Using the Device File Systems, Directories, and Files

This chapter contains the following sections:

About the Device File Systems, Directories, and Files

This section describes file systems, directories, and files on the Cisco NX-OS device.

File Systems

The syntax for specifying a local file system is filesystem:[//modules/] .

This table describes file systems that you can reference on your device.

Table 1. File System Syntax Components

File System Name

Module

Description

bootflash

sup-active

sup-local

Internal CompactFlash memory located on the active supervisor module used for storing image files, configuration files, and other miscellaneous files. The initial default directory is bootflash.

sup-standby

sup-remote

Internal CompactFlash memory located on the standby supervisor module used for storing image files, configuration files, and other miscellaneous files.

volatile

—

Volatile random-access memory (VRAM) located on a supervisor module used for temporary or pending changes.

log

—

Memory on the active supervisor that stores logging file statistics.

system

—

Memory on a supervisor module used for storing the running-configuration file.

debug

—

Memory on a supervisor module used for debug logs.

Directories

You can create directories on bootflash: and external flash memory (usb1: and usb2:). You can navigate through these directories and use them for files.

Files

You create and access files on bootflash:, volatile:, usb1:, and usb2: filesystems. You can only access files on the system: filesystem. You can use the log: filesystem for debug log files.

You can download files, such as the nx-os image file, from remote servers using FTP, Secure Copy (SCP), Secure Shell FTP (SFTP), and TFTP. You can also copy files from an external server to the device, because the device can act as an SCP server.

Guidelines and Limitations

Guidelines and limitations for device file systems, directories, and files are as follows:

  • The show tech-support details command cannot be terminated using Ctrl+Z. Instead, use Ctrl+C to terminate the command.

  • Utilize a user with the "network-admin" role to make changes to files in the bootflash.

Default Settings for File System Parameters

This table lists the default settings for the file system parameters.

Table 2. Default File System Settings

Parameters

Default

Default filesystem

bootflash:

Configuring the FTP, HTTP, or TFTP Source Interface

You can configure the source interface for the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), or Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). This configuration allows you to use the IP address associated with the configured source interface when copy packets are transferred.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. configure terminal
  2. [no] ip {ftp | http | tftp} source-interface {ethernet slot/port | loopback number}
  3. (Optional) copy running-config startup-config

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

[no] ip {ftp | http | tftp} source-interface {ethernet slot/port | loopback number}

Example:

switch(config)# ip tftp source-interface ethernet 2/1

Configures the source interface for all FTP, HTTP, or TFTP packets.

Step 3

(Optional) copy running-config startup-config

Example:

switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
 (Optional)

Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

Working with Directories

This section describes how to work with directories on the Cisco NX-OS device.

Identifying the Current Directory

You can display the directory name of your current directory.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. pwd

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

pwd

Example:

switch# pwd

Displays the name of your current directory.

Changing the Current Directory

You can change the current directory for file system operations. The initial default directory is bootflash:.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) pwd
  2. cd {directory | filesystem:[//module/][directory]}

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) pwd

Example:

switch# pwd
 (Optional)

Displays the name of your current default directory.

Step 2

cd {directory | filesystem:[//module/][directory]}

Example:

switch# cd usb1:

Changes to a new current directory. The file system, module, and directory names are case sensitive.

Creating a Directory

You can create directories in the bootflash: and flash device file systems.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) pwd
  2. (Optional) cd {directory | filesystem:[//module/][directory]}
  3. mkdir [filesystem:[//module/]]directory

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) pwd

Example:

switch# pwd
 (Optional)

Displays the name of your current default directory.

Step 2

(Optional) cd {directory | filesystem:[//module/][directory]}

Example:

switch# cd slot0:
 (Optional)

Changes to a new current directory. The file system, module, and directory names are case sensitive.

Step 3

mkdir [filesystem:[//module/]]directory

Example:

switch# mkdir test

Creates a new directory. The filesystem argument is case sensitive. The directory argument is alphanumeric, case sensitive, and has a maximum of 64 characters.

