAILED STEPS

 
Command or Action
Purpose

Step 1 

enable

Example:

Router> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

•Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2 

configure terminal

Example:

Router# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3 

aaa attribute list list-name

Example:

Router(config)# aaa attribute list list1

Defines a AAA attribute list locally on a router and enters attribute list configuration mode.

Step 4 

attribute type name value [service service] [protocol protocol]

Example:

Router(config-attr-list)# attribute type attribute xxxx service ike protocol ip

Defines an attribute type that is to be added to an attribute list locally on a router.

Step 5 

exit

Example:

Router(config-attr-list)# exit

Exits attribute list configuration mode.

Step 6 

crypto isakmp client configuration group group-name

Example:

Router (config)# crypto isakmp client configuration group group1

Specifies to which group a policy profile will be defined and enters ISAKMP group configuration mode.

Step 7 

crypto aaa attribute list list-name

Example:

Router (config-isakmp-group)# crypto aaa attribute list listname1

Defines a AAA attribute list locally on a router.

Configuration Examples for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

The following examples are provided to illustrate configuration scenarios for IPsec VTIs:

•Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with IPsec: Example

•VRF-Aware Static Virtual Tunnel Interface: Example

•Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with QoS: Example

•Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with Virtual Firewall: Example

•Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Server: Example

•Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Client: Example

•VRF-Aware IPsec with Dynamic VTI: Example

•Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface with Virtual Firewall: Example

•Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface with QoS: Example

•Per-User Attributes on an Easy VPN Server: Example

Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with IPsec: Example

The following example configuration uses a preshared key for authentication between peers. VPN traffic is forwarded to the IPsec VTI for encryption and then sent out the physical interface. The tunnel on subnet 10 checks packets for IPsec policy and passes them to the Crypto Engine (CE) for IPsec encapsulation. Figure 5 illustrates the IPsec VTI configuration.

Figure 5 VTI with IPsec

C7206 Router Configuration 

version 12.3


service timestamps debug datetime

service timestamps log datetime

hostname 7200-3

no aaa new-model

ip subnet-zero

ip cef

controller ISA 6/1

!

crypto isakmp policy 1

encr 3des

authentication pre-share

group 2

crypto isakmp key Cisco12345 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

crypto IPsec transform-set T1 esp-3des esp-sha-hmac

crypto IPsec profile P1

set transform-set T1

!



interface Tunnel0

 ip address 10.0.51.203 255.255.255.0

 ip ospf mtu-ignore

 load-interval 30

 tunnel source 10.0.149.203

 tunnel destination 10.0.149.217

 tunnel mode IPsec ipv4

 tunnel protection IPsec profile P1

!

interface Ethernet3/0

 ip address 10.0.149.203 255.255.255.0

 duplex full

!

interface Ethernet3/3

 ip address 10.0.35.203 255.255.255.0

 duplex full

!

ip classless

ip route 10.0.36.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0

line con 0

line aux 0

line vty 0 4

end

C1750 Router Configuration 

version 12.3


hostname c1750-17

no aaa new-model

ip subnet-zero

ip cef

crypto isakmp policy 1

encr 3des

authentication pre-share

group 2


crypto isakmp key Cisco12345 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

crypto IPsec transform-set T1 esp-3des esp-sha-hmac

crypto IPsec profile P1

set transform-set T1

!

interface Tunnel0

 ip address 10.0.51.217 255.255.255.0

 ip ospf mtu-ignore

 tunnel source 10.0.149.217

 tunnel destination 10.0.149.203

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile P1

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.0.149.217 255.255.255.0

 speed 100

 full-duplex

!

interface Ethernet1/0

 ip address 10.0.36.217 255.255.255.0

 load-interval 30

 full-duplex

!



ip classless

ip route 10.0.35.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0

line con 0

line aux 0

line vty 0 4

end

Verifying the Results for the IPsec Static Virtual Tunnel Interface: Example

This section provides information that you can use to confirm that your configuration is working properly. In this display, Tunnel 0 is "up," and the line protocol is "up." If the line protocol is "down," the session is not active.

