Configuring TCP

TCP is a protocol that specifies the format of data and acknowledgments used in data transfer. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol because participants must establish a connection before data can be transferred. By performing flow control and error correction, TCP guarantees reliable, in-sequence delivery of packets. TCP is considered a reliable protocol because it will continue to request an IP packet that is dropped or received out of order until it is received. This module explains concepts related to TCP and how to configure TCP in a network.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Prerequisites for TCP

TCP Time Stamp, TCP Selective Acknowledgment, and TCP Header Compression

Because TCP time stamps are always sent and echoed in both directions and the time-stamp value in the header is always changing, TCP header compression will not compress the outgoing packet. To allow TCP header compression over a serial link, the TCP time-stamp option is disabled. If you want to use TCP header compression over a serial line, TCP time stamp and TCP selective acknowledgment must be disabled. Both features are disabled by default. Use the no ip tcp selective-ack command to disable the TCP selective acknowledgment once it is enabled.

Information About TCP

TCP Services

TCP provides reliable transmission of data in an IP environment. TCP corresponds to the transport layer (Layer 4) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. Among the services that TCP provides are stream data transfer, reliability, efficient flow control, full-duplex operation, and multiplexing.

With stream data transfer, TCP delivers an unstructured stream of bytes that are identified by sequence numbers. This service benefits applications because they do not have to divide data into blocks before handing it off to TCP. Instead, TCP groups bytes into segments and passes them to IP for delivery.

TCP offers reliability by providing connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable packet delivery through an internetwork. It does this by sequencing bytes with a forwarding acknowledgment number that indicates to the destination the next byte that the source expects to receive. Bytes that are not acknowledged within a specified time period are retransmitted. The reliability mechanism of TCP allows devices to handle lost, delayed, duplicate, or misread packets. A timeout mechanism allows devices to detect lost packets and request retransmission.

TCP offers efficient flow control, which means that the receiving TCP process indicates the highest sequence number that it can receive without overflowing its internal buffers when sending acknowledgments back to the source.

TCP offers full-duplex operation, and TCP processes can both send and receive data at the same time.

TCP multiplexing allows numerous simultaneous upper-layer conversations to be multiplexed over a single connection.

TCP Connection Establishment

To use reliable transport services, TCP hosts must establish a connection-oriented session with one another. Connection establishment is performed by using a “three-way handshake” mechanism.

A three-way handshake synchronizes both ends of a connection by allowing both sides to agree upon the initial sequence numbers. This mechanism guarantees that both sides are ready to transmit data. The three-way handshake is necessary so that packets are not transmitted or retransmitted during session establishment or after session termination.

Each host randomly chooses a sequence number, which is used to track bytes within the stream that the host is sending. The three-way handshake proceeds in the following manner:

  • The first host (Host A) initiates a connection by sending a packet with the initial sequence number (X) and the synchronize/start (SYN) bit set to indicate a connection request.

  • The second host (Host B) receives the SYN, records the sequence number X, and replies by acknowledging (ACK) the SYN (with an ACK = X + 1). Host B includes its own initial sequence number (SEQ = Y). An ACK = 20 means that the host has received bytes 0 through 19 and expects byte 20 next. This technique is called forward acknowledgment.

  • Host A acknowledges all bytes that Host B has sent with a forward acknowledgment indicating the next byte Host A expects to receive (ACK = Y + 1). Data transfer can then begin.

TCP Connection Attempt Time

You can set the amount of time the software will wait before attempting to establish a TCP connection. The connection attempt time is a host parameter and pertains to traffic that originated at the device and not to traffic going through the device. To set the TCP connection attempt time, use the ip tcp synwait-time command in global configuration mode. The default is 30 seconds.

TCP Selective Acknowledgment

The TCP Selective Acknowledgment feature improves performance if multiple packets are lost from one TCP window of data.

Prior to this feature, because of limited information available from cumulative acknowledgments, a TCP sender could learn about only one lost packet per-round-trip time. An aggressive sender could choose to resend packets early, but such re-sent segments might have already been successfully received.

The TCP selective acknowledgment mechanism helps improve performance. The receiving TCP host returns selective acknowledgment packets to the sender, informing the sender of data that has been received. In other words, the receiver can acknowledge packets received out of order. The sender can then resend only missing data segments (instead of everything since the first missing packet).

Prior to selective acknowledgment, if TCP lost packets 4 and 7 out of an 8-packet window, TCP would receive acknowledgment of only packets 1, 2, and 3. Packets 4 through 8 would need to be re-sent. With selective acknowledgment, TCP receives acknowledgment of packets 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Only packets 4 and 7 must be re-sent.

TCP selective acknowledgment is used only when multiple packets are dropped within one TCP window. There is no performance impact when the feature is enabled but not used. Use the ip tcp selective-ack command in global configuration mode to enable TCP selective acknowledgment.

Refer to RFC 2018 for more details about TCP selective acknowledgment.

