BGP is an interdomain routing protocol designed to provide loop-free routing links between organizations. BGP is designed to run over a reliable transport protocol; it uses TCP (port 179) as the transport protocol because TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. The destination TCP port is assigned 179, and the local port is assigned a random port number. Cisco software supports BGP version 4 and it is this version that has been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to help build the Internet. RFC 1771 introduced and discussed a number of new BGP features to allow the protocol to scale for Internet use. RFC 2858 introduced multiprotocol extensions to allow BGP to carry routing information for IP multicast routes and multiple Layer 3 protocol address families, including IPv4, IPv6, and CLNS.

BGP is mainly used to connect a local network to an external network to gain access to the Internet or to connect to other organizations. When connecting to an external organization, external BGP (eBGP) peering sessions are created. Although BGP is referred to as an exterior gateway protocol (EGP), many networks within an organization are becoming so complex that BGP can be used to simplify the internal network used within the organization. BGP peers within the same organization exchange routing information through internal BGP (iBGP) peering sessions.

BGP uses a path-vector routing algorithm to exchange network reachability information with other BGP-speaking networking devices. Network reachability information is exchanged between BGP peers in routing updates. Network reachability information contains the network number, path-specific attributes, and the list of autonomous system numbers that a route must transit to reach a destination network. This list is contained in the AS-path attribute. BGP prevents routing loops by rejecting any routing update that contains the local autonomous system number because this indicates that the route has already traveled through that autonomous system and a loop would therefore be created. The BGP path-vector routing algorithm is a combination of the distance-vector routing algorithm and the AS-path loop detection.

BGP selects a single path, by default, as the best path to a destination host or network. The best path selection algorithm analyzes path attributes to determine which route is installed as the best path in the BGP routing table. Each path carries well-known mandatory, well-known discretionary, and optional transitive attributes that are used in BGP best path analysis. Cisco software provides the ability to influence BGP path selection by altering some of these attributes using the command-line interface (CLI.) BGP path selection can also be influenced through standard BGP policy configuration. For more details about using BGP to influence path selection and configuring BGP policies to filter traffic, see the “BGP 4 Prefix Filter and Inbound Route Maps” module and the “BGP Prefix-Based Outbound Route Filtering” module.

BGP uses the best-path selection algorithm to find a set of equally good routes. These routes are the potential multipaths. In Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRD and later releases, when there are more equally good multipaths available than the maximum permitted number, the oldest paths are selected as multipaths.

BGP can be used to help manage complex internal networks by interfacing with Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs). Internal BGP can help with issues such as scaling the existing IGPs to match the traffic demands while maintaining network efficiency.

Note	BGP requires more configuration than other routing protocols and the effects of any configuration changes must be fully understood. Incorrect configuration can create routing loops and negatively impact normal network operation.

BGP uses a router ID to identify BGP-speaking peers. The BGP router ID is a 32-bit value that is often represented by an IPv4 address. By default, the Cisco software sets the router ID to the IPv4 address of a loopback interface on the router. If no loopback interface is configured on the device, the software chooses the highest IPv4 address configured on a physical interface of the device to represent the BGP router ID. The BGP router ID must be unique to the BGP peers in a network.

A BGP-speaking device does not discover another BGP-speaking device automatically. A network administrator usually manually configures the relationships between BGP-speaking devices. A peer device is a BGP-speaking device that has an active TCP connection to another BGP-speaking device. This relationship between BGP devices is often referred to as a neighbor, but because this can imply the idea that the BGP devices are directly connected with no other device in between, the term neighbor will be avoided whenever possible in this document. A BGP speaker is the local device, and a peer is any other BGP-speaking network device.

When a TCP connection is established between peers, each BGP peer initially exchanges all its routes—the complete BGP routing table—with the other peer. After this initial exchange, only incremental updates are sent when there has been a topology change in the network, or when a routing policy has been implemented or modified. In the periods of inactivity between these updates, peers exchange special messages called keepalives.

A BGP autonomous system is a network that is controlled by a single technical administration entity. Peer devices are called external peers when they are in different autonomous systems and internal peers when they are in the same autonomous system. Usually, external peers are adjacent and share a subnet; internal peers may be anywhere in the same autonomous system.