Verifying the C7206 Status 

Router# show interface tunnel 0


Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is Tunnel

Internet address is 10.0.51.203/24

MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 103/255, rxload 110/255

Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set

Keepalive not set

Tunnel source 10.0.149.203, destination 10.0.149.217

Tunnel protocol/transport IPsec/IP, key disabled, sequencing disabled

Tunnel TTL 255


Checksumming of packets disabled, fast tunneling enabled

Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

Tunnel protection via IPsec (profile "P1")

Last input never, output never, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Input queue: 1/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)

30 second input rate 13000 bits/sec, 34 packets/sec

30 second output rate 36000 bits/sec, 34 packets/sec

191320 packets input, 30129126 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

59968 packets output, 15369696 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out


Router# show crypto session


Crypto session current status

Interface: Tunnel0

Session status: UP-ACTIVE

Peer: 10.0.149.217 port 500

IKE SA: local 10.0.149.203/500 remote 10.0.149.217/500 Active

IPsec FLOW: permit ip 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0

Active SAs: 4, origin: crypto map


Router# show ip route


Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.35.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet3/3

S 10.0.36.0/24 is directly connected, Tunnel0

C 10.0.51.0/24 is directly connected, Tunnel0

C 10.0.149.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet3/0

VRF-Aware Static Virtual Tunnel Interface: Example

To add VRF to the static VTI example, include the ipvrf and ip vrf forwarding commands to the configuration as shown in the following example.

C7206 Router Configuration 

hostname c7206

.

.

ip vrf sample-vti1

 rd 1:1

 route-target export 1:1

 route-target import 1:1

!

.

.

interface Tunnel0

 ip vrf forwarding sample-vti1

 ip address 10.0.51.217 255.255.255.0

 tunnel source 10.0.149.217

 tunnel destination 10.0.149.203

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile P1

.

.

!

end

Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with QoS: Example

You can apply any QoS policy to the tunnel endpoint by including the service-policy statement under the tunnel interface. The following example is policing traffic out the tunnel interface.

C7206 Router Configuration 

hostname c7206

.

.

class-map match-all VTI

 match any 

!

policy-map VTI

  class VTI

  police cir 2000000

    conform-action transmit 

    exceed-action drop 

!

.

.

interface Tunnel0

 ip address 10.0.51.217 255.255.255.0

 tunnel source 10.0.149.217

 tunnel destination 10.0.149.203

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile P1

 service-policy output VTI

!

.

.

!

end

Static Virtual Tunnel Interface with Virtual Firewall: Example

Applying the virtual firewall to the static VTI tunnel allows traffic from the spoke to pass through the hub to reach the internet. Figure 6 illustrates a static VTI with the spoke protected inherently by the corporate firewall.

Figure 6 Static VTI with Virtual Firewall

The basic static VTI configuration has been modified to include the virtual firewall definition.

C7206 Router Configuration 

hostname c7206

.

.

ip inspect max-incomplete high 1000000 

ip inspect max-incomplete low 800000 

ip inspect one-minute high 1000000

ip inspect one-minute low 800000 

ip inspect tcp synwait-time 60 

ip inspect tcp max-incomplete host 100000 block-time 2 

ip inspect name IOSFW1 tcp timeout 300

ip inspect name IOSFW1 udp

!

.

.

interface GigabitEthernet0/1

 description Internet Connection

 ip address 172.18.143.246 255.255.255.0

 ip access-group 100 in

 ip nat outside

!

interface Tunnel0

 ip address 10.0.51.217 255.255.255.0

 ip nat inside

 ip inspect IOSFW1 in

 tunnel source 10.0.149.217

 tunnel destination 10.0.149.203

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile P1

!

ip classless

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.18.143.1

!

ip nat translation timeout 120

ip nat translation finrst-timeout 2

ip nat translation max-entries 300000

ip nat pool test1 10.2.100.1 10.2.100.50 netmask 255.255.255.0

ip nat inside source list 110 pool test1 vrf test-vti1 overload

!

access-list 100 permit esp any any

access-list 100 permit udp any eq isakmp any

access-list 100 permit udp any eq non500-isakmp any

access-list 100 permit icmp any any

access-list 110 deny   esp any any

access-list 110 deny   udp any eq isakmp any

access-list 110 permit ip any any

access-list 110 deny   udp any eq non500-isakmp any

!

end

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Server: Example

The following example illustrates the use of the DVTI Easy VPN server, which serves as an IPsec remote access aggregator. The client can be a home user running a Cisco VPN client or it can be a Cisco IOS router configured as an Easy VPN client.

