Perform the following task to configure the Central DHCP Server to update DHCP options:

Perform the following task to configure the remote device to import DHCP options:

Note	When two servers provide DHCP addresses to a single device configured with ip address dhcp on two different interfaces, the imported information is merged and, for those options that take a single value, the last known option value will be used.

Perform this task to configure a static route to use a DHCP default gateway as the next-hop router.

This task enables static routes to be assigned using a DHCP default gateway as the next-hop router. This behavior was not possible before the introduction of this feature because the gateway IP address is not known until after the DHCP address assignment. A static route could not be configured with the command-line interface (CLI) that used that DHCP-supplied address.

The static routes are installed in the routing table when the default gateway is assigned by the DHCP server. The routes remain in the routing table until the DHCP lease expires at which time the routes are removed.

When a DHCP client releases an address, the corresponding static route (the route configured with the ip routecommand) is automatically removed from the routing table. If the DHCP router option (option 3 of the DHCP packet) changes during the client renewal, the DHCP default gateway changes to the new IP address supplied in the renewal.

This feature is particularly useful for VPN deployments such as Dynamic Multipoint VPNs (DMVPNs). This feature is useful when a non-physical interface like a multipoint generic routing encapsulation (mGRE) tunnel is configured on the router and certain traffic needs to be excluded from going to the tunnel interface.

Perform this task to clear DHCP server variables:

The following example shows how to store bindings on host 172.16.4.253. The file transfer protocol is FTP. The server waits for 2 minutes (120 seconds) before performing database changes.

ip dhcp database ftp://user:password@172.16.4.253/router-dhcp write-delay 120

In the following example, server A and server B service the subnet 10.0.20.0/24. If the subnet is split equally between the two servers, server A is configured to allocate IP addresses 10.0.20.1 to 10.0.20.125 and server B is configured to allocate IP addresses 10.0.20.126 to 10.0.20.254.

Server A

ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.20.126 10.0.20.255
!
ip dhcp pool A
 network 10.0.20.0 255.255.255.0

Server B

ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.20.0 10.0.20.125
!
ip dhcp pool B
 network 10.0.20.0 255.255.255.0

In the following example, three DHCP address pools are created: one in network 172.16.0.0, one in subnetwork 172.16.1.0, and one in subnetwork 172.16.2.0. Attributes from network 172.16.0.0—such as the domain name, Domain Name System (DNS) server, (Network Basic Input/Output System) NetBIOS name server, and NetBIOS node type—are inherited in subnetworks 172.16.1.0 and 172.16.2.0. In each pool, clients are granted 30-day leases and all addresses in each subnetwork, except the excluded addresses, are available to the DHCP server for assigning to clients. The table below lists the IP addresses for the devices in three DHCP address pools.

ip dhcp database ftp://user:password@172.16.4.253/router-dhcp write-delay 120
ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.1.100 172.16.1.103 
ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.2.100 172.16.2.103
!
ip dhcp pool 0
 network 172.16.0.0 /16
 domain-name cisco.com
 dns-server 172.16.1.102 172.16.2.102
 netbios-name-server 172.16.1.103 172.16.2.103 
 netbios-node-type h-node
!
ip dhcp pool 1
 network 172.16.1.0 /24
 default-router 172.16.1.100 172.16.1.101 
 lease 30 
!
ip dhcp pool 2
 network 172.16.2.0 /24
 default-router 172.16.2.100 172.16.2.101 
 lease 30

Multiple disjoint subnets in a DHCP pool can be used in any of the following network topologies:

• IP address pooling—The DHCP client and server reside on the same subnet.

• DHCP relay—The DHCP client and DHCP server communicate through a DHCP relay agent where the relay interface is configured with secondary IP addresses.

• Hierarchical DHCP—The DHCP server is configured as the DHCP subnet allocation server. The DHCP client and DHCP subnet allocation server communicate through an on-demand address pool (ODAP) router.

In the following example, one DHCP address pool named pool3 is created; the primary subnet is 172.16.0.0/16, one secondary subnet is 172.16.1.0/24, and the other secondary subnet is 172.16.2.0/24.

• When IP addresses in the primary subnet are exhausted, the DHCP server inspects the secondary subnets in the order in which the subnets were added to the pool.

• When the DHCP server allocates an IP address from the secondary subnet 172.16.1.0/24, the server uses the subnet-specific default device list that consists of IP addresses 172.16.1.100 and 172.16.1.101. However, when the DHCP server allocates an IP address from the subnet 172.16.2.0/24, the server uses the pool-wide list that consists of the four IP addresses from 172.16.0.100 to 172.16.0.103.

• Other attributes from the primary subnet 172.16.0.0/16—such as the domain name, DNS server, NetBIOS name server, and NetBIOS node type—are inherited in both the secondary subnets.

• DHCP clients are granted 30-day leases on IP addresses in the pool. All addresses in each subnet, except the excluded addresses, are available to the DHCP server for assigning to clients.