When a BGP routing process establishes a peering session with a peer, it goes through the following state changes:

• Idle—The initial state that the BGP routing process enters when the routing process is enabled or when the device is reset. In this state, the device waits for a start event, such as a peering configuration with a remote peer. After the device receives a TCP connection request from a remote peer, the device initiates another start event to wait for a timer before starting a TCP connection to a remote peer. If the device is reset, the peer is reset and the BGP routing process returns to the Idle state.

• Connect—The BGP routing process detects that a peer is trying to establish a TCP session with the local BGP speaker.

• Active—In this state, the BGP routing process tries to establish a TCP session with a peer device using the ConnectRetry timer. Start events are ignored while the BGP routing process is in the Active state. If the BGP routing process is reconfigured or if an error occurs, the BGP routing process will release system resources and return to an Idle state.

• OpenSent—The TCP connection is established, and the BGP routing process sends an OPEN message to the remote peer, and transitions to the OpenSent state. The BGP routing process can receive other OPEN messages in this state. If the connection fails, the BGP routing process transitions to the Active state.

• OpenReceive—The BGP routing process receives the OPEN message from the remote peer and waits for an initial keepalive message from the remote peer. When a keepalive message is received, the BGP routing process transitions to the Established state. If a notification message is received, the BGP routing process transitions to the Idle state. If an error or configuration change occurs that affects the peering session, the BGP routing process sends a notification message with the Finite State Machine (FSM) error code and then transitions to the Idle state.

• Established—The initial keepalive is received from the remote peer. Peering is now established with the remote neighbor and the BGP routing process starts exchanging update message with the remote peer. The hold timer restarts when an update or keepalive message is received. If the BGP process receives an error notification, it will transition to the Idle state.

Whenever the routing policy changes due to a configuration change, BGP peering sessions must be reset by using the clear ip bgp command. Cisco software supports the following three mechanisms to reset BGP peering sessions:

• Hard reset—A hard reset tears down the specified peering sessions including the TCP connection and deletes routes coming from the specified peer.

• Soft reset—A soft reset uses stored prefix information to reconfigure and activate BGP routing tables without tearing down existing peering sessions. Soft reconfiguration uses stored update information, at the cost of additional memory for storing the updates, to allow you to apply new BGP policy without disrupting the network. Soft reconfiguration can be configured for inbound or outbound sessions.

• Dynamic inbound soft reset—The route refresh capability, as defined in RFC 2918, allows the local device to reset inbound routing tables dynamically by exchanging route refresh requests to supporting peers. The route refresh capability does not store update information locally for nondisruptive policy changes. It instead relies on dynamic exchange with supporting peers. Route refresh must first be advertised through BGP capability negotiation between peers. All BGP devices must support the route refresh capability. To determine if a BGP device supports this capability, use the show ip bgp neighbors command. The following message is displayed in the output when the device supports the route refresh capability:

         Received route refresh capability from peer.

The bgp soft-reconfig-backup command was introduced to configure BGP to perform inbound soft reconfiguration for peers that do not support the route refresh capability. The configuration of this command allows you to configure BGP to store updates (soft reconfiguration) only as necessary. Peers that support the route refresh capability are unaffected by the configuration of this command.

BGP peers store and exchange routing information and the amount of routing information increases as more BGP speakers are configured. The use of route aggregation reduces the amount of information involved. Aggregation is the process of combining the attributes of several different routes so that only a single route is advertised. Aggregate prefixes use the classless interdomain routing (CIDR) principle to combine contiguous networks into one classless set of IP addresses that can be summarized in routing tables. Fewer routes now need to be advertised.

Two methods are available in BGP to implement route aggregation. You can redistribute an aggregated route into BGP or you can use a form of conditional aggregation. Basic route redistribution involves creating an aggregate route and then redistributing the routes into BGP. Conditional aggregation involves creating an aggregate route and then advertising or suppressing the advertising of certain routes on the basis of route maps, autonomous system set path (AS-SET) information, or summary information.

The bgp suppress-inactive command configures BGP to not advertise inactive routes to any BGP peer. A BGP routing process can advertise routes that are not installed in the routing information database (RIB) to BGP peers by default. A route that is not installed into the RIB is an inactive route. Inactive route advertisement can occur, for example, when routes are advertised through common route aggregation. Inactive route advertisements can be suppressed to provide more consistent data forwarding.