TCP Time Stamp

The TCP time-stamp option provides improved TCP round-trip time measurements. Because the time stamps are always sent and echoed in both directions and the time-stamp value in the header is always changing, TCP header compression will not compress the outgoing packet. To allow TCP header compression over a serial link, the TCP time-stamp option is disabled. Use the ip tcp timestamp command to enable the TCP time-stamp option.

Refer to RFC 1323 for more details on TCP time stamps.

TCP Maximum Read Size

The maximum number of characters that TCP reads from the input queue for Telnet and relogin at one time is very large (the largest possible 32-bit positive number) by default. To change the TCP maximum read size value, use the ip tcp chunk-size command in global configuration mode.


Note

We do not recommend that you change this value.


TCP Path MTU Discovery

Path MTU Discovery is a method for maximizing the use of the available bandwidth in the network between endpoints of a TCP connection, which is described in RFC 1191. IP Path MTU Discovery allows a host to dynamically discover and cope with differences in the maximum allowable maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of the various links along the path. Sometimes a device is unable to forward a datagram because it requires fragmentation (the packet is larger than the MTU that you set for the interface with the interface configuration command), but the “do not fragment” (DF) bit is set. The intermediate gateway sends a “Fragmentation needed and DF bit set” Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) message to the sending host, alerting the host to the problem. On receiving this message, the host reduces its assumed path MTU and consequently sends a smaller packet that will fit the smallest packet size of all links along the path.

By default, TCP Path MTU Discovery is disabled. Existing connections are not affected irrespective of whether this feature is enabled or disabled.

Customers using TCP connections to move bulk data between systems on distinct subnets would benefit most by enabling this feature. Customers using remote source-route bridging (RSRB) with TCP encapsulation, serial tunnel (STUN), X.25 Remote Switching (also known as XOT or X.25 over TCP), and some protocol translation configurations might also benefit from enabling this feature.

Use the ip tcp path-mtu-discovery global configuration command to enable Path MTU Discovery for connections initiated by the device when the device is acting as a host.

For more information about Path MTU Discovery, refer to the “Configuring IP Services” module of the IP Application Services Configuration Guide.

TCP Window Scaling

The TCP Window Scaling feature adds support for the Window Scaling option in RFC 1323,TCP Extensions for High Performance. A larger window size is recommended to improve TCP performance in network paths with large bandwidth-delay product characteristics that are called Long Fat Networks (LFNs). The TCP Window Scaling enhancement provides LFN support.

The window scaling extension expands the definition of the TCP window to 32 bits and then uses a scale factor to carry this 32-bit value in the 16-bit window field of the TCP header. The window size can increase to a scale factor of 14. Typical applications use a scale factor of 3 when deployed in LFNs.

The TCP Window Scaling feature complies with RFC 1323. The maximum window size was increased to 1,073,741,823 bytes. The larger scalable window size will allow TCP to perform better over LFNs. Use the ip tcp window-size command in global configuration mode to configure the TCP window size.

TCP Sliding Window

A TCP sliding window provides an efficient use of network bandwidth because it enables hosts to send multiple bytes or packets before waiting for an acknowledgment.

In TCP, the receiver specifies the current window size in every packet. Because TCP provides a byte-stream connection, window sizes are expressed in bytes. A window is the number of data bytes that the sender is allowed to send before waiting for an acknowledgment. Initial window sizes are indicated at connection setup, but might vary throughout the data transfer to provide flow control. A window size of zero means “Send no data.” The default TCP window size is 4128 bytes. We recommend that you keep the default value unless your device is sending large packets (greater than 536 bytes). Use the ip tcp window-size command to change the default window size.

In a TCP sliding-window operation, for example, the sender might have a sequence of bytes to send (numbered 1 to 10) to a receiver who has a window size of five. The sender then places a window around the first five bytes and transmits them together. The sender then waits for an acknowledgment.

The receiver responds with an ACK = 6, indicating that it has received bytes 1 to 5 and is expecting byte 6 next. In the same packet, the receiver indicates that its window size is 5. The sender then moves the sliding window five bytes to the right and transmits bytes 6 to 10. The receiver responds with an ACK = 11, indicating that it is expecting sequenced byte 11 next. In this packet, if the receiver indicates that its window size is 0, the sender cannot send any more bytes until the receiver sends another packet with a window size greater than 0.

TCP Outgoing Queue Size

The default TCP outgoing queue size per connection is five segments if the connection has a TTY associated with it (such as a Telnet connection). If no TTY connection is associated with a connection, the default queue size is 20 segments. Use the ip tcp queuemax command to change the five-segment default value.

TCP MSS Adjustment

The TCP MSS Adjustment feature enables the configuration of the maximum segment size (MSS) for transient packets that traverse a device, specifically TCP segments with the SYN bit set. Use the ip tcp adjust-mss command in interface configuration mode to specify the MSS value on the intermediate device of the SYN packets to avoid truncation.