Displaying Directory Contents

You can display the contents of a directory.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. dir [directory | filesystem:[//module/][directory]]

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

dir [directory | filesystem:[//module/][directory]]

Example:

switch# dir bootflash:test

Displays the directory contents. The default is the current working directory. The file system and directory names are case sensitive.

Deleting a Directory

You can remove directories from the file systems on your device.

Before you begin

Ensure that the directory is empty before you try to delete it.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) pwd
  2. (Optional) dir [filesystem :[//module/][directory]]
  3. rmdir [filesystem :[//module/]]directory

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) pwd

Example:

switch# pwd
 (Optional)

Displays the name of your current default directory.

Step 2

(Optional) dir [filesystem :[//module/][directory]]

Example:

switch# dir bootflash:test
 (Optional)

Displays the contents of the current directory. The file system, module, and directory names are case sensitive.

If the directory is not empty, you must delete all the files before you can delete the directory.

Step 3

rmdir [filesystem :[//module/]]directory

Example:

switch# rmdir test

Deletes a directory. The file system and directory name are case sensitive.

Accessing Directories on the Standby Supervisor Module

You can access all file systems on the standby supervisor module (remote) from a session on the active supervisor module. This feature is useful when copying files to the active supervisor modules requires similar files to exist on the standby supervisor module. To access the file systems on the standby supervisor module from a session on the active supervisor module, you specify the standby supervisor module in the path to the file using either filesystem://sup-remote/ or filesystem://sup-standby/ .

Working with Files

This section describes how to work with files on the Cisco NX-OS device.

Moving Files

You can move a file from one directory to another directory.


Caution

If a file with the same name already exists in the destination directory, that file is overwritten by the moved file.

You can use the move command to rename a file by moving the file within the same directory.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) pwd
  2. (Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/][directory]]
  3. move [filesystem:[//module/][directory /] | directory/]source-filename {{filesystem:[//module/][directory /] | directory/}[target-filename] | target-filename}

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) pwd

Example:

switch# pwd
 (Optional)

Displays the name of your current default directory.

Step 2

(Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/][directory]]

Example:

switch# dir bootflash
 (Optional)

Displays the contents of the current directory. The file system and directory name are case sensitive.

Step 3

move [filesystem:[//module/][directory /] | directory/]source-filename {{filesystem:[//module/][directory /] | directory/}[target-filename] | target-filename}

Example:

switch# move test old_tests/test1

Moves a file.

The file system, module, and directory names are case sensitive.

The target-filename argument is alphanumeric, case sensitive, and has a maximum of 64 characters. If the target-filename argument is not specified, the filename defaults to the source-filename argument value.

Copying Files

You can make copies of files, either within the same directory or on another directory. For more information, see the Cisco Nexus 9000 Series NX-OS Troubleshooting Guide.


Note

Use the dir command to ensure that enough space is available in the target file system. If enough space is not available, use the delete command to remove unneeded files.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) pwd
  2. (Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/][directory]]
  3. copy [filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/]source-filename | {filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/}[target-filename]

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) pwd

Example:

switch# pwd
 (Optional)

Displays the name of your current default directory.

Step 2

(Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/][directory]]

Example:

switch# dir bootflash
 (Optional)

Displays the contents of the current directory. The file system and directory name are case sensitive.

Step 3

copy [filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/]source-filename | {filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/}[target-filename]

Example:

switch# copy test old_tests/test1

Copies a file. The file system, module, and directory names are case sensitive. The source-filename argument is alphanumeric, case sensitive, and has a maximum of 64 characters. If the target-filename argument is not specified, the filename defaults to the source-filename argument value.

Deleting Files

You can delete a file from a directory.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/][directory]]
  2. delete {filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/}filename

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/][directory]]

Example:

switch# dir bootflash:
 (Optional)

Displays the contents of the current directory. The file system and directory name are case sensitive.

Step 2

delete {filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/}filename

Example:

switch# delete bootflash:old_config.cfg

Deletes a file. The file system, module, and directory names are case sensitive. The source-filename argument is case sensitive.

Caution

 

If you specify a directory, the delete command deletes the entire directory and all its contents.