AS_SET information can be generated when BGP routes are aggregated using the aggregate-address command. The path advertised for such a route is an AS_SET consisting of all the elements, including the communities, contained in all the paths that are being summarized. If the AS_PATHs to be aggregated are identical, only the AS_PATH is advertised. The ATOMIC-AGGREGATE attribute, set by default for the aggregate-address command, is not added to the AS_SET.

Routing policies for a peer include all the configurations for elements such as a route map, distribute list, prefix list, and filter list that may impact inbound or outbound routing table updates. Whenever there is a change in the routing policy, the BGP session must be soft-cleared, or soft-reset, for the new policy to take effect. Performing inbound reset enables the new inbound policy configured on the device to take effect. Performing outbound reset causes the new local outbound policy configured on the device to take effect without resetting the BGP session. As a new set of updates is sent during outbound policy reset, a new inbound policy of the neighbor can also take effect. This means that after changing inbound policy, you must do an inbound reset on the local device or an outbound reset on the peer device. Outbound policy changes require an outbound reset on the local device or an inbound reset on the peer device.

There are two types of reset: hard reset and soft reset. The table below lists their advantages and disadvantages.

Once you have defined two devices to be BGP neighbors, they will form a BGP connection and exchange routing information. If you subsequently change a BGP filter, weight, distance, version, or timer, or if you make a similar configuration change, you must reset BGP connections in order for the configuration change to take effect.

A soft reset updates the routing table for inbound and outbound routing updates. Cisco software supports soft reset without any prior configuration. This soft reset allows the dynamic exchange of route refresh requests and routing information between BGP devices, and allows the subsequent readvertisement of the respective outbound routing table. There are two types of soft reset:

• When soft reset is used to generate inbound updates from a neighbor, it is called dynamic inbound soft reset.

• When soft reset is used to send a new set of updates to a neighbor, it is called outbound soft reset.

To use soft reset without preconfiguration, both BGP peers must support the soft route refresh capability, which is advertised in the OPEN message sent when the peers establish a TCP session.

Often, in a BGP network, many neighbors are configured with the same update policies (that is, the same outbound route maps, distribute lists, filter lists, update source, and so on). Neighbors with the same update policies can be grouped into BGP peer groups to simplify configuration and, more importantly, to make configuration updates more efficient. When you have many peers, this approach is highly recommended.

In a BGP network topology with two border devices using eBGP to communicate to a number of different autonomous systems, using eBGP to communicate between the two border devices may not be the most efficient routing method. In the figure below, Router B as a BGP speaker will receive a route to Router D through eBGP, but this route will traverse at least two autonomous systems. Router B and Router D are also connected through an Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) network (any IGP can be used here), and this route has a shorter path. EIGRP routes, however, have a default administrative distance of 90, and eBGP routes have a default administrative distance of 20, so BGP will prefer the eBGP route. Changing the default administrative distances is not recommended because changing the administrative distance may lead to routing loops. To cause BGP to prefer the EIGRP route, you can use the network backdoor command. BGP treats the network specified by the network backdoor command as a locally assigned network, except that it does not advertise the specified network in BGP updates. In the figure below, this means that Router B will communicate to Router D using the shorter EIGRP route instead of the longer eBGP route.

Figure 1. BGP Backdoor Route Topology

Perform this task to configure a BGP routing process. You must perform the required steps at least once to enable BGP. The optional steps here allow you to configure additional features in your BGP network. Several of the features, such as logging neighbor resets and immediate reset of a peer when its link goes down, are enabled by default but are presented here to enhance your understanding of how your BGP network operates.

Note	A device that runs Cisco software can be configured to run only one BGP routing process and to be a member of only one BGP autonomous system. However, a BGP routing process and autonomous system can support multiple concurrent BGP address family and subaddress family configurations.

The configuration in this task is done at Router A in the figure below and would need to be repeated with appropriate changes to the IP addresses (for example, at Router B) to fully achieve a BGP process between the two devices. No address family is configured here for the BGP routing process, so routing information for the IPv4 unicast address family is advertised by default.