C7206 Router Configuration 

hostname c7206

!

aaa new-model

aaa authentication login local_list local

aaa authorization network local_list local 

aaa session-id common

!         

ip subnet-zero

ip cef

!

username cisco password 0 cisco123

!

controller ISA 1/1

!

crypto isakmp policy 1

 encr 3des

 authentication pre-share

 group 2

!

crypto isakmp client configuration group group1

 key cisco123

 pool group1pool

 save-password

!

crypto isakmp profile vpn1-ra

   match identity group group1

   client authentication list local_list

   isakmp authorization list local_list

   client configuration address respond

   virtual-template 1

!

crypto ipsec transform-set VTI-TS esp-3des esp-sha-hmac 

!

crypto ipsec profile test-vti1

 set transform-set VTI-TS 

!

interface GigabitEthernet0/1

 description Internet Connection

 ip address 172.18.143.246 255.255.255.0

!

interface GigabitEthernet0/2

 description Internal Network

 ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel

 ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet0/1

 ip virtual-reassembly

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile test-vti1

!

ip local pool group1pool 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.4

ip classless

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.18.143.1

!

end

Verifying the Results for the Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Server: Example

The following examples show that a dynamic VTI has been configured for an Easy VPN server. 

Router# show running-config interface Virtual-Access2


Building configuration...


Current configuration : 250 bytes

!

interface Virtual-Access2

 ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet0/1

 ip virtual-reassembly

 tunnel source 172.18.143.246

 tunnel destination 172.18.143.208

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile test-vti1

 no tunnel protection ipsec initiate

end


Router# show ip route


Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route


Gateway of last resort is 10.2.1.10 to network 0.0.0.0


     172.18.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       172.18.143.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

     192.168.1.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S       192.168.1.1 [1/0] via 0.0.0.0, Virtual-Access2

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       10.2.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.18.143.1

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Client: Example

The following example shows how you can set up a router as the Easy VPN client. This example uses basically the same idea as the Easy VPN client that you can run from a PC to connect. In fact, the configuration of the Easy VPN server will work for the software client or the Cisco IOS client. 

hostname c1841

!

no aaa new-model

!

ip cef

!

username cisco password 0 cisco123

!

crypto ipsec client ezvpn CLIENT

 connect manual

 group group1 key cisco123

 mode client

 peer 172.18.143.246

 virtual-interface 1

 username cisco password cisco123

 xauth userid mode local

!

interface Loopback0

 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 description Internet Connection

 ip address 172.18.143.208 255.255.255.0

 crypto ipsec client ezvpn CLIENT

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 10.1.1.252 255.255.255.0

 crypto ipsec client ezvpn CLIENT inside

!

interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel

 ip unnumbered Loopback0

!         

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.18.143.1

!

end

The client definition can be set up in many different ways. The mode specified with the connect command can be automatic or manual. If the connect mode is set to manual, the IPsec tunnel has to be initiated manually by a user.

Also note use of the mode command. The mode can be client, network-extension, or network-extension-plus. This example indicates client mode, which means that the client is given a private address from the server. Network-extension mode is different from client mode in that the client specifies for the server its attached private subnet. Depending on the mode, the routing table on either end will be slightly different. The basic operation of the IPSec tunnel remains the same, regardless of the specified mode.

Verifying the Results for the Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Easy VPN Client: Example

The following examples illustrate different ways to display the status of the DVTI. 

Router# show running-config interface Virtual-Access2


Building configuration...


Current configuration : 148 bytes

!

interface Virtual-Access2

 ip unnumbered Loopback1

 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

 tunnel destination 172.18.143.246

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

end


Router# show running-config interface Loopback1


Building configuration...


