Redistribution of announcements is the actual forwarding of announcements and query responses while service extension is the capability of proxying services between subnets. The actual replication of the service announcement can help to speed up the visibility of newly announced services and also a service's withdrawal if a service or device is turned off.

Note

Extension of services such as printers or Apple TV works fine without actual replication of service announcements. The Service Discovery Gateway will cache announcements, queries and their responses in the cache. If another device queries for a service, the Service Discovery Gateway will be able to provide an answer from its cache.

Enable the redistribution mdns-sd command only on a per-interface basis, and only if it is actually required. You must ensure that there are no loops in the network topology corresponding to the interface for which service announcement redistribution is being enabled. A loop can lead to a broadcast storm.

Redistribution of service announcement information cannot be done globally. You can enable redistribution of service information only at the interface level.

You need to enable a multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) gateway to extend services across subnet boundaries. You can enable an mDNS gateway for a device or for an interface. You must enable routing of services for the device before enabling it at the interface level. After the mDNS gateway is enabled on a device or interface, you can extend services across subnet boundaries.

To extend services across subnets, you must do the following:

For the sample scenario where a printer service is accessible by clients on other interfaces, you must apply these filters:

Note

Filters can be applied at the global level and at the interface level. Filters applied at the interface level takes precedence over the filters applied at the global level. The term 'service discovery information' refers to services (printer services, etc), queries (queries for printer services, etc, from one interface to the other), announcements (printer service is removed, etc), and service-instances (a specific service—printer x, Apple TV 3, etc) that you want to extend across subnets.

You can set filter options to allow services such as printer services into or out of a device or interface. You can also permit or prohibit queries, announcements, services learnt from an interface, specific service–instances, and locations. Use the service-list mdns-sd command to create a service-list and set filter options.

You need to create a service-list and use filter options within it. While creating a service-list, use one of the following options:

You must mention a sequence number when using the permit or deny option. The filtering is done sequentially, in the ascending order. The same service-list can be associated with multiple sequence numbers. Within a sequence, match statements (commands) must be used to specify what needs to be filtered. Generally, match statements are used to filter queries (for example, queries from clients to find printer and fax services), announcements (new service is added, and so on), specific service–instances, types of service such as printer services (so that the service is allowed into the cache for use), services available for a specific interface (printers and Apple TVs associated with a VLAN), and locations.

Note	A service-list by itself does not contain any services. You must specify a service type in the match statement when setting filter options to allow or prohibit services. (For example, '_ipp._tcp' is the service type for an IPP printing service running over TCP).

The following example explains how to achieve the goal:

!
service-list mdns-sd mixed permit 10
  match message-type query
!
service-list mdns-sd mixed permit 20
  match message-type announcement
  match service-type _ipps._tcp.local
!

In the above example, a service-list called 'mixed' is created and the permit option is used twice—to filter queries and to filter printer services and announcements. The filtering is done in the sequence given below:

The match statement in Sequence 10 sets a filter for queries on the device, but does not specify that queries be allowed into the device. To allow queries from clients, the filter needs to be applied on the interface in the IN direction. The example is displayed in the Using Filter Options section.

Similarly, the match statements in Sequence 20 sets a filter for announcements and printer services on the device, but does not specify that they be allowed into the device. To allow announcements and printer services into the device, the filter needs to be applied on the required interfaces in the IN direction. The example is displayed in the Using Filter Options section.

If neither the permit option nor the deny option is used, the default action is to disallow services from being transported to other subnets.

Browsing services periodically—Service-lists of the type query can be used to browse services. Such queries are called active queries. Active queries periodically send out requests for the services specified within the query on all interfaces. As services have a specific Time to Live (TTL) duration, active queries can help to keep services fresh in the cache memory.

In the following example, a service-list named 'active-query' is created and the service-list is of the type query. Services such as printer services are specified within the query, and these are the services that we want to extend. Typically, these services would match the services that have been configured as 'permitted' services in the IN filter.

!
service-list mdns-sd active-query query
  service-type _universal._sub._ipp._tcp  
  service-type _ipp._tcp.local
  service-type _ipps._tcp.local 
  service-type _raop._tcp.local
!

The purpose of an active query and a query associated with a match statement is different. When you enable an active query, services are browsed periodically. A query is used in a match statement to permit or prohibit queries (not active queries) on the interface.

Note

Service-list creation can only be used globally and cannot be used at the interface level. You can create a new service-instance of a specific service-type using the service-instance mdns-sd command. A service end–point (such as a printer, fax, and so on) sends unsolicited announcements when a service starts up. After that, it sends unsolicited announcements whenever a network change event occurs (such as, an interface coming up or going down, and so on). The device always responds to queries.

You must have set filter options for the device before extending services across subnets. If you have set filter options for specific services and other service discovery information to be allowed, prohibited or queried periodically, you can apply the filters for an interface.