Figure 2. BGP Topology with Two Autonomous Systems

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    router bgp autonomous-system-number


4.    network network-number [mask network-mask] [route-map route-map-name]


5.    bgp router-id ip-address


6.    timers bgp keepalive holdtime


7.    bgp fast-external-fallover


8.    bgp log-neighbor-changes


9.    end


10.    show ip bgp [network] [network-mask]

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# router bgp 40000

Device(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0

Device(config-router)# bgp router-id 10.1.1.99

Device(config-router)# timers bgp 70 120

Device(config-router)# bgp fast-external-fallover

Device(config-router)# bgp log-neighbor-changes

Device(config-router)# end

Device# show ip bgp

BGP table version is 12, local router ID is 10.1.1.99
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.1.1.0/24      0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i

Before You Begin

Before you perform this task, perform the “Configuring a BGP Routing Process” task.

Note

By default, neighbors that are defined using the neighbor remote-as command in router configuration mode exchange only IPv4 unicast address prefixes. To exchange other address prefix types, such as IPv6 prefixes, neighbors must also be activated using the neighbor activate command in address family configuration mode for the other prefix types, such as IPv6 prefixes.

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    router bgp autonomous-system-number


4.    neighbor ip-address remote-as autonomous-system-number


5.    address-family ipv4 [unicast | multicast | vrf vrf-name]


6.    neighbor ip-address activate


7.    end


8.    show ip bgp [network] [network-mask]


9.    show ip bgp neighbors [neighbor-address]

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# router bgp 40000

Device(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 45000

Device(config-router)# address-family ipv4 unicast

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 activate

Device(config-router-af)# end

Device# show ip bgp 

Device(config-router-af)# show ip bgp neighbors 192.168.2.2

BGP table version is 13, local router ID is 10.1.1.99
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.1.1.0/24      0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i
*> 172.17.1.0/24    192.168.1.1              0             0 45000 i

BGP neighbor is 192.168.1.1,  remote AS 45000, external link
  BGP version 4, remote router ID 172.17.1.99
  BGP state = Established, up for 00:06:55
  Last read 00:00:15, last write 00:00:15, hold time is 120, keepalive intervals
  Configured hold time is 120,keepalive interval is 70 seconds, Minimum holdtims
  Neighbor capabilities:
    Route refresh: advertised and received (old & new)
    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
  Message statistics:
    InQ depth is 0
    OutQ depth is 0
                         Sent       Rcvd
    Opens:                  1          1
    Notifications:          0          0
    Updates:                1          2
    Keepalives:            13         13
    Route Refresh:          0          0
    Total:                 15         16
  Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds
 For address family: IPv4 Unicast
  BGP table version 13, neighbor version 13/0
 Output queue size : 0
  Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2
  1 update-group member
                                 Sent       Rcvd
  Prefix activity:               ----       ----
    Prefixes Current:               1          1 (Consumes 52 bytes)
    Prefixes Total:                 1          1
    Implicit Withdraw:              0          0
    Explicit Withdraw:              0          0
    Used as bestpath:             n/a          1
    Used as multipath:            n/a          0
                                   Outbound    Inbound
  Local Policy Denied Prefixes:    --------    -------
    AS_PATH loop:                       n/a          1
    Bestpath from this peer:              1        n/a
    Total:                                1          1
  Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 0, min 0
  Connections established 1; dropped 0
  Last reset never
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0        
Connection is ECN Disabled
Local host: 192.168.1.2, Local port: 179
Foreign host: 192.168.1.1, Foreign port: 37725
Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0  mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes)
Event Timers (current time is 0x12F4F2C):
Timer          Starts    Wakeups            Next
Retrans            14          0             0x0
TimeWait            0          0             0x0
AckHold            13          8             0x0
SendWnd             0          0             0x0
KeepAlive           0          0             0x0
GiveUp              0          0             0x0
PmtuAger            0          0             0x0
DeadWait            0          0             0x0
iss:  165379618  snduna:  165379963  sndnxt:  165379963     sndwnd:  16040
irs: 3127821601  rcvnxt: 3127821993  rcvwnd:      15993  delrcvwnd:    391
SRTT: 254 ms, RTTO: 619 ms, RTV: 365 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 12 ms, maxRTT: 300 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms
Flags: passive open, nagle, gen tcbs
IP Precedence value : 6
Datagrams (max data segment is 1460 bytes):
Rcvd: 20 (out of order: 0), with data: 15, total data bytes: 391
Sent: 22 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0, partialack: 0, Second Congestion: 04

Perform this optional task to configure BGP between two IPv4 devices (peers) that must exchange IPv4 VRF information because they exist in a VPN. The address family configured here is the IPv4 VRF address family, and the configuration is done at Router B in the figure below with the neighbor 192.168.3.2 at Router E in autonomous system 50000. Remember to perform this task for any neighboring devices that are to be BGP IPv4 VRF address family peers.