Current configuration : 65 bytes

!

interface Loopback1

 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255

end


Router# show ip route


Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route


Gateway of last resort is 172.18.143.1 to network 0.0.0.0


     10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       10.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

     172.18.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       172.18.143.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

     192.168.1.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       192.168.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.18.143.1

               [1/0] via 0.0.0.0, Virtual-Access2


Router# show crypto ipsec client ezvpn


Easy VPN Remote Phase: 6


Tunnel name : CLIENT

Inside interface list: FastEthernet0/1

Outside interface: Virtual-Access2 (bound to FastEthernet0/0)

Current State: IPSEC_ACTIVE

Last Event: SOCKET_UP

Address: 192.168.1.1

Mask: 255.255.255.255

Save Password: Allowed

Current EzVPN Peer: 172.18.143.246

VRF-Aware IPsec with Dynamic VTI: Example

This example shows how to configure VRF-Aware IPsec to take advantage of the dynamic VTI: 

hostname c7206

.

.

ip vrf test-vti1

 rd 1:1

 route-target export 1:1

 route-target import 1:1

!

.

.

interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel

 ip vrf forwarding test-vti1

 ip unnumbered Loopback0

 ip virtual-reassembly

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile test-vti1

!

.

.

end

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface with Virtual Firewall: Example

The DVTI Easy VPN server can be configured behind a virtual firewall. Behind-the-firewall configuration allows users to enter the network, while the network firewall is protected from unauthorized access. The virtual firewall uses Context-Based Access Control (CBAC) and NAT applied to the Internet interface as well as to the virtual template. 


hostname c7206

.

.

ip inspect max-incomplete high 1000000 

ip inspect max-incomplete low 800000 

ip inspect one-minute high 1000000

ip inspect one-minute low 800000 

ip inspect tcp synwait-time 60 

ip inspect tcp max-incomplete host 100000 block-time 2 

ip inspect name IOSFW1 tcp timeout 300

ip inspect name IOSFW1 udp

!

.

.

interface GigabitEthernet0/1

 description Internet Connection

 ip address 172.18.143.246 255.255.255.0

 ip access-group 100 in

 ip nat outside

!

interface GigabitEthernet0/2

 description Internal Network

 ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel

 ip unnumbered Loopback0

 ip nat inside

 ip inspect IOSFW1 in

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile test-vti1

!

ip classless

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.18.143.1

!

ip nat translation timeout 120

ip nat translation finrst-timeout 2

ip nat translation max-entries 300000

ip nat pool test1 10.2.100.1 10.2.100.50 netmask 255.255.255.0

ip nat inside source list 110 pool test1 vrf test-vti1 overload

!

access-list 100 permit esp any any

access-list 100 permit udp any eq isakmp any

access-list 100 permit udp any eq non500-isakmp any

access-list 100 permit icmp any any

access-list 110 deny   esp any any

access-list 110 deny   udp any eq isakmp any

access-list 110 permit ip any any

access-list 110 deny   udp any eq non500-isakmp any

!

end

Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface with QoS: Example

You can add QoS to the DVTI tunnel by applying the service policy to the virtual template. When the template is cloned to make the virtual-access interface, the service policy will be applied there. The following example shows the basic DVTI configuration with QoS added. 

hostname c7206

.

.

class-map match-all VTI

 match any 

!

policy-map VTI

  class VTI

  police cir 2000000

    conform-action transmit 

    exceed-action drop 

!

.

.

interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel

 ip vrf forwarding test-vti1

 ip unnumbered Loopback0

 ip virtual-reassembly

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile test-vti1

 service-policy output VTI

!

.

.

!

end

Per-User Attributes on an Easy VPN Server: Example

The following example shows that per-user attributes have been configured on an Easy VPN server. 

!


aaa new-model

!

!

aaa authentication login default local

aaa authentication login noAAA none

aaa authorization network default local 

!

aaa attribute list per-group

 attribute type inacl "per-group-acl" service ike protocol ip mandatory

!

aaa session-id common

!

resource policy

!

ip subnet-zero

!