Displaying File Contents

You can display the contents of a file.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. show file [filesystem:[//module/]][directory/]filename

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

show file [filesystem:[//module/]][directory/]filename

Example:

switch# show file bootflash:test-results

Displays the file contents.

Displaying File Checksums

You can display checksums to check the file integrity.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. show file [filesystem:[//module/]][directory/]filename {cksum | md5sum}

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

show file [filesystem:[//module/]][directory/]filename {cksum | md5sum}

Example:

switch# show file bootflash:trunks2.cfg cksum

Displays the checksum or MD5 checksum of the file.

Compressing and Uncompressing Files

You can compress and uncompress files on your device using Lempel-Ziv 1977 (LZ77) coding.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/]directory]]
  2. gzip [filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/]filename
  3. gunzip [filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/]filename .gz

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) dir [filesystem:[//module/]directory]]

Example:

switch# dir bootflash:
 (Optional)

Displays the contents of the current directory. The file system and directory name are case sensitive.

Step 2

gzip [filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/]filename

Example:

switch# gzip show_tech

Compresses a file. After the file is compressed, it has a .gz suffix.

Step 3

gunzip [filesystem:[//module/][directory/] | directory/]filename .gz

Example:

switch# gunzip show_tech.gz

Uncompresses a file. The file to uncompress must have the .gz suffix. After the file is uncompressed, it does not have the .gz suffix.

Displaying the Last Lines in a File

You can display the last lines of a file.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. tail [filesystem:[//module/]][directory/]filename [lines]

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

tail [filesystem:[//module/]][directory/]filename [lines]

Example:

switch# tail ospf-gr.conf

Displays the last lines of a file. The default number of lines is 10. The range is from 0 to 80 lines.

Redirecting show Command Output to a File

You can redirect show command output to a file on bootflash:, volatile:, or a remote server. You can also specify the format for the command output.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) terminal redirection-mode {ascii | zipped}
  2. show-command > [filesystem:[//module/][directory] | [directory /]]filename

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) terminal redirection-mode {ascii | zipped}

Example:

switch# terminal redirection-mode zipped
 (Optional)

Sets the redirection mode for the show command output for the user session. The default mode is ascii .

Step 2

show-command > [filesystem:[//module/][directory] | [directory /]]filename

Example:

switch# show tech-support > bootflash:techinfo

Redirects the output from a show command to a file.

Finding Files

You can find the files in the current working directory and its subdirectories that have names that begin with a specific character string.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) pwd
  2. (Optional) cd {filesystem:[//module/][directory] | directory}
  3. find filename-prefix

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) pwd

Example:

switch# pwd
 (Optional)

Displays the name of your current default directory.

Step 2

(Optional) cd {filesystem:[//module/][directory] | directory}

Example:

switch# cd bootflash:test_scripts
 (Optional)

Changes the default directory.

Step 3

find filename-prefix

Example:

switch# find bgp_script

Finds all filenames in the default directory and in its subdirectories beginning with the filename prefix. The filename prefix is case sensitive.

Formatting the Bootflash

Use the format bootflash: CLI command to format the onboard flash memory (bootflash:). If the command errors out due to the Deactivate all virtual-services and try again error message, destroy the Guest Shell using the guestshell destroy CLI command and rerun the format bootflash: command, for example, 



switch# sh virtual-service list
Virtual Service List:
 
Name                    Status             Package Name
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
guestshell+             Activated          guestshell.ova
 
switch#

switch# guestshell destroy
You are about to destroy the guest shell and all of its contents.  Be sure to save your work. Are you sure you want to continue? (y/n) [n] y

switch# 2018 Jan 17 18:42:24 switch %$ VDC-1 %$ %VMAN-2-ACTIVATION_STATE: Deactivating virtual service 'guestshell+' 

switch#format bootflash:

Working with Archive Files

The Cisco NX-OS software supports archive files. You can create an archive file, append files to an existing archive file, extract files from an archive file, and list the files in an archive file.