When a host (usually a PC) initiates a TCP session with a server, the host negotiates the IP segment size by using the MSS option field in the TCP SYN packet. The value of the MSS field is determined by the MTU configuration on the host. The default MSS value for a PC is 1500 bytes.

The PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) standard supports a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of only 1492 bytes. The disparity between the host and PPPoE MTU size can cause the device in between the host and the server to drop 1500-byte packets and terminate TCP sessions over the PPPoE network. Even if the path MTU (which detects the correct MTU across the path) is enabled on the host, sessions may be dropped because system administrators sometimes disable ICMP error messages that must be relayed from the host for path MTU to work.

The ip tcp adjust-mss command helps prevent TCP sessions from being dropped by adjusting the MSS value of the TCP SYN packets.

The ip tcp adjust-mss command is effective only for TCP connections passing through the device.

In most cases, the optimum value for the max-segment-size argument of the ip tcp adjust-mss command is 1452 bytes. This value plus the 20-byte IP header, the 20-byte TCP header, and the 8-byte PPPoE header add up to a 1500-byte packet that matches the MTU size for the Ethernet link.

See the “Configuring the MSS Value and MTU for Transient TCP SYN Packets” section for configuration instructions.

TCP Applications Flags Enhancement

The TCP Applications Flags Enhancement feature enables the user to display additional flags with reference to TCP applications. There are two types of flags: status and option. The status flags indicate the status of TCP connections such as passive open, active open, retransmission timeout, and app closed for listening. The additional flags indicate the state of set options such as whether a VPN routing and forwarding instance (VRF) is set, whether a user is idle, and whether a keepalive timer is running. Use the show tcp command to display TCP application flags.

TCP Show Extension

The TCP Show Extension feature introduces the capability to display addresses in IP format instead of the hostname format and to display the VRF table associated with the connection. To display the status for all endpoints with addresses in IP format, use the show tcp brief numeric command.

TCP MIB for RFC 4022 Support

The TCP MIB for RFC 4022 Support feature introduces support for RFC 4022, Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). RFC 4022 is an incremental change of the TCP MIB to improve the manageability of TCP.

To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs

Zero-Field TCP Packets

Prior to Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5, when a zero-field TCP packet is received on the router, the TCP packet counter is incremented.

In Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5 and later releases, when a zero-field TCP packet is received on the router, the TCP packet counter is not incremented.

When a zero-field TCP packet is received, it is displayed as 0 under the TCP statistics field when the show ip traffic command is configured. When the debug ip tcp packet command is configured, and a zero-field TCP packet is received, a debug message similar to the following is displayed:

Jan 19 21:57:28.487: TCP: Alert! Received a segment with cleared flags 10.4.14.49

How to Configure TCP

Configuring TCP Performance Parameters

Before you begin

Both sides of the network link must be configured to support window scaling or the default of 65,535 bytes will be applied as the maximum window size. To support Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), the remote peer must be ECN-enabled because the ECN capability is negotiated during a three-way handshake with the remote peer.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. ip tcp synwait-time seconds
  4. ip tcp path-mtu-discovery [age-timer {minutes | infinite }]
  5. ip tcp selective-ack
  6. ip tcp timestamp
  7. ip tcp chunk-size characters
  8. ip tcp window-size bytes
  9. ip tcp ecn
  10. ip tcp queuemax packets
  11. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose
Step 1

enable

Example:

Device> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

  • Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

ip tcp synwait-time seconds

Example:

Device(config)# ip tcp synwait-time 60

(Optional) Sets the amount of time the Cisco software will wait before attempting to establish a TCP connection.

  • The default is 30 seconds.

Step 4

ip tcp path-mtu-discovery [age-timer {minutes | infinite }]

Example:


Device(config)# ip tcp path-mtu-discovery age-timer 11

(Optional) Enables Path MTU Discovery.

  • age-timer —Time interval, in minutes, TCP reestimates the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) with a larger Maximum Segment Size (MSS). The default is 10 minutes. The maximum is 30 minutes.

  • infinite —Disables the age timer.

Step 5

ip tcp selective-ack

Example:


Device(config)# ip tcp selective-ack

(Optional) Enables TCP selective acknowledgment.

Step 6

ip tcp timestamp

Example:


Device(config)# ip tcp timestamp

(Optional) Enables the TCP time stamp.

Step 7

ip tcp chunk-size characters

Example:


Device(config)# ip tcp chunk-size 64000

(Optional) Sets the TCP maximum read size for Telnet or rlogin.

Note 

We do not recommend that you change this value.

Step 8

ip tcp window-size bytes

Example:

Device(config)# ip tcp window-size 75000

(Optional) Sets the TCP window size.

  • The bytes argument can be set to an integer from 68 to 1073741823. To enable window scaling to support Long Flat Networks (LFNs), the TCP window size must be more than 65535. The default window size is 4128 if window scaling is not configured.

Note 

With CSCsw45317, the bytes argument can be set to an integer from 68 to 1073741823.