Before applying filters, note the following:

• You must enable multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) on a device to apply filter options. You can enable mDNS using the command service-routing mdns-sd

• Since you might want to allow services into the device or prohibit services from being learnt on an interface, you must apply the filter in the needed direction. The options IN and OUT perform the desired actions on the interface.

• Typically, a service-policy is applied on an interface. Global service-policies are optional and affect all L3 interfaces.

A note about filter options - Filter options have been set for the above scenario by creating a service-list called 'mixed' and adding filter options to it. (see Set filter options for more details). The following example explains how to apply the filters:

!
interface Ethernet0/0
 description *** (wireless) Clients here plus some printers 
 ip address 172.16.33.7 255.255.255.0
 service-routing mdns-sd
  service-policy mixed IN
!
interface Ethernet0/3
 description *** (wireless) Clients here plus some printers  
 ip address 172.16.57.1 255.255.255.0
 service-routing mdns-sd
  service-policy mixed IN
!

In the above example, service-routing is enabled on the interface and the filter options in the service-policy 'mixed' are applied in the IN direction. In other words, all queries and printer services will be allowed into the device, from the interfaces Ethernet 0/0 and Ethernet 0/3.

Sample scenario for browsing specific services - A service-list of the type query (called active query) has been created. It contains services that we want to browse periodically, such as printer services (see Set filter options for more details about creating an active query). To enable browsing of the services in the query, you must apply the active query for the device.

!
service-routing mdns-sd
 service-policy-query active-query 900
!

In the above example, the period is set to 900 seconds. The services within the active query are queried on all interfaces of the device after an interval of 900 seconds.

Note

You can enable browsing of services for specific interfaces. If browsing of services is enabled globally, you can disable browsing of services on specific interfaces. Services are browsed specific to a device or interface by the mDNS process. So, the IN or OUT option is not relevant for browsing of services.

You can use the following options after enabling mDNS on a device or interface.

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    service-list mdns-sd service-list-name {deny sequence-number | permit sequence-number | query}


4.    match message-type {announcement | any | query}


5.    match service-instance {instance-name | any | query}


6.    match service-type mDNS-service-type-string


7.    match location civic civic-location-name


8.    exit

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# service-list mdns-sd sl1 permit 3
                
              Or

Device(config)# service-list mdns-sd sl4 query

Device(config-mdns-sd-sl)# match message-type announcement

Device(config-mdns-sd-sl)# match service-instance printer-3 

Device(config-mdns-sd-sl)# match service-type _ipp._tcp.local

Device(config-mdns-sd-sl)# match location civic location3

Device(config-mdns-sd-sl)# exit

Apply filters on an interface for the services, queries, or announcements to actually be permitted or prohibited on the interface.

After enabling multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) gateway for a device, you can apply filters (IN-bound filtering or OUT-bound filtering) and active queries by using service-policy and service-policy-query commands, respectively.

Note	Steps 5 to 11 are mDNS Service Discovery configuration options. The steps are optional and not meant to be used in any specific order.

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    service-routing mdns-sd


4.    service-policy service-policy-name {IN | OUT}


5.    cache-memory-max cache-config-percentage


6.    service-policy-query service-list-name query-period


7.    designated-gateway enable [ttl duration]


8.    service-policy-proximity service-list-name [limit number-of-services]


9.    service-type-enumeration period period-value


10.    source-interface type number


11.    rate-limit in maximum-rate-limit


12.    exit

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# service-routing mdns-sd

Device(config-mdns)# service-policy sl1 IN

Device(config-mdns)# cache-memory-max 20

Device(config-mdns)# service-policy-query sl4 100

Device(config-mdns)# designated-gateway enable

Device(config-mdns)# service-policy-proximity sl1 limit 10

Device(config-mdns)# service-type-enumeration period 45

Device(config-mdns)# rate-limit in 80

Device(config-mdns)# exit

SUMMARY STEPS

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    interface type number


4.    service-routing mdns-sd


5.    service-policy service-policy-name {IN | OUT}


6.    exit

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config-if)# service-routing mdns-sd

Device(config-if-mdns-sd)# service-policy sl1 IN

Device(config-if-mdns-sd)# exit

SUMMARY STEPS

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    service-instance mdns-sd service instance-name regtype service-type domain name


4.    {ipv4addr | ipv6addr} IP-address


5.    port number


6.    target-hostname host-name


7.    txt text-record-name


8.    priority value


9.    weight value


10.    exit

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# service-instance mdns-sd service printer-3 regtype _ipp._tcp.local domain tcp4

Device(config-mdns-sd-si)# ipv4addr 209.165.200.230 255.255.255.0

Device(config-mdns-sd-si)# port 9100

Device(config-mdns-sd-si)# target-hostname fqdn-of-printer.example.com.

Device(config-mdns-sd-si)# txt _ipp._tcp.local=printer3

Device(config-mdns-sd-si)# priority 3

Device(config-mdns-sd-si)# weight 20

Device(config-mdns-sd-si)# exit