Creating an Archive File

You can create an archive file and add files to it. You can specify the following compression types:

  • bzip2

  • gzip

  • Uncompressed

The default is gzip.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. tar create {bootflash: | volatile:}archive-filename [absolute] [bz2-compress] [gz-compress] [remove] [uncompressed] [verbose] filename-list

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

tar create {bootflash: | volatile:}archive-filename [absolute] [bz2-compress] [gz-compress] [remove] [uncompressed] [verbose] filename-list

Example:

switch# tar create bootflash:config-archive gz-compress bootflash:config-file

Creates an archive file and adds files to it. The filename is alphanumeric, not case sensitive, and has a maximum length of 240 characters.

The absolute keyword specifies that the leading backslash characters (\) should not be removed from the names of the files added to the archive file. By default, the leading backslash characters are removed.

The bz2-compress , gz-compress , and uncompressed keywords determine the compression utility used when files are added, or later appended, to the archive and the decompression utility to use when extracting the files. If you do not specify an extension for the archive file, the defaults are as follows:

  • For bz2-compress , the extension is .tar.bz2.

  • For gz-compress , the extension is .tar.gz.

  • For uncompressed , the extension is .tar.

The remove keyword specifies that the Cisco NX-OS software should delete the files from the file system after adding them to the archive. By default, the files are not deleted.

The verbose keyword specifies that the Cisco NX-OS software should list the files as they are added to the archive. By default, the files are listed as they are added.

Appending Files to an Archive File

You can append files to an existing archive file on your device.

Before you begin

You have created an archive file on your device.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. tar append {bootflash: | volatile:}archive-filename [absolute] [remove] [verbose] filename-list

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

tar append {bootflash: | volatile:}archive-filename [absolute] [remove] [verbose] filename-list

Adds files to an existing archive file. The archive filename is not case sensitive.

The absolute keyword specifies that the leading backslash characters (\) should not be removed from the names of the files added to the archive file. By default, the leading backslash characters are removed.

The remove keyword specifies that the Cisco NX-OS software should delete the files from the filesystem after adding them to the archive. By default, the files are not deleted.

The verbose keyword specifies that the Cisco NX-OS software should list the files as they are added to the archive. By default, the files are listed as they are added.

Example

This example shows how to append a file to an existing archive file: 

switch# tar append bootflash:config-archive.tar.gz bootflash:new-config

Extracting Files from an Archive File

You can extract files to an existing archive file on your device.

Before you begin

You have created an archive file on your device.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. tar extract {bootflash: | volatile:}archive-filename [keep-old] [screen] [to {bootflash: | volatile:}[/directory-name]] [verbose]

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

tar extract {bootflash: | volatile:}archive-filename [keep-old] [screen] [to {bootflash: | volatile:}[/directory-name]] [verbose]

Example:

switch# tar extract bootflash:config-archive.tar.gz

Extracts files from an existing archive file. The archive filename is not case sensitive.

The keep-old keyword indicates that the Cisco NX-OS software should not overwrite files with the same name as the files being extracted.

The screen keyword indicates that the Cisco NX-OS software should not overwrite files with the same name as the files being extracted.

The to keyword specifies the target filesystem. You can include a directory name. The directory name is alphanumeric, case sensitive, and has a maximum length of 240 characters.

The verbose keyword specifies that the Cisco NX-OS software should display the names of the files as they are extracted.

Displaying the Filenames in an Archive File

You can display the names of the files in an archive files using the tar list command.

tar list {bootflash: | volatile:}archive-filename

The archive filename is not case sensitive. 


switch# tar list bootflash:config-archive.tar.gz
config-file
new-config

Examples of Using the File System

This section includes examples of how to use the file system on the Cisco NX-OS device.

Accessing Directories on Standby Supervisor Modules

This example shows how to list the files on the standby supervisor module: 


switch# dir bootflash://sup-remote
       4096    Oct 03 23:55:55 2013  .patch/
...
      16384    Jan 01 13:23:30 2011  lost+found/
  297054208    Oct 21 18:55:36 2013  n9000-dk9.6.1.2.I1.1.bin
... 