Step 9

ip tcp ecn

Example:

Device(config)# ip tcp ecn

(Optional) Enables ECN for TCP.

Step 10

ip tcp queuemax packets

Example:

Device(config)# ip tcp queuemax 10

(Optional) Sets the TCP outgoing queue size.

Step 11

end

Example:

Device(config)# end

Exits to privileged EXEC mode.

Configuring the MSS Value and MTU for Transient TCP SYN Packets

Perform this task to configure the maximum size segment (MSS) for transient packets that traverse a device, specifically TCP segments with the SYN bit set, and to configure the MTU size of IP packets.

If you are configuring the ip mtu command on the same interface as the ip tcp adjust-mss command, we recommend that you use the following commands and values:

  • ip tcp adjust-mss 1452

  • ip mtu 1492

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. interface type number
  4. ip tcp adjust-mss max-segment-size
  5. ip mtu bytes
  6. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose
Step 1

enable

Example:

Device> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

  • Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

interface type number

Example:

Device(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0

Configures an interface type and enters interface configuration mode.

Step 4

ip tcp adjust-mss max-segment-size

Example:

Device(config-if)# ip tcp adjust-mss 1452

Adjusts the MSS value of TCP SYN packets going through a device.

  • The max-segment-size argument is the maximum segment size, in bytes. The range is from 500 to 1460.

Step 5

ip mtu bytes

Example:

Device(config-if)# ip mtu 1492

Sets the MTU size of IP packets, in bytes, sent on an interface.

Step 6

end

Example:

Device(config-if)# end

Exits to global configuration mode.

Configuring the MSS Value for IPv6 Traffic

Perform this task to configure the maximum size segment (MSS) for transient packets that traverse a device, specifically TCP segments with the DF bit set in IPv6 network layer (IP) header.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. interface type number
  4. ipv6 tcp adjust-mss max-segment-size
  5. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose
Step 1

enable

Example:

Device> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

  • Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

interface type number

Example:

Device(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0

Configures an interface type and enters interface configuration mode.

Step 4

ipv6 tcp adjust-mss max-segment-size

Example:

Device(config-if)# ipv6 tcp adjust-mss 1452

Adjusts the MSS value of TCP DF packets going through a device.

  • The max-segment-size argument is the maximum segment size, in bytes. The range is from 40 to 1940.

Step 5

end

Example:

Device(config-if)# end

Exits interface configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Verifying TCP Performance Parameters

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. show tcp [line-number] [tcb address]
  2. show tcp brief [all | numeric ]
  3. debug ip tcp transactions
  4. debug ip tcp congestion

DETAILED STEPS


Step 1

show tcp [line-number] [tcb address]

Displays the status of TCP connections. The arguments and keyword are as follows:

  • line-number —(Optional) Absolute line number of the Telnet connection status.

  • tcb —(Optional) Transmission control block (TCB) of the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)-enabled connection.

  • address —(Optional) TCB hexadecimal address. The valid range is from 0x0 to 0xFFFFFFFF.

The following sample output from the show tcp tcb command displays detailed information about an ECN-enabled connection that uses a hexadecimal address format:

Example:

Device# show tcp tcb 0x62CD2BB8

Connection state is LISTEN, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0
Connection is ECN enabled
Local host: 10.10.10.1, Local port: 179
Foreign host: 10.10.10.2, Foreign port: 12000
Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes)
Event Timers (current time is 0x4F31940):
Timer          Starts    Wakeups            Next
Retrans             0          0             0x0
TimeWait            0          0             0x0
AckHold             0          0             0x0
SendWnd             0          0             0x0
KeepAlive           0          0             0x0
GiveUp              0          0             0x0
PmtuAger            0          0             0x0
DeadWait            0          0             0x0
iss:          0 snduna:          0 sndnxt:          0     sndwnd:      0
irs:          0 rcvnxt:          0 rcvwnd:       4128  delrcvwnd:      0
SRTT: 0 ms, RTTO: 2000 ms, RTV: 2000 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 60000 ms, maxRTT: 0 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms
Flags: passive open, higher precedence, retransmission timeout
TCB is waiting for TCP Process (67)
Datagrams (max data segment is 516 bytes):
Rcvd: 6 (out of order: 0), with data: 0, total data bytes: 0
Sent: 0 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0), with data: 0, total data
bytes: 0

Cisco Software Modularity

The following sample output from the show tcp tcb command displays a Software Modularity image:

Example:

Device# show tcp tcb 0x1059C10

Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 0, unread input bytes: 0
Local host: 10.4.2.32, Local port: 23
Foreign host: 10.4.2.39, Foreign port: 11000
VRF table id is: 0
Current send queue size: 0 (max 65536)
Current receive queue size: 0 (max 32768)  mis-ordered: 0 bytes
Event Timers (current time is 0xB9ACB9):
Timer          Starts    Wakeups            Next(msec)
Retrans             6          0                0
SendWnd             0          0                0
TimeWait            0          0                0
AckHold             8          4                0
KeepAlive          11          0          7199992
PmtuAger            0          0                0
GiveUp              0          0                0
Throttle            0          0                0
irs:    1633857851  rcvnxt: 1633857890  rcvadv: 1633890620  rcvwnd:  32730
iss:    4231531315  snduna: 4231531392  sndnxt: 4231531392  sndwnd:   4052
sndmax: 4231531392  sndcwnd:     10220
SRTT: 84 ms,  RTTO: 650 ms,  RTV: 69 ms,  KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 0 ms,  maxRTT: 200 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms
Keepalive time: 7200 sec, SYN wait time: 75 sec
Giveup time: 0 ms, Retransmission retries: 0, Retransmit forever: FALSE
State flags: none
Feature flags: Nagle
Request flags: none
Window scales: rcv 0, snd 0, request rcv 0, request snd 0
Timestamp option: recent 0, recent age 0, last ACK sent          0
Datagrams (in bytes): MSS 1460, peer MSS 1460, min MSS 1460, max MSS 1460
Rcvd: 14 (out of order: 0), with data: 10, total data bytes: 38
Sent: 10 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0), with data: 5, total data bytes: 76
Header prediction hit rate: 72 %
Socket states: SS_ISCONNECTED, SS_PRIV
Read buffer flags: SB_WAIT, SB_SEL, SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Read notifications: 4
Write buffer flags: SB_DEL_WAKEUP
Write notifications: 0
Socket status: 0
Step 2

show tcp brief [all | numeric ]

(Optional) Displays addresses in IP format.

Use the show tcp brief command to display a concise description of TCP connection endpoints. Use the optional all keyword to display the status for all endpoints with addresses in a Domain Name System (DNS) hostname format. If this keyword is not used, endpoints in the LISTEN state are not shown. Use the optional numeric keyword to display the status for all endpoints with addresses in IP format.

Note 

If the ip domain-lookup command is enabled on the device, and you execute the show tcp brief command, the response time of the device to display the output will be very slow. To get a faster response, you should disable the ip domain-lookup command.

The following is sample output from the show tcp brief command while a user is connected to the system by using Telnet:

Example:

Device# show tcp brief

TCB       Local Address           Foreign Address        (state)
609789AC  Device.cisco.com.23     cider.cisco.com.3733   ESTAB

The following example shows the IP activity after the numeric keyword is used to display addresses in IP format:

Example:

Device# show tcp brief numeric

TCB           Local Address          Foreign Address     (state)
6523A4FC      10.1.25.3.11000        10.1.25.3.23         ESTAB
65239A84      10.1.25.3.23           10.1.25.3.11000      ESTAB
653FCBBC      *.1723 *.* LISTEN
Step 3

debug ip tcp transactions

Use the debug ip tcp transactions command to display information about significant TCP transactions such as state changes, retransmissions, and duplicate packets. The TCP/IP network isolated above the data link layer might encounter performance issues. The debug ip tcp transactions command can be useful in debugging these performance issues.

The following is sample output from the debug ip tcp transactions command:

Example:

Device# debug ip tcp transactions 

TCP: sending SYN, seq 168108, ack 88655553
TCP0: Connection to 10.9.0.13:22530, advertising MSS 966
TCP0: state was LISTEN -> SYNRCVD [23 -> 10.9.0.13(22530)]
TCP0: state was SYNSENT -> SYNRCVD [23 -> 10.9.0.13(22530)]
TCP0: Connection to 10.9.0.13:22530, received MSS 956
TCP0: restart retransmission in 5996
TCP0: state was SYNRCVD -> ESTAB [23 -> 10.9.0.13(22530)]
TCP2: restart retransmission in 10689
TCP2: restart retransmission in 10641
TCP2: restart retransmission in 10633
TCP2: restart retransmission in 13384 -> 10.0.0.13(16151)]
TCP0: restart retransmission in 5996 [23 -> 10.0.0.13(16151)]

The following line from the debug ip tcp transactions command sample output shows that TCP has entered Fast Recovery mode:

Example:


fast re-transmit - sndcwnd - 512, snd_last - 33884268765

The following lines from the debug ip tcp transactions command sample output show that a duplicate acknowledgment is received when TCP is in Fast Recovery mode (first line) and a partial acknowledgment has been received (second line):

Example:


TCP0:ignoring second congestion in same window sndcwn - 512, snd_1st - 33884268765 
TCP0:partial ACK received sndcwnd:338842495
Step 4

debug ip tcp congestion

Use the debug ip tcp congestion command to display information about TCP congestion events. The TCP/IP network isolated above the data link layer might encounter performance issues. The debug ip tcp congestion command can be used to debug these performance issues. The command also displays information related to variations in the TCP send window, congestion window, and congestion threshold window.