Figure 3. BGP Topology for IPv4 VRF Address Family

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    interface type number


4.    vrf forwarding vrf-name


5.    ip address ip-address mask [secondary [vrf vrf-name]]


6.    exit


7.    ip vrf vrf-name


8.    rd route-distinguisher


9.    route-target {import | export | both} route-target-ext-community


10.    exit


11.    router bgp autonomous-system-number


12.    address-family ipv4 [unicast | multicast | vrf vrf-name]


13.    neighbor ip-address remote-as autonomous-system-number


14.    neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix maximum [threshold] [restart restart-interval] [warning-only]


15.    neighbor ip-address activate


16.    end

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

Device(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0

Device(config-if)# vrf forwarding vpn1

Device(config-if)# ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

Device(config-if)# exit

Device(config)# ip vrf vpn1

Device(config-vrf)# rd 45000:5

Device(config-vrf)# route-target both 45000:100

Device(config-vrf)# exit

Device(config)# router bgp 45000

Device(config-router)# address-family ipv4 vrf vpn1

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 remote-as 50000

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 maximum-prefix 10000 warning-only

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 activate

Device(config-router-af)# end

Perform this task to customize your BGP peers. Although many of the steps in this task are optional, this task demonstrates how the neighbor and address family configuration command relationships work. Using the example of the IPv4 multicast address family, neighbor address family-independent commands are configured before the IPv4 multicast address family is configured. Commands that are address family-dependent are then configured and the exit address-family command is shown. An optional step shows how to disable a neighbor.

The configuration in this task is done at Router B in the figure below and would need to be repeated with appropriate changes to the IP addresses, for example, at Router E to fully configure a BGP process between the two devices.

Figure 4. BGP Peer Topology

Note

By default, neighbors that are defined using the neighbor remote-as command in router configuration mode exchange only IPv4 unicast address prefixes. To exchange other address prefix types, such as IPv6 prefixes, neighbors must also be activated using the neighbor activate command in address family configuration mode for the other prefix types, such as IPv6 prefixes.

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    router bgp autonomous-system-number


4.    no bgp default ipv4-unicast


5.    neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remote-as autonomous-system-number


6.    neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} description text


7.    address-family ipv4 [unicast | multicast | vrf vrf-name]


8.    network network-number [mask network-mask] [route-map route-map-name]


9.    neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} activate


10.    neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} advertisement-interval seconds


11.    neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} default-originate [route-map map-name]


12.    exit-address-family


13.    neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} shutdown


14.    end


15.    show ip bgp ipv4 multicast [command]


16.    show ip bgp neighbors [neighbor-address] [received-routes | routes | advertised-routes | paths regexp | dampened-routes | received prefix-filter]

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# router bgp 45000

Device(config-router)# no bgp default ipv4-unicast

Device(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 remote-as 50000

Device(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 description finance

Device(config-router)# address-family ipv4 multicast

Device(config-router-af)# network 172.17.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 activate

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 advertisement-interval 25

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 default-originate

Device(config-router-af)# exit-address-family

Device(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.3.2 shutdown

Device(config-router)# end

Device# show ip bgp ipv4 multicast

Device# show ip bgp neighbors 192.168.3.2

BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 172.17.1.99
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.2.2.0/24      192.168.3.2              0             0 50000 i
*> 172.17.1.0/24    0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i