Usage for bootflash://sup-remote
1903616000 bytes used
19234234368 bytes free
21137850368 bytes total

This example shows how to delete a file on the standby supervisor module: 


switch# delete bootflash://sup-remote/aOldConfig.txt

Moving Files

This example shows how to move a file on an external flash device: 


switch# move usb1:samplefile usb1:mystorage/samplefile

This example shows how to move a file in the default file system: 


switch# move samplefile mystorage/samplefile

Copying Files

This example shows how to copy the file called samplefile from the root directory of the usb1: file system to the mystorage directory: 

switch# copy usb1:samplefile usb1:mystorage/samplefile

This example shows how to copy a file from the current directory level: 

switch# copy samplefile mystorage/samplefile

This example shows how to copy a file from the active supervisor module bootflash to the standby supervisor module bootflash: 

switch# copy bootflash:nx-os-image bootflash://sup-2/nx-os-image

This example shows how to overwrite the contents of an existing configuration in NVRAM: 

switch# copy nvram:snapshot-config nvram:startup-config
            
Warning: this command is going to overwrite your current startup-config: 
Do you wish to continue? {y/n} [y] y

You can also use the copy command to upload and download files from the bootflash: file system to or from a FTP, TFTP, SFTP, or SCP server.

Deleting a Directory

You can remove directories from the file systems on your device.

Before you begin

Ensure that the directory is empty before you try to delete it.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. (Optional) pwd
  2. (Optional) dir [filesystem :[//module/][directory]]
  3. rmdir [filesystem :[//module/]]directory

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

(Optional) pwd

Example:

switch# pwd
 (Optional)

Displays the name of your current default directory.

Step 2

(Optional) dir [filesystem :[//module/][directory]]

Example:

switch# dir bootflash:test
 (Optional)

Displays the contents of the current directory. The file system, module, and directory names are case sensitive.

If the directory is not empty, you must delete all the files before you can delete the directory.

Step 3

rmdir [filesystem :[//module/]]directory

Example:

switch# rmdir test

Deletes a directory. The file system and directory name are case sensitive.

Displaying File Contents

This example shows how to display the contents of a file on an external flash device: 


switch# show file usb1:test
configure terminal 
interface ethernet 1/1 
no shutdown 
end 
show interface ethernet 1/1

This example shows how to display the contents of a file that resides in the current directory: 


switch# show file myfile

Displaying File Checksums

This example shows how to display the checksum of a file: 


switch# show file bootflash:trunks2.cfg cksum 
583547619

This example shows how to display the MD5 checksum of a file: 

switch# show file bootflash:trunks2.cfg md5sum 
3b94707198aabefcf46459de10c9281c

Compressing and Uncompressing Files

This example shows how to compress a file: 


switch# dir
    1525859     Jul 04 00:51:03 2013 Samplefile 
...
switch# gzip volatile:Samplefile
switch# dir
     266069     Jul 04 00:51:03 2013 Samplefile.gz 
...

This example shows how to uncompress a compressed file: 


switch# dir
     266069     Jul 04 00:51:03 2013 Samplefile.gz 
... 
switch# gunzip samplefile
switch# dir
    1525859     Jul 04 00:51:03 2013 Samplefile 
...

Redirecting show Command Output

This example shows how to direct the output to a file on the bootflash: file system: 


switch# show interface > bootflash:switch1-intf.cfg

This example shows how to direct the output to a file on external flash memory: 


switch# show interface > usb1:switch-intf.cfg

This example shows how to direct the output to a file on a TFTP server: 


switch# show interface > tftp://10.10.1.1/home/configs/switch-intf.cfg
Preparing to copy...done

This example shows how to direct the output of the show tech-support command to a file: 


switch# show tech-support > Samplefile
Building Configuration ... 
switch# dir
    1525859     Jul 04 00:51:03 2013 Samplefile 
Usage for volatile://
    1527808 bytes used
   19443712 bytes free
   20971520 bytes total

Finding Files

This example shows how to find a file in the current default directory: 


switch# find smm_shm.cfg
/usr/bin/find: ./lost+found: Permission denied 
./smm_shm.cfg 
./newer-fs/isan/etc/routing-sw/smm_shm.cfg 
./newer-fs/isan/etc/smm_shm.cfg