The table below lists the IP addresses for the devices in the DHCP address pool that consists of three disjoint subnets.

ip dhcp database ftp://user:password@172.16.4.253/router-dhcp write-delay 120
ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.0.100 172.16.1.103 
ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.1.100 172.16.1.101 
!
ip dhcp pool pool3
 network 172.16.0.0 /16
 default-router 172.16.0.100 172.16.2.101 172.16.0.102 172.16.0.103
 domain-name cisco.com
 dns-server 172.16.1.102 172.16.2.102
 netbios-name-server 172.16.1.103 172.16.2.103 
 netbios-node-type h-node
 lease 30 
!
 network 172.16.1.0 /24 secondary 
  override default-router 172.16.1.100 172.16.1.101 
  end 
!
 network 172.16.2.0 /24 secondary 

The following example shows how to create a manual binding for a client named Mars.cisco.com. The MAC address of the client is 02c7.f800.0422 and the IP address of the client is 172.16.2.254.

ip dhcp pool Mars 
 host 172.16.2.254 
 hardware-address 02c7.f800.0422 ieee802
 client-name Mars

Because attributes are inherited, the previous configuration is equivalent to the following:

ip dhcp pool Mars 
 host 172.16.2.254 mask 255.255.255.0 
 hardware-address 02c7.f800.0422 ieee802
 client-name Mars
 default-router 172.16.2.100 172.16.2.101 
 domain-name cisco.com
 dns-server 172.16.1.102 172.16.2.102
 netbios-name-server 172.16.1.103 172.16.2.103
 netbios-node-type h-node

The following example shows how to restart the DHCP server, configure the pool, and specify the URL where the static mapping text file is stored:

no service dhcp
service dhcp
ip dhcp pool abcpool

origin file tftp://10.1.0.1/staticfilename

Note

The static mapping text file can be copied to flash memory on the device and served by the TFTP process of the device. In this case, the IP address in the original file line must be an address owned by the device and one additional line of configuration is required on the device:tftp-server flash static-filename.

The following example shows a remote and central server configured to support the importing of DHCP options. The central server is configured to automatically update DHCP options, such as DNS and WINs addresses, within the DHCP pools. In response to a DHCP request from a local client behind CPE equipment, the remote server can request or “import” these option parameters from the centralized server. See the figure below for a diagram of the network topology.

Figure 1. DHCP Example Network Topology

Central Router

!do not assign this range to DHCP clients
ip dhcp-excluded address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.5
!
ip dhcp pool central
! Specifies network number and mask for DHCP clients
 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
! Specifies the domain name for the client
 domain-name central
! Specifies DNS server that will respond to DHCP clients when they need to correlate host ! name to ip address
 dns-server 10.0.0.2
!Specifies the NETBIOS WINS server
 netbios-name-server 10.0.0.2 
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto

Remote Router

ip dhcp pool client
! Imports DHCP option parameters into DHCP server database
 import all
 network 20.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address dhcp
 duplex auto
 speed auto

This example configures two DHCP classes. CLASS1 defines the group of DHCP clients whose address requests contain the relay agent information option with the specified hexadecimal values. CLASS2 defines the group of DHCP clients whose address requests contain the configured relay agent information suboptions. CLASS3 has no pattern configured and is treated as a “match to any” class. This type of class is useful for specifying a “default” class.

In the following example, the subnet of pool ABC has been divided into three ranges without further subnetting of the 10.0.20.0/24 subnet. If there is a DHCP Discover message from the 10.0.20.0/24 subnet with option 82 matching that of class CLASS1, an available address in the range from 10.0.20.1 to 10.0.20.100 will be allocated. If there is no free address in CLASS1's address range, the DHCP Discover message will be matched against CLASS2, and so on.

Thus, each class in the DHCP pool will be examined for a match in the order configured by the user. In pool ABC, the order of matching is CLASS1, CLASS2, and finally CLASS3. In pool DEF, class CLASS2 does not have any address range configured. By default, the address range for a particular class is the pool's entire subnet(s). Therefore, clients matching CLASS2 may be allocated addresses from 11.0.20.1 to 11.0.20.254.

Multiple pools can be configured with the same class, eliminating the need to configure the same patterns in multiple pools. In the future, further classification method may be implemented. For example, there may be a need to specify that one or more pools should only be used to service a particular class of devices (for example, cable modems and IP phones).

! Defines the DHCP classes and relay information patterns
ip dhcp class CLASS1 
 relay agent information 
  relay-information hex 01030a0b0c02050000000123 
  relay-information hex 01030a0b0c02* 
  relay-information hex 01030a0b0c02050000000000 bitmask 0000000000000000000000FF 
ip dhcp class CLASS2 
 relay agent information 
  relay-information hex 01040102030402020102 
  relay-information hex 01040101030402020102 
ip dhcp class CLASS3 
 relay agent information 
! Associates the DHCP pool with DHCP classes 
ip dhcp pool ABC 
 network 10.0.20.0 255.255.255.0 
 class CLASS1 
  address range 10.0.20.1 10.0.20.100 
class CLASS2 
  address range 10.0.20.101 10.0.20.200 
 class CLASS3 
  address range 10.0.20.201 10.0.20.254 
ip dhcp pool DEF 
 network 11.0.20.0 255.255.255.0 
 class CLASS1 
  address range 11.0.20.1 11.0.20.64 
 class CLASS2

The following example shows how to configure two GigabitEthernet interfaces to obtain the next-hop router IP address from the DHCP server:

ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 dhcp 200 
ip route 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.255 gigaether 1 dhcp