The following is sample output from the debug ip tcp congestion command:

Example:


Device# debug ip tcp congestion
 
*May 20 22:49:49.091: Setting New Reno as congestion control algorithm
*May 22 05:21:47.281: Advance cwnd by 12
*May 22 05:21:47.281: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1472
*May 22 05:21:47.285: Advance cwnd by 3
*May 22 05:21:47.285: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1475
*May 22 05:21:47.285: Advance cwnd by 3
*May 22 05:21:47.285: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1478
*May 22 05:21:47.285: Advance cwnd by 9
*May 22 05:21:47.285: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1487
*May 20 22:50:32.559: [New Reno] sndcwnd: 8388480 ssthresh: 65535 snd_mark: 232322
*May 20 22:50:32.559: 10.168.10.10:42416 <---> 10.168.30.11:49100 congestion window changes
*May 20 22:50:32.559: cwnd from 8388480 to 2514841, ssthresh from 65535 to 2514841

For Cisco TCP, New Reno is the default congestion control algorithm. However, an application can also use Binary Increase Congestion Control (BIC) as the congestion control algorithm. The following is sample output from the debug ip tcp congestion command using BIC:

Example:


Device# debug ip tcp congestion 

*May 22 05:21:42.281: Setting BIC as congestion control algorithm
*May 22 05:21:47.281: Advance cwnd by 12
*May 22 05:21:47.281: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1472
*May 22 05:21:47.285: Advance cwnd by 3
*May 22 05:21:47.285: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1475
*May 22 05:21:47.285: Advance cwnd by 3
*May 22 05:21:47.285: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1478
*May 22 05:21:47.285: Advance cwnd by 9
*May 22 05:21:47.285: TCP85FD0C10: sndcwnd: 1487
*May 20 22:50:32.559: [BIC] sndcwnd: 8388480 ssthresh: 65535 bic_last_max_cwnd: 0 last_cwnd: 8388480
*May 20 22:50:32.559: 10.168.10.10:42416 <---> 10.168.30.11:49100 congestion window changes
*May 20 22:50:32.559: cwnd from 8388480 to 2514841, ssthresh from 65535 to 2514841
*May 20 22:50:32.559: bic_last_max_cwnd changes from 0 to 8388480

Configuration Examples for TCP

Example: Verifying the Configuration of TCP ECN

The following example shows how to verify whether TCP ECN is configured:


Device# show running-config

Building configuration...
.
.
.
ip tcp ecn ! ECN is configured.
.
.
.

The following example shows how to verify whether TCP is ECN-enabled on a specific connection (local host):


Device# show tcp tcb 123456A

!Local host
!
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0
Connection is ECN Enabled
Local host: 10.1.25.31, Local port: 11002
Foreign host: 10.1.25.34, Foreign port: 23

The following example shows how to display concise information about one address:


Device# show tcp brief

!
TCB          Local address            Foreign Address        (state)
609789C      Router.example.com.23      cider.example.com.3733    ESTAB

The following example shows how to enable IP TCP ECN debugging:


Device# debug ip tcp ecn
!
TCP ECN debugging is on
!
Device# telnet 10.1.25.31

Trying 10.1.25.31 ...
!
01:43:19: 10.1.25.35:11000 <---> 10.1.25.31:23   out ECN-setup SYN
01:43:21: 10.1.25.35:11000 <---> 10.1.25.31:23   congestion window changes
01:43:21: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 65535 to 2920
01:43:21: 10.1.25.35:11000 <---> 10.1.25.31:23   in non-ECN-setup SYN-ACK

Before a TCP connection can use ECN, a host sends an ECN-setup SYN (synchronization) packet to a remote end that contains an Echo Congestion Experience (ECE) and Congestion window reduced (CWR) bit set in the header. Setting the ECE and CWR bits indicates to the remote end that the sending TCP is ECN capable, rather than an indication of congestion. The remote end sends an ECN-setup SYN-ACK (acknowledgment) packet to the sending host.

In this example the “out ECN-setup SYN” text means that a SYN packet with the ECE and CWR bit set was sent to the remote end. The “in non-ECN-setup SYN-ACK” text means that the remote end did not favorably acknowledge the ECN request and, therefore, the session is not ECN capable.

The following output shows that ECN capabilities are enabled at both ends. In response to the ECN-setup SYN, the other end favorably replied with an ECN-setup SYN-ACK message. This connection is now ECN capable for the rest of the session.