!

ip cef

!

!

username example password 0 example

!

!

crypto isakmp policy 3

 authentication pre-share

 group 2

crypto isakmp xauth timeout 90

!

crypto isakmp client configuration group PerUserAAA

 key cisco

 pool dpool

 crypto aaa attribute list per-group

!

crypto isakmp profile vi

 match identity group PerUserAAA

 isakmp authorization list default

 client configuration address respond

 client configuration group PerUserAAA

 virtual-template 1

!

!

crypto ipsec transform-set set esp-3des esp-sha-hmac 

!

crypto ipsec profile vi

 set transform-set set 

 set isakmp-profile vi

!

!

interface GigabitEthernet0/0

 description 'EzVPN Peer'

 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.128

 duplex full

 speed 100

 media-type rj45

 no negotiation auto

!

interface GigabitEthernet0/1

 no ip address

 shutdown

 duplex auto

 speed auto

 media-type rj45

 no negotiation auto


interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel

 ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet0/0

 tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

 tunnel protection ipsec profile vi

!

ip local pool dpool 10.5.0.1 10.5.0.10

ip classless

!

no ip http server

no ip http secure-server

!

!

ip access-list extended per-group-acl

 permit tcp any any

 deny   icmp any any

logging alarm informational

logging trap debugging

!

control-plane

!

gatekeeper

 shutdown

!

line con 0

line aux 0

 stopbits 1

line vty 0 4

!

!

end

Additional References

The following sections provide references related to the IPsec virtual tunnel interface feature.

Related Documents


Standards

Standard
Title

None.

—


MIBs

MIB
MIBs Link

None.

To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs


RFCs

RFC
Title

RFC 2401

Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol

RFC 2408

Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol

RFC 2409

The Internet Key Exchange (IKE)


Technical Assistance

Description
Link

The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.

To receive security and technical information about your products, you can subscribe to various services, such as the Product Alert Tool (accessed from Field Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter, and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds.

Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html


Feature Information for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Table 1 lists the release history for this feature.

Not all commands may be available in your Cisco IOS software release. For release information about a specific command, see the command reference documentation.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and software image support. Cisco Feature Navigator enables you to determine which Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS software images support a specific software release, feature set, or platform. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Note Table 1 lists only the Cisco IOS software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given Cisco IOS software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that Cisco IOS software release train also support that feature.

Table 1

Feature Name
Releases
Feature Configuration Information

Static IPsec VTIs

12.3(7)T
12.3(14)T
12.2(33)SRA
12.2(33)SXH

IPsec VTIs (VTIs) provide a routable interface type for terminating IPsec tunnels and an easy way to define protection between sites to form an overlay network. IPsec VTIs simplify configuration of IPsec for protection of remote links, support multicast, and simplify network management and load balancing.

Static tunnel interfaces can be configured to encapsulate IPv6 or IPv4 packets in IPv6.

Dynamic IPsec VTIs

12.3(7)T
12.3(14)T

Dynamic VTIs provide efficiency in the use of IP addresses and provide secure connectivity. Dynamic VTIs allow dynamically downloadable per-group and per-user policies to be configured on a RADIUS server. The per-group or per-user definition can be created using Xauth User or Unity group, or it can be derived from a certificate. Dynamic VTIs are standards based, so interoperability in a multiple-vendor environment is supported. IPsec dynamic VTIs allow you to create highly secure connectivity for remote access VPNs and can be combined with Cisco Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data (AVVID) to deliver converged voice, video, and data over IP networks. The dynamic VTI simplifies VRF-aware IPsec deployment. The VRF is configured on the interface.

Per-User Attribute Support for Easy VPN Servers

12.4(9)T

This feature provides per-user attribute support on an Easy VPN server.

The following sections provide information about this feature:

•"Per-User Attribute Support for Easy VPN Servers" section

The following commands were added or modified by this feature: crypto aaa attribute list and crypto isakmp client configuration group.


Feature Information for IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface

Cisco and the Cisco Logo are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. A listing of Cisco's trademarks can be found at www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1005R)

Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.

© 2005-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

[an error occurred while processing this directive]