BGP neighbor is 192.168.3.2,  remote AS 50000, external link
 Description: finance
  BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.2.2.99
  BGP state = Established, up for 01:48:27
  Last read 00:00:26, last write 00:00:26, hold time is 120, keepalive intervals
  Configured hold time is 120,keepalive interval is 70 seconds, Minimum holdtims
  Neighbor capabilities:
    Route refresh: advertised and received (old & new)
    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised
    Address family IPv4 Multicast: advertised and received
!        
 For address family: IPv4 Multicast
  BGP table version 3, neighbor version 3/0
 Output queue size : 0
  Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2
  1 update-group member
    Uses NEXT_HOP attribute for MBGP NLRIs
                                 Sent       Rcvd
  Prefix activity:               ----       ----
    Prefixes Current:               1          1 (Consumes 48 bytes)
    Prefixes Total:                 1          1
    Implicit Withdraw:              0          0
    Explicit Withdraw:              0          0
    Used as bestpath:             n/a          1
    Used as multipath:            n/a          0
                                   Outbound    Inbound
  Local Policy Denied Prefixes:    --------    -------
    Bestpath from this peer:              1        n/a
    Total:                                1          0
  Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 0, min 0
  Minimum time between advertisement runs is 25 seconds
  Connections established 8; dropped 7
  Last reset 01:48:54, due to User reset
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0        
Connection is ECN Disabled
Local host: 192.168.3.1, Local port: 13172
Foreign host: 192.168.3.2, Foreign port: 179
!

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    no route-map map-name


4.    router eigrp autonomous-system-number


5.    no redistribute protocol [as-number]


6.    end


7.    show running-config

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# no route-map bgp-to-eigrp

Device(config)# router eigrp 100

Device(config-router)# no redistribute bgp 45000

Device(config-router)# end

Device# show running-config

The tasks in this section are concerned with the resetting and display of information about basic BGP processes and peer relationships. Once you have defined two devices to be BGP neighbors, they will form a BGP connection and exchange routing information. If you subsequently change a BGP filter, weight, distance, version, or timer, or make a similar configuration change, you may have to reset BGP connections for the configuration change to take effect.

BGP peers exchange information about local networks, but this can quickly lead to large BGP routing tables. CIDR enables the creation of aggregate routes (or supernets) to minimize the size of routing tables. Smaller BGP routing tables can reduce the convergence time of the network and improve network performance. Aggregated routes can be configured and advertised using BGP. Some aggregations advertise only summary routes and other methods of aggregating routes allow more specific routes to be forwarded. Aggregation applies only to routes that exist in the BGP routing table. An aggregated route is forwarded if at least one more specific route of the aggregation exists in the BGP routing table. Perform one of the following tasks to aggregate routes within BGP:

Route aggregation is useful to minimize the size of the BGP table, but there are situations when you want to add more specific prefixes to the BGP table. Route aggregation can hide more specific routes. Using the network command as shown in the “Configuring a BGP Routing Process” section originates routes, and the following optional tasks originate BGP routes for the BGP table for different situations.

This task explains how to configure a BGP peer group. Often, in a BGP speaker, many neighbors are configured with the same update policies (that is, the same outbound route maps, distribute lists, filter lists, update source, and so on). Neighbors with the same update policies can be grouped into peer groups to simplify configuration and, more importantly, to make updating more efficient. When you have many peers, this approach is highly recommended.

The three steps to configure a BGP peer group, described in the following task, are as follows:

• Creating the peer group

• Assigning options to the peer group

• Making neighbors members of the peer group

You can disable a BGP peer or peer group without removing all the configuration information using the neighbor shutdown router configuration command.

Note

By default, neighbors that are defined using the neighbor remote-as command in router configuration mode exchange only IPv4 unicast address prefixes. To exchange other address prefix types, such as IPv6 prefixes, neighbors must also be activated using the neighbor activate command in address family configuration mode for the other prefix types.

1.    enable


2.    configure terminal


3.    router bgp autonomous-system-number


4.    neighbor peer-group-name peer-group


5.    neighbor ip-address remote-as autonomous-system-number


6.    neighbor ip-address peer-group peer-group-name


7.    address-family ipv4 [unicast | multicast | vrf vrf-name]


8.    neighbor peer-group-name activate


9.    neighbor ip-address peer-group peer-group-name


10.    end

Device> enable

Device# configure terminal

Device(config)# router bgp 40000

Device(config-router)# neighbor fingroup peer-group

Device(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 45000

Device(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 peer-group fingroup

Device(config-router)# address-family ipv4 multicast

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor fingroup activate

Device(config-router-af)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 peer-group fingroup

Device(config-router-af)# end