Device# telnet 10.10.10.10

Trying 10.10.10.10 ... Open
Password required, but none set
!
1d20h: 10.1.25.34:11003 <---> 10.1.25.35:23   out ECN-setup SYN
1d20h: 10.1.25.34:11003 <---> 10.1.25.35:23   in ECN-setup SYN-ACK

The following example shows how to verify that the hosts are connected:


Device# show debugging
!
TCP:
  TCP Packet debugging is on
  TCP ECN debugging is on
!
Device# telnet 10.1.25.234
!
Trying 10.1.25.234 ... 
!
00:02:48: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   out ECN-setup SYN
00:02:48: tcp0: O CLOSED 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 ECE CWR SYN  WIN 4128
00:02:50: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   congestion window changes
00:02:50: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 65535 to 2920
00:02:50: tcp0: R SYNSENT 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 ECE CWR SYN  WIN 4128
00:02:54: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   congestion window changes
00:02:54: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 2920 to 2920
00:02:54: tcp0: R SYNSENT 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 ECE CWR SYN  WIN 4128
00:03:02: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   congestion window changes
00:03:02: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 2920 to 2920
00:03:02: tcp0: R SYNSENT 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 ECE CWR SYN  WIN 4128
00:03:18: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   SYN with ECN disabled
00:03:18: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   congestion window changes
00:03:18: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 2920 to 2920
00:03:18: tcp0: O SYNSENT 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 SYN  WIN 4128
00:03:20: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   congestion window changes
00:03:20: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 2920 to 2920
00:03:20: tcp0: R SYNSENT 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 SYN  WIN 4128
00:03:24: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   congestion window changes
00:03:24: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 2920 to 2920
00:03:24: tcp0: R SYNSENT 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 SYN  WIN 4128
00:03:32: 10.1.25.31:11001 <---> 10.1.25.234:23   congestion window changes
00:03:32: cwnd from 1460 to 1460, ssthresh from 2920 to 2920
00:03:32: tcp0: R SYNSENT 10.1.25.234:11001 10.1.25.31:23 seq 1922220018
        OPTS 4 SYN  WIN 4128
!Connection timed out; remote host not responding

Example: Configuring the TCP MSS Adjustment

The following example shows how to configure and verify the interface adjustment value for the example topology displayed in the figure below:

Figure 1. Example Topology for TCP MSS Adjustment

Configure the interface adjustment value on router B:


Router_B(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 2/0/0
Router_B(config-if)# ip tcp adjust-mss 500

Telnet from router A to router C with B having the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) adjustment configured:


Router_A# telnet 192.168.1.1

Trying 192.168.1.1... Open

Observe the debug output from router C:


Router_C# debug ip tcp transactions

Sep 5 18:42:46.247: TCP0: state was LISTEN -> SYNRCVD [23 -> 10.0.1.1(38437)]
Sep 5 18:42:46.247: TCP: tcb 32290C0 connection to 10.0.1.1:38437, peer MSS 500, MSS is 500
Sep 5 18:42:46.247: TCP: sending SYN, seq 580539401, ack 6015751
Sep 5 18:42:46.247: TCP0: Connection to 10.0.1.1:38437, advertising MSS 500
Sep 5 18:42:46.251: TCP0: state was SYNRCVD -> ESTAB [23 -> 10.0.1.1(38437)]

The MSS gets adjusted to 500 on Router B as configured.

The following example shows the configuration of a Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) client with the MSS value set to 1452:


Device(config)# vpdn enable
Device(config)# no vpdn logging
Device(config)# vpdn-group 1
Device(config-vpdn)# request-dialin
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# protocol pppoe
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# exit
Device(config-vpdn)# exit
Device(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Device(config-if)# ip address 192.168.100.1.255.255.255.0
Device(config-if)# ip tcp adjust-mss 1452
Device(config-if)# ip nat inside
Device(config-if)# exit
Device(config)# interface ATM 0
Device(config-if)# no ip address
Device(config-if)# no atm ilmi-keepalive
Device(config-if)# pvc 8/35
Device(config-if)# pppoe client dial-pool-number 1
Device(config-if)# dsl equipment-type CPE
Device(config-if)# dsl operating-mode GSHDSL symmetric annex B
Device(config-if)# dsl linerate AUTO
Device(config-if)# exit
Device(config)# interface Dialer 1
Device(config-if)3 ip address negotiated
Device(config-if)# ip mtu 1492
Device(config-if)# ip nat outside
Device(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Device(config-if)# dialer pool 1
Device(config-if)# dialer-group 1
Device(config-if)# ppp authentication pap callin
Device(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username sohodyn password 7 141B1309000528
Device(config-if)# ip nat inside source list 101 Dialer1 overload
Device(config-if)# exit
Device(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 Dialer1
Device(config)# access-list permit ip 192.168.100.0.0.0.0.255 any

The following example shows the configuration of interface adjustment value for IPv6 traffic:


Device> enable
Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Device(config)# ipv6 tcp adjust-mss 1452
Device(config)# end

Example: Configuring the TCP Application Flags Enhancement

The following output shows the flags (status and option) displayed using the show tcp command:


Device# show tcp
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.
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Status Flags: passive open, active open, retransmission timeout
 App closed
Option Flags: vrf id set
IP Precedence value: 6
.
.
.
SRTT: 273 ms, RTTO: 490 ms, RTV: 217 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 0 ms, maxRTT: 300 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms

Example: Displaying Addresses in IP Format

The following example shows the IP activity by using the numeric keyword to display the addresses in IP format:


Device# show tcp brief numeric

TCB           Local Address          Foreign Address     (state)
6523A4FC      10.1.25.3.11000        10.1.25.3.23         ESTAB
65239A84      10.1.25.3.23           10.1.25.3.11000      ESTAB
653FCBBC      *.1723 *.* LISTEN

Additional References

Related Documents

Related Topic

Document Title

Cisco IOS commands

Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases

IP Application Services commands

IP Application Services Command Reference

Standards and RFCs

Standard/RFC

Title

RFC 793

Transmission Control Protocol

RFC 1191

Path MTU discovery

RFC 1323

TCP Extensions for High Performance

RFC 2018

TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options

RFC 2581

TCP Congestion Control

RFC 3168

The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP

RFC 3782

The NewReno Modification to TCP’s Fast Recovery Algorithm

RFC 4022

Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

MIBs

MIB

MIBs Link

CISCO-TCP-MIB

To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs

Technical Assistance

Description

Link

The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html

Feature Information for TCP

The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 1. Feature Information for TCP

Feature Name

Releases

Feature Information

TCP Application Flags Enhancement

12.2(31)SB2

12.4(2)T

The TCP Applications Flags Enhancement feature enables the user to display additional flags with reference to TCP applications. There are two types of flags: status and option. The status flags indicate the status of TCP connections such as retransmission timeouts, application closed, and synchronized (SYNC) handshakes for listening. The additional flags indicate the state of set options such as whether a VPN routing and forwarding instance (VRF) is set, whether a user is idle, and whether a keepalive timer is running.

The following command was modified by this feature: show tcp .

TCP Congestion Avoidance

12.3(7)T

The TCP Congestion Avoidance feature enables the monitoring of acknowledgment packets to the TCP sender when multiple packets are lost in a single window of data. Before this feature was introduced, the sender would exit Fast-Recovery mode, wait for three or more duplicate acknowledgment packets before retransmitting the next unacknowledged packet, or wait for the retransmission timer to start slowly. This delay could lead to performance issues.

Implementation of RFC 2581 and RFC 3782 addresses the modifications to the Fast-Recovery algorithm that incorporates a response to partial acknowledgments received during Fast Recovery, improving performance in situations where multiple packets are lost in a single window of data.

This feature is an enhancement to the existing Fast Recovery algorithm. No commands are used to enable or disable this feature.

The output of the debug ip tcp transactions command monitors acknowledgment packets by displaying the following conditions:

  • TCP entering Fast Recovery mode.

  • Duplicate acknowledgments being received during Fast Recovery mode.

  • Partial acknowledgments being received.

The following command was modified by this feature: debug ip tcp transactions .

TCP Explicit Congestion Notification

12.3(7)T

The TCP Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) feature allows an intermediate router to notify end hosts of impending network congestion. It also provides enhanced support for TCP sessions associated with applications such as Telnet, web browsing, and transfer of audio and video data, that are sensitive to delay or packet loss. The benefit of this is the reduction of delay and packet loss in data transmissions.

The following commands were introduced or modified by this feature: debug ip tcp ecn , ip tcp ecn , show debugging , show tcp .

TCP MIB for RFC4022 Support

12.2(33)XN

The TCP MIB for RFC 4022 Support feature introduces support for RFC 4022, Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). RFC 4022 is an incremental change of the TCP MIB to improve the manageability of TCP.

There are no new or modified commands for this feature.

TCP MSS Adjust

12.2(4)T

12.2(8)T

12.2(18)ZU2

12.2(28)SB

12.2(33)SRA

12.2(33)SXH

15.0(1)S

The TCP MSS Adjust feature enables the configuration of the maximum segment size (MSS) for transient packets that traverse a device, specifically TCP segments in the SYN bit set.

In 12.2(4)T, this feature was introduced.

In 12.2(8)T, the command that was introduced by this feature was changed from ip adjust-mss to ip tcp adjust-mss .

In 12.2(28)SB and 12.2(33)SRA, this feature was enhanced to be configurable on subinterfaces.

The following command was introduced by this feature: ip tcp adjust-mss .

TCP Show Extension

12.2(31)SB2

12.4(2)T

The TCP Show Extension feature introduces the capability to display addresses in IP format instead of hostname format and to display the VRF table associated with the connection.

The following command was modified by this feature: show tcp brief .

TCP Window Scaling

12.2(8)T

12.2(31)SB2

The TCP Window Scaling feature adds support for the Window Scaling option in RFC 1323. A larger window size is recommended to improve TCP performance in network paths with large bandwidth, long-delay characteristics that are called Long Fat Networks (LFNs). This TCP Window Scaling enhancement provides that support.

The following command was introduced or modified by this feature: ip tcp window-size .

TCP Keepalive Timer

15.2(4)M

The TCP Keepalive Timer feature introduces the capability to identify dead connections between multiple routing devices.

The following command was introduced or modified by this feature: ip tcp